1. Mechanisms of type 2 diabetes resolution after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
- Author
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Elahi D, Galiatsatos P, Rabiee A, Salas-Carrillo R, Vakilipour A, Carlson OD, Angeli FS, Shannon RP, Egan JM, and Andersen DK
- Subjects
- Absorptiometry, Photon, Biomarkers blood, Blood Glucose analysis, Body Composition, Body Mass Index, C-Peptide blood, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Glucagon blood, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 administration & dosage, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 blood, Glucose Clamp Technique, Humans, Insulin blood, Male, Middle Aged, Weight Loss, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 prevention & control, Gastric Bypass methods, Obesity, Morbid surgery
- Abstract
Background: Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for the reduction of weight and resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM). The objective of this study was to longitudinally assess hormonal and tissue responses after RYGB., Methods: Eight patients (5 with T2 DM) were studied before and after RYGB. A standardized test meal (STM) was administered before and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 months. Separately, a 2-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (E-clamp) and a 2-hour hyperglycemic clamp (H-clamp) were performed before and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was infused during the last hour of the H-clamp. Body composition was assessed with DXA methodology., Results: Enrollment body mass index was 49±3 kg/m(2) (X±SE). STM glucose and insulin responses were normalized by 3 and 6 months. GLP-1 level increased dramatically at 1, 3, and 6 months, normalizing by 12 and 15 months. Insulin sensitivity (M of E-clamp) increased progressively at 3-12 months as fat mass decreased. The insulin response to glucose alone fell progressively over 12 months but the glucose clearance/metabolism (M of H-clamp) did not change significantly until 12 months. In response to GLP-1 infusion, insulin levels fell progressively throughout the 12 months., Conclusion: The early hypersecretion of GLP-1 leads to hyperinsulinemia and early normalization of glucose levels. The GLP-1 response normalizes within 1 year after surgery. Enhanced peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin starts at 3 months and is associated with fat mass loss. β-cell sensitivity improves at 12 months and after the loss of ≈33% of excess weight. There is a tightly controlled feedback loop between peripheral tissue sensitivity and β-cell and L-cell (GLP-1) responses., (Copyright © 2014 American Society for Bariatric Surgery. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
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