1. Fusarium graminearum rapid alkalinization factor peptide negatively regulates plant immunity and cell growth via the FERONIA receptor kinase.
- Author
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Wang Y, Liu X, Yuan B, Chen X, Zhao H, Ali Q, Zheng M, Tan Z, Yao H, Zheng S, Wu J, Xu J, Shi J, Wu H, Gao X, and Gu Q
- Subjects
- Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism, Arabidopsis Proteins genetics, Plant Diseases microbiology, Plant Diseases immunology, Triticum microbiology, Triticum genetics, Triticum immunology, Triticum metabolism, Fungal Proteins metabolism, Fungal Proteins genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Phosphotransferases metabolism, Phosphotransferases genetics, Plant Proteins metabolism, Plant Proteins genetics, Solanum lycopersicum microbiology, Solanum lycopersicum genetics, Solanum lycopersicum immunology, Solanum lycopersicum metabolism, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Fusarium, Plant Immunity, Arabidopsis immunology, Arabidopsis genetics, Arabidopsis microbiology, Arabidopsis metabolism
- Abstract
The plant rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) peptides function as key regulators in cell growth and immune responses through the receptor kinase FERONIA (FER). In this study, we report that the transcription factor FgPacC binds directly to the promoter of FgRALF gene, which encodes a functional homologue of the plant RALF peptides from the wheat head blight fungus Fusarium graminearum (FgRALF). More importantly, FgPacC promotes fungal infection via host immune suppression by activating the expression of FgRALF. The FgRALF peptide also exhibited typical activities of plant RALF functions, such as inducing plant alkalinization and inhibiting cell growth, including wheat (Triticum aestivum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Arabidopsis thaliana. We further identified the wheat receptor kinase FERONIA (TaFER), which is capable of restoring the defects of the A. thaliana FER mutant. In addition, we found that FgRALF peptide binds to the extracellular malectin-like domain (ECD) of TaFER (TaFER
ECD ) to suppress the PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and cell growth. Overexpression of TaFERECD in A. thaliana confers plant resistance to F. graminearum and protects from FgRALF-induced cell growth inhibition. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the fungal pathogen-secreted RALF mimic suppresses host immunity and inhibits cell growth via plant FER receptor. This establishes a novel pathway for the development of disease-resistant crops in the future without compromising their yield potential., (© 2024 The Authors. Plant Biotechnology Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and The Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
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