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Raman spectroscopy is an important method to analyze and measure mineral composition and structure, which has the advantages of being non-destructive and rapid. This study considered garnet from the Jiama copper polymetallic deposit in Tibet to carry out micro-Raman spectrum and electron microprobe research to analyze the Raman spectrum characteristics of garnet with different components to reveal its indicative significance for garnet composition and skarn mineralization. The results showed that the Raman peaks T, X, A1, A2, and A3 shift toward lower wavenumber with the increase in andradite (And) content. The variations in T, X, and A2 are more obvious than those of A1 and A3. When And > 50%, the three Raman peaks (T, X, and A2) range are 173–174, 234–239, 513–525 cm−1; when And < 50%, they are 177–178, 240–244, 527–543 cm−1. The Raman peaks also shift with the cation radius and relative atomic mass. Different peaks moved in the low-frequency direction with the increase in the X2+ and Y3+ radius, and the X2+ atomic mass. The Raman spectrum can indicate the composition change in garnet. Raman spectrum analysis of garnet is of great significance for skarn zoning and prospecting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Garnet T absorption valley have a strong correlation with Fe 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 content, featuring a correlation coefficient of over 0.85. • According to the mixed spectral characteristics of skarn minerals including garnet, diopside, and wollastonite, the skarn zonation can be classifed. • Garnet T absorption valley shifted to a shorter wavelength from proximal to distal skarn and from lower to upper skarn zonation. • Stronger copper mineralization occurred when the garnet T absorption valley exceeded 11.50 μm, while 11.35–11.50 μm is related to more intense molybdenum mineralization. The zonation patterns of skarn minerals, including garnet, diopside, and wollastonite, are important for exploration of skarn deposits. Thermal infrared (TIR) spectroscopy, which covers the wavelength range of 6–14 μm, is a new eco-friendly technology for skarn mineral identification. In this study, the TIR spectra data were collected, using an Agilent 4300 Handheld FTIR Spectrometer from nine drill holes within Jiama Cu-Mo deposit in Tibet, China. This study focuses on the TIR characteristics of grandite-series garnets (i.e., grossular to andradite), which have twin peaks in the 10–13 μm range and a diagnostic absorption valley (T absorption valley) at around 11.5 μm shifting based on the contents of Al 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3. The T absorption valley in the zoned garnet sample showed an undulating pattern, shifting towards longer wavelengths from the core to the rim, indicating the increase in Fe 2 O 3 content and a decrease in Al 2 O 3 , MnO, and TiO 2 content. The mixed spectral features of three significant skarn minerals including garnet, diopside, and wollastonite were used to classify the skarn zonation into garnet skarns, diopside-garnet skarns, and wollastonite-garnet skarns. The results from nine drill holes of the No. 24 exploration line in the cross section showed that the garnet T absorption valley shifted towards shorter wavelengths from the proximal to the distal skarn, as well as from the lower to the upper skarn. Furthermore, intensive copper mineralization occurred in the skarn when the garnet T absorption valley exceeded 11.50 μm. In comparison, the garnet T absorption valley at 11.35–11.50 μm is related to more intense molybdenum mineralization. This study suggests that TIR spectroscopy has the potential to rapidly identify skarn zonation in the field, and providing a suitable vector tool for skarn ore exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]