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Laser hot wire cladding is an efficient and energy-saving additive manufacturing process, which is used in coating, repair, and 3D printing. In this study, 308L stainless steel wire was deposited on the low carbon steel substrate using Laser hot wire cladding technology. The microstructure evolution and microhardness changes in the heat-affected zone of the substrate and the cladding layer near the laser cladding interface were studied in detail by using optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction and microhardness tests. The phase transformations and the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of the cladding layer were discussed. Owing to the dual effect of temperature gradient and cooling rate, the grain morphology in the central region of the cladding layer is equiaxed, while the edge region is mostly columnar dendritic morphology along the structural direction. There is a dilution zone composed of single austenite near the interface of the cladding layer. In the cladding layer, the ferrite-austenite solidification mode is dominant, and the austenite-ferrite solidification mode is also found in local areas. The carbon migration process from the substrate to the cladding layer promotes the austenite-ferrite mode. The heat-affected zone microstructure consists mainly of ferrite and tempered bainite, and slatted martensite can be observed near the interface. The electron backscatter diffraction results demonstrate the existence of martensite in the heat-affected zone. The texture is more apparent in the cladding layer, while the heat-affected zone contains more residual strain and higher dislocation density. The average grain size in the heat-affected zone region is about 4 μm, while the average grain size in the cladding layer is above 14 μm. The hardness of the heat-affected zone near the interface is the highest due to numerous factors, such as grain size, microstructure transformation and dislocation density. The yield strength increases with the decrease of grain size and texture strength, demonstrating the correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties.

The title compound, C44H42N4O5S, was synthesized by the inter­molecular [3+2] cyclo­addition of an azomethine ylide, derived from isatin and sarcosine by a deca­rboxylative route, and 5-(4-methoxyphen­yl-10-(4-methoxy)benzyl­idene-2-(4-methoxy)benzyl­idene-2,3,6,7,8,9-hexa­hydro-5H,10H-cyclohepta­[1,2-d]thia­zolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-3-one. In the mol­ecule, the two spiro junctions link a planar 2-oxindole ring, a pyrrolidine ring in an envelope conformation and a 10-(aryl­methyl­ene)hexa­hydro­cyclo­hepta­[1,2-d]thia­zolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-3-one ring. The packing of the mol­ecules in the crystal structure is mainly governed by N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds.

The structure of the centrosymmetric title compound, C8H6Cl2N2O2·2C3H7NO, shows that the hydro­ximo­yl chloride substituent has an essentially planar arrangement and the dihedral angle between this plane and the benzene plane is 18.3 (4)°. The hydro­ximo­yl chloride group has a cis configuration. The packing can be described as a polymeric arrangement of mol­ecules linked through O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

The title compound, C13H10N2O2, is approximately planar in the solid state and displays a trans configuration with respect to the azo double bond. Molecules form infinite chains linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds along the a axis.

The title compound, C41H32Cl4N4O2S, was synthesized by the inter­molecular [3 + 2] cyclo­addition of azomethine ylide, derived from isatin and sarcosine by a deca­rboxylative route, and 5-(4-chloro)phen­yl-10-(4-chloro)benzyl­idene-2-(2,4-dichloro)­benzyl­idene-2,3,6,7,8,9-hexa­hydro-5H,10H-cyclohepteno[1,2-d]thia­zolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-3-one. In the mol­ecule, the two spiro junctions link a planar 2-oxindole ring, a pyrrolidine ring in an envelope conformation and a 10-(aryl­methyl­ene)hexa­hydro­cyclo­hepteno[1,2-d]thia­zolo­[3,2-a]­pyrimidin-3-one ring. The packing of the mol­ecules in the crystal structure is mainly due to N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

The crystal structure of the title compound, C17H12N2O2·C10H8O, shows that the mol­ecules are effectively planar in the solid state and the compound exists in the hydrazone form and not the azo form. The hydrazone H atom and carbonyl O atom are linked by an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. The 2-naphthol molecules are disordered over inversion centres, the asymmetric unit containing half each of two such molecules. The packing can be described as a polymeric arrangement of mol­ecules linked through O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

The title compound, C13H11N3O, is essentially planar in the solid state and displays a trans configuration with respect to the azo double bond. The dihedral angle between the planes of the two aromatic rings is 4.9 (4)°. Mol­ecules form infinite chains via N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

The title compound, C15H5Cl4NO3, was synthesized from tetra­chloro­phthalic anhydride and 4-amino­benz­aldehyde. In the mol­ecule, the tetra­chloro­phthal­imide unit is nearly planar and makes a dihedral angle of 56.20 (3)° with the benzene ring.

The title compound, C15H9NO3, was synthesized from phthalic anhydride and 4-amino­benz­aldehyde. The dihedral angle between the planes of the phthal­imide moiety and the benzene ring is 56.22 (2)°.

The title compound, [Co2(C2H3O2)4(C13H12N2OS)2], is a binuclear complex, which occupies a special position at an inversion centre. Each Co atom has a distorted octahedral coordination, which involves four O atoms of four μ-acetate groups [Co—O = 1.9617 (19)–1.977 (2) A] and the N atom of the 2-benzyl­idene-6,7-di­hydro-5H-thia­zolo­[3,2-a]­pyrimidin-3-one ligand [Co—N = 2.214 (2) A]; the coordination octahedron is completed by the Co—Co bond of 2.6708 (8) A.

The title compound, C27H20Cl2N2O3S, was synthesized by the reaction of ethyl 2-mercapto-4-methyl-6-(2,6-di­chloro­phenyl)-1,6-di­hydro-pyrimidine-5-carboxyl­ate, ethyl chloro­acetate and aldehyde in acetic acid and acetic anhydride. In the mol­ecule, the thia­zolo­[3,2-a]­pyrimidine and naphthalene systems are essentially coplanar, with a dihedral angle between the combined plane and the mean plane of the benzene ring of the 2,6-di­chloro­phenyl substituent of 94.7 (4)°.

The title compound, C23H18Cl2N2O3S·CH2Cl2, was synthesized by heating ethyl 2-mercapto-4-methyl-6-phenyl-1,6-di­hydro­pyrimidine-5-carboxyl­ate, ethyl chloro­acetate and 2,4-di­chloro­benz­aldehyde in ethanol. In the mol­ecule, the nearly planar thia­zole ring is fused with a di­hydro­pyrimidine ring in a boat conformation.

The title complex, [ZnFe2(C5H5)2(C8H9N3S)2]·0.5C4H8O, is a Schiff base chelate. It consists of one zinc cation and two ligand anions, the cation being tetrahedrally coordinated by one N atom and one S atom from each ligands, thus forming two orthogonal five-membered chelate rings related to each other by the twofold rotation axis passing through Zn.