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It is well known that vitamin D’s general immunomodulatory actions are helpful in viral infections and that a shortage is linked to a more serious prognosis for Covid-19. In this sistematic review, we examined the existing literature on evidence as to whether there is also link between vitamin D range levels in pediatric population and the outcome of the Covid-19 infection. We looked for studies that measured vitamin D blood concentrations and examined the effects of vitamin D supplementation in young infected patients. Vitamin D may decrease the risk of respiratory infections in a number of ways through its interactions with numerous cells, including by decreasing viral survival and replication, reducing the cytokine storm, raising angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 concentrations (ACE2) while not damaging the endothelial integrity. The incidence or severity of Covid-19 is linked with blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, according to many observational studies. However experimental verification is still needed. Given their safety and broad therapeutic window, vitamin D supplements seem to be an effective way for individuals and doctors to prevent or treat Covid-19. Nonetheless, the outcomes of significant vitamin D randomized controlled trials are further needed.

Background: Cystic fibrosis was considered a fatal condition years ago but, nowadays, it can have a favorable evolution if diagnosed and treated early. Objective: Screening clinical aspects of patients suspected for cystic fibrosis and later diagnosed by means of specific sweat and genetic tests. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was performed on 13 patients during five years, between 2015-2020 from the Pediatric Clinic of the Emergency County Hospital in Constanta. Results: There were five patients present in ΔF508 homozygous form, which it seems to be the most frequent mutation, translated by the deletion of phenylalanine at position 508. Among the heterozygous patients, 2 patients aged 10 and 14 years have the ΔF508 del 2.3 mutation; a 10-year-old patient has the mutation ΔF508, 2183 AA>G; a 7-year-old patient has the ΔF508 R553X mutation; a 7-year-old patient has the N1303K, 394del TT mutation; a 1-year-old patient is heterozygous for the 394del TT and R347P mutations, a 3-year-old patient has the compound mutation ΔF508del and R334W, and finally, we find a 2-year-old patient heterozygous for the Δ508 mutation. Ten from 11 patients were diagnosed in the first year of life by performing the sweat test, and 2 patients based on the genetic test. In 30% of cases the onset manifestation were represented by diarrhea and growth failure, and 38% of cases had added respiratory manifestation. Singular manifestations such as respiratory disease, or respiratory disease accompanied by loss of appetite and growth failure, or chronic cough and steatorrhea followed by growth failure occurred in 8% each. If not properly diagnosed and treated, cystic fibrosis can put the patient’s life at risk. The analysis between an early diagnosis and the decrease of the incidence in pulmonary complications with pathogenic agents was statistically significant.

Among adolescents, acute intoxications caused by drugs as well as intoxications caused by toxic substances make up an important chapter of emergency pediatric pathology. We conducted a retrospective study carried out for a period of 1 year, 2021–2022, which included a number of 37 patients, admitted in the Pediatric Clinic of the County Clinical Hospital “Sfântul Apostol Andrei” Constanța. Out of the total of admissions during a 12 months period, 0,5% consisted in acute intoxications in adolescents. There is a higher tendency for substance intoxication in females (65,5% of total cases). There is a higher tendency for adolescents with suicide ideation to use substances in order to end their life because of multiple risk factors, mental health disorders putting them at a higher risk to attempt suicide. Alcohol is widely used.

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is a gastrointestinal condition that affects newborns and young infants and is characterized by progressive, non-bilious projectile vomiting. This study aimed to investigate the demographics and clinical manifestations of HPS. A retrospective, non-randomized study was conducted over a period of three years (2019-2022) and included 29 patients diagnosed with HPS at the Pediatric Clinic of the County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta. The results showed a significant male predilection, with a ratio of 1:4.8, and a seasonal variation with a higher incidence of HPS in the summer months. The primary symptom of HPS was non-bilious forceful vomiting after feeding, observed in nearly all cases. Other symptoms included dehydration, stagnation and decrease in weight. The thickness of the pyloric muscle was measured using ultrasonography and was found to be an average of 54.5 mm, with a range between 30 mm and 79 mm, which is considered a strong indication of HPS. This study highlights the importance of considering HPS as a possible diagnosis in newborns and young infants presenting with symptoms of projectile vomiting, and emphasizes the need for further research into the seasonal variation of HPS and its underlying causes.