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Throughout history, social events in different parts of the world for different reasons have brought along many changes and transformations. With the emergence of nation states, the internal fragility of the nation states has increased as a result of the drawing of new borders and the coexistence of different social, cultural, religious and economic groups within these borders. One of these countries is Iran. The fact that it has a wide variety of racial, linguistic, sect and economic groups and that it stands out with the Sunni states as the representative of Shiite Theopolitics in the Middle East and its opposition to the USA and Israel increases the risk of internal fragility, both internal and external support of Iran. Today, many different parameters can play a role in the basis of social movements that started largely on an economic basis. In this study, together with Iran's ethnic, linguistic and sectarian diversity, parameters such as the general poverty level of the people and the distribution of oil resources by the provinces were evaluated together with the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method and a provincial-based possible internal conflict risk map of Iran was created.

New eight-coordinate Sm(III) complexes have been synthesized by diketone ligand having different substituent groups and 1,10-phenanthroline. Structural parameters of complex [Sm(BCP-PPon)(3)(Phen)] were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. Also, geometry optimization of the complexes were performed and compared with experimental data. In addition to photoluminescence properties of the Sm(III) complexes, elemental analysis, UV-Vis, FT-IR, MALDI-TOF MS methods were used to investigate of their structural properties. Synthesis studies, structure and luminescence of Sm(III) complexes of the type [Sm(MPBP-PPon)(3)(Phen)], [Sm(BMP-PPon)(3)(Phen)]center dot 2H(2)O, [Sm(BCP-PPon)(3)(Phen)] ([MPBP-PPon = 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-1,3-propanedione; BMP-PPon = 1,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanedione; BCP-PPon = 1,3-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-propanedione and Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline]) were reported in detail. The two types of intermolecular interactions (C-H center dot center dot center dot O) and (C-H center dot center dot center dot Cl) were observed in the structure of the complex [Sm(BCP-PPon)(3)(Phen)]. It was observed that the bond lengths' and angles' results obtained theoretically of the complex were in harmony with experimental data.

Two polydentade Schiff base ligands and their Ru(III), Cr(III) and Fe(III) complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis (C, H, N), UV/Vis, FT IR, 1H and 13C NMR, LC–MS/MS, molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility techniques. The absorption bands in the electronic spectra and magnetic moment measurements verified an octahedral environment around the metal ions in the complexes. The thermal stabilities were investigated using TGA. The synthesized complexes were used in the catalytic oxidation of 2-methyl naphthalene (2MN) to 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone; vitamin K3, menadione, 2MNQ; using hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid and sulfuric acid. L1-Fe(III) complex showed very efficient catalytic activity with 58.54% selectivity in the conversions of 79.11%. Keywords: Schiff base, Ru(III), Cr(III) and Fe(III) complexes, Catalyst, Vitamin K, Menadione

Two novel tridentate SNS pincer type ligands, 2,6-bis[[(2 $$^\prime $$ -methoxyphenyl)thio]methyl]pyridine (L1) and 2,6-bis[[(2 $$^\prime $$ -chlorophenyl)thio]methyl]pyridine (L2), each possessing two sulfur and one nitrogen donor functionalities (SNS), based on 2,6-bis(thioether)pyridine ligands were prepared and metallised with $$\hbox {CuCl}_{2}\cdot 2\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}$$ and $$\hbox {FeCl}_{2}\cdot 4\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}$$ metal salts. Two new unanticipated complexes were obtained from the L2 ligand, the dimeric bidentate Cu(I) complex $$[\mathbf{Cu}_{\mathbf{2}}({\varvec{\upkappa }}^{\mathbf{2}}\mathbf{-L2})_{\mathbf{2}}{} \mathbf{Cl}_{\mathbf{2}}]$$ and tridentate Fe(II) complex $$[\mathbf{Fe}({\varvec{\upkappa }}^{\mathbf{3}}{} \mathbf{-L2})\mathbf{Cl}_{\mathbf{2}}]$$ while two new tridentate pincer-type complexes M( $$\upkappa ^{3}$$ -L1) $$\hbox {Cl}_{2}$$ ] ( $$\hbox {M} = \hbox {Cu},\hbox { Fe}$$ ) were formed from the L1 ligand. It was observed that the structure of this Cu(I) complex has a tetrahedral geometry using single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In addition, catalytic properties of metal complexes towards the formation of cyclic carbonates from $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ and epoxides were investigated. The less sterically hindered Fe(II) complex with the L1 ligand $$[\mathbf{Fe}({\varvec{\upkappa }}^{\mathbf{3}}\mathbf{-L1})\mathbf{Cl}_{\mathbf{2}}]$$ (2) showed the best catalytic activity. Several parameters including temperature, time, epoxide identity and $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ pressure were investigated to find the optimum catalytic reaction conditions. Moreover, DFT studies of these compounds are presented in the study. Two novel tridentate SNS pincer type ligands and their metal complexes were synthesized and characterized. In addition, the catalytic properties of the metal complexes towards the formation of cyclic carbonates from $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ and epoxides were investigated. The less sterically hindered [Fe( $$\upkappa ^{3}$$ -L1) $$\hbox {Cl}_{2}$$ ] (2) showed the best catalytic activity. Several parameters including temperature, time, epoxide identity and $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ pressure were investigated to find the optimum catalytic reaction conditions. Moreover, DFT studies of these compounds are presented in the study.

Zengin, Gulay/0000-0001-5454-006X WOS: 000441789200035 This study includes the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical analysis and photoluminescence properties of a Schiff base ligand bearing a pyrimidine ring and its Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Pd(II) metal complexes. The Schiff base ligand was derived from the condensation reaction of a pyrimidine amine with 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde. The structures were characterized using FT-IR, UV-Vis, elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility and electrolytic conductivity. The ligand and its metal complexes displayed strong violet emissions upon UV exposure. The photoluminescence quantum yield and excited-state decay were measured for the ligand and its complexes. The excited-state lifetime for the ligand was 3.70 ns and its quantum yield of luminescence was found to be 0.40. A reduction in photoluminescence intensity and quantum yield was observed upon metal ion complexation. The compounds synthesized were studied by cyclic voltammetry to probe the existence of electrochemical reduction and oxidation processes.

A new N-carboxamide compound (3) was synthesized by the reaction of dibenzoylaceticacid-$N$-carboxyethyla\-mide (1) and 3,4-dichloroaniline (2). The $N$-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-oxo-3-phenyl-2-(phenylcarbonyl) propanamide (3) subsequently reacted with Cu salt to produce its Cu(II) complex compound (4). The compounds were characterized by analytical and spectral methods. In addition, X-ray diffraction was performed to characterize and obtain detailed information about the structure of 3. The fully optimized geometries of compounds 3 and 4 were calculated at different basis sets by using the Gaussian09 (G09) software to investigate their 3D geometries and electronic structures. Comparisons between the calculated and experimental data including molecular structures, fundamental vibrational modes, and electronic properties were made. The comparisons showed that the theoretical data were compatible with the corresponding experimental values of compounds 3 and 4.

Metal complexes of 1-aminopyrimidine-2(1H)-thione were prepared from acetate salts of Co(II), Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) in methanol. Electronic spectral data and magnetic moment measurements suggest mononuclear square planar geometrical structures for the metal complexes. The ligand and all the metal complexes were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. The newly synthesised ligand and the Co(II) complex showed moderate activity against all tested bacteria and yeast strains.

A series of amide ligands was prepared by the reactions of 5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-2,3-furandione and aromatic amines. The ligands reacted with Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions to yield mononuclear complexes. The ligands and complexes were characterised by elemental analyses, mass, FTIR, UV-vis, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral studies, as well as magnetic moment, AAS and conductance measurements as appropriate

In the title compound, C19H17NO5, the dihedral angle between the phenyl groups is 79.55 (15)°. The terminal ethoxy group is disordered over two orientations in a 0.873 (6):0.127 (6) ratio. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds into [001] chains which incorporateR12(6) loops. A very weak C—H...π contact also occurs.