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Ardisia sadirioides C. M. Hu & L. K. Phan (A. sadirioides) belongs to the Myrsinaceae family, which was first discovered and recorded in Central Vietnam in 2012. There have been no reports on the chemical constituents as well as the biological activity of A. sadirioides. This research aims to identify the chemical compositions and anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil from the leaves of A. sadirioides. The chemical constituents of the essential oil from the leaves of this species were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty compounds were identified corresponding to 93.38% of the oil content; the main compounds found in the essential oil included methyl salicylate (20.62%), palmitic acid (16.01%), and propylcyclopropane (4.94%). Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil on Lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells was investigated by measuring the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine (nitric oxide, NO). The screening for anti-inflammatory activity showed that the essential oil had anti-inflammatory effect as measured by inhibition of NO production with an IC50 value of 19.13 ± 1.01 μg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the chemical composition and anti-osteoporosis activity of the n -hexane extract of Homalomena gigantea rhizome. Sixty compounds, representing 92.0% of the extract, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Linalool (15.3%), oplopanone (9.8%), (Ε)-α-atlantone (5.6%), khusinol acetate (5.4%), bullatantriol (4.3%), and β-sitosterol (3.8%) were the main constituents. The anti-osteoporotic activity of the n -hexane extract was determined by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen content, and the mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. At concentrations of 4.0 and 20.0 µg/mL, the n -hexane extract increased ALP activity by 8.2% and 23.7%, and increased collagen secretion by MC3T3-E1 cells by 114.9% and 112.4%, respectively. At 4 µg/mL, the extract significantly promoted the mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells by as much as 133.2% compared to the negative control. These results suggested that H. gigantea rhizome contains a natural anti-osteoporotic compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]