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Anthracnose disease, caused by Colletotrichum incanum, has emerged and affected the production of balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorus) in Viet Nam. The current study aims to characterize C. incanum and evaluate its sensitivity to fungicides. C. incanum was identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. The study revealed that Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) was the most suitable medium for the growth of C. incanum. The optimal conditions were observed at temperatures ranging between 25-28 °C and pH levels of 6.5-7.0. Antracol 70WP at a concentration of 3.00 g L−1, Tilt Super® 300EC at 0.03 ml L−1, and Ridomil Gold® 68WG at 4.5 g L−1 exhibited high efficacy in inhibiting the growth and development of C. incanum isolates under in vitro conditions. It's worth noting that this study marks the first report of C. incanum causing anthracnose disease in balloon flower in Viet Nam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important crop grown extensively in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. Despite the multifaceted importance of this crop, its production could not be stabilized in the Uttar Pradesh as well as in the country. There are several biotic and abiotic constraints hampering the production of mungbean crop. Among the diseases, anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is one of the most important fungal diseases of mungbean in India. In recent past, it has become a major threat for mungbean cultivation particularly in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh during the Kharif crop season. Field experiments were conducted during July to September in 2019 and 2020 to find out a suitable management option for anthracnose in mungbean. Nine different fungicides and 190 mungbean germplasm were assessed against anthracnose. Twice sprays of Carbendazim at 1st appearance of symptoms at15 days interval gave the maximum reduction in incidence and severity of anthracnose i.e. 51.12% and 64.56%, respectively along with significant enhancement (53.39%) in grain yield during both the crop seasons. The second best effective fungicide for reduction of incidence and severity was combination of Carbendazim + Mancozeb followed by Azoxystrobin and Tebuconazole. Out of 190 mungbean germplasm, evaluated for resistance against anthracnose disease during two crop seasons, four genotypes viz., Pairy Mung, PMG-991, MGG-295 and Kopargaon were found to be moderately resistant against anthracnose disease. None of the germplasm were found to be resistant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum capsici , is a major fungal issue in chilies (Capsicum annuum L.) worldwide, leading to a reduction in global production. It can be controlled by using synthetic fungicides, but these fungicides can hamper the environmental and ecological balance. As a result, alternative approaches are needed to control this important fungal disease. In this study, economically feasible silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were manufactured and demonstrated antifungal activity against anthracnose disease causing Colletotrichum capsici. AgNPs were synthesized from Colchicum luteum leaf extract. Physico-chemical characterization confirmed the synthesis, average size, and shape of AgNPs. The AgNPs were spherical in shape, with an average size of 11.75 nm. The isolated fungal pathogen causing anthracnose in chili was identified as C. capsici. The antifungal activity of AgNPs, AgNO 3 , and a fungicide was evaluated, with AgNPs showing the strongest inhibitory impact on the mycelial growth of C. capsici. In an in vitro leaflet assay, AgNPs demonstrated significant efficacy in inhibiting fungal proliferation on chili leaves. The results highlight the ability of AgNPs as antifungal agents against C. capsici , surpassing the effectiveness of both AgNO 3 and conventional fungicide treatments. These findings advocate for continued investigation into the practical application of AgNPs as a promising alternative strategy for managing fungal diseases in agricultural settings. • Spherical with an average size of 11.75 nm silver nanoparticles were formed via green method. • Green silver nanoparticles displayed profound antifungal activity against anthracnose disease causing Colletotrichum capsici. • Silver nanoparticles proved effective for the management of anthracnose disease in chili. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) growing areas of district Jhansi coming under Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh were surveyed during Kharif 2018 for the occurrence of anthracnose disease of black gram. A total of 22 villages were visited under six blocks of Jhansi during this period. Blockwise comparison of the survey in Jhansi revealed that less mean disease incidence (10%) and severity (4.0%) occurred in the Chirgaon block. Highest disease incidence (24%) and severity (12%) were observed in block Moth. The block Bangra, Babina, Badagaon, and Bamour secured disease incidence 23.5, 20, 16.44 and 15% and severity 15.14, 12, 7.44 and 8.5% respectively. Nine fungicides (viz. folicur@ 0.1%, tilt @0.1%, natio@0.0.5%, saaf@0.2%, bavistin@0.2%, dithane Z-78@0.2%, amistar top, kavach@0.2% and blitox@0.2%) were tested against anthracnose disease of black gram under field condition. Among them, seed treatment with carbendazim@ 3gram/kg seed and foliar spray of mixture of azole and strobilurin group T3- natio@0.05 (tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin) and T7-amistar top@0.1% (azoxystrobin+ difenoconazole) were found significantly (at 0.05%) superior over the rest of treatments, both showed minimum (6%) disease severity with maximum (78.51%) disease control. Significant (at 0.05%) increase in yield (47.5%) also observed in both treatments T3 and T7. The treatment T1- Spray of Folicur@0.1%, T2- Spray of Tilt @0.1%, T4- Spray of Saaf@0.2%, T5- Spray of Bavistin@0.2%, T8- Spray of Kavach@0.2%, T9- Spray of Blitox@0.2% also showed good results in reducing the black gram anthracnose disease severity per cent (64.29, 57.14, 64.28, 57.14, 71.42 and 64.28 and also increased the yield per cent 37.5, 35, 42.5, 36.25, 45 and 45 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]