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New discoveries of oil and gas fields in Indonesia have now shifted into CO2 rich fields. The CO2 will become a major obstacle in developing the fields economically. One of the issues in developing CO2 rich fields is how to dispose the CO2 safely or even adding some value into the disposed CO2. This publication offers an alternative of disposing CO2 from CO2 rich gas fields by injecting it into oil reservoir through CO2−EOR. Despite its urgency, CO2-EOR has not been implemented on a full field scale in Indonesia due to higher price of captured CO2. Therefore, this publication proposes a cluster-based approach to reduce CO2 transportation and compression costs. Based on two gas producing fields, X and Y Field, a classification is then provided by this study to address the suitability of CO2−EOR implementation in the nearby fields. This publication is hoped to become a reference on how to develop cost-efficient CO2−EOR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the slow growth of EOR development in Indonesia, CO2 EOR has recently gained its momentum due to its versatility to diverse reservoir systems in Indonesia. Optimizing CO2 Injection in EOR activity is a must, since no incentive or tax holiday is given in Indonesia for this activity, contrary to the majority of policies around the globe. This study offers an innovative approach of CO2 flooding injection rate determination using closed loop optimization in project economic evaluation. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was implemented as a method of optimizing the injection rate of CO2. These novel algorithms are known and proven to be able to work with massive number of datasets, as well as identifying and separating bad dataset(s). The result is optimum injection rate that brings maximum economic value to the project. Utilization of this method increases the NPV of the project by 10.4% and 12% increase in RF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]