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This research is inspired by teachers’ current state which is demanded to have competencies in designing effective and meaningful learning, fun, organizing the learning well, choosing the right approach or learning model so students can actively learn and create a student-centered learning. It is expected to enhance the competence of social attitudes, spiritual attitudes, knowledge, and skills. The enhancement itself can be seen through the results of the learning assessment. This study intends to see the implementation of active learning through the application of Pancasila and Civics education models at SMK Negeri Pancatengah which can improve students' spiritual and social competences. This research is based on Piaget and Vygotsky’s constructivist learning theory, Active Learning from Silberman (2014:9), Active Learning from Warsono (2013:5), Attitude theory from Mar’at (1982:13), the concept of social and spiritual attitudes from Mulyasa (2015:17). The approach used in this research is qualitative with descriptive method. The process of collecting data is conducted through observation, interview, documentation study, and literature study. Meanwhile, the stages of data analysis are in the form of data collection, data presentation, data reduction, and data verification/conclusion. The results of the study found by the researcher stated that the teacher has understood the concept and implementation of active learning by practicing it in the application of some active learning models such as problem-based learning, Inquiry Learning, Discovery Learning, and Project-Based Learning. Active learning plan has been carried out thoroughly. In the implementation of active learning, the teacher has demonstrated the step of applying the active learning model systematically. The implementation of the learning assessment has shown objective results in line with the improvement of students’ competencies of spiritual and social attitudes. In its implementation, the supports and challenges are not very influential so the implementation of active learning shows the success of improvement towards the competence of students' attitude. Recommendations from this study include: First, The school continually provides moral and material support, especially in terms of improving teachers' understanding of the concepts and principles of active learning, Second, The teacher is expected to be aware of models and learning strategies by growing the desire to be a learner teacher. Third, The school continues to cultivate the application of learning models and provide flexibility to teachers and students for learning innovation. Fourth: Encourage teachers to conduct classroom research or other research.

Root zone geometry research is usually done in a conventional way which is destructive, time-consuming, and requires a considerable cost. Several non-destructive measurements used geophysical methods have been developed, one of which is the Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) method. Tree root zone determination using ERT has been carried out in Kiara Payung area, Sumedang, West Java, with Maesopsis eminii tree as the object study. A total of 29 ERT lines were measured using dipoledipole configuration with electrodes spacing of 50 cm. The results of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) inversion modeling show that the ERT method has been successfully imaging the tree root zone. The root zone is characterized as 100-700 Ωm with an elliptical shape geometry of the root plate. The root radius is estimated to be 4-5 m from the stem, the root zone diameter reaches 8-9 m at the shallow soil surface and the root zone depth is approximately 2-2.5 m. ABSTRAK Pencitraan geometri zona perakaran pohon menggunakan electrical resistivity tomography. Penelitian geometri zona perakaran biasa dilakukan dengan cara konvensional yang destruktif, memakan waktu, dan membutuhkan biaya yang tidak sedikit. Beberapa pengukuran non-destruktif menggunakan metode geofisika telah dikembangkan, salah satunya adalah metode Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). Penentuan zona perakaran pohon menggunakan metode ERT telah dilakukan di daerah Kiara Payung, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, dengan pohon Maesopsis eminii sebagai objek studi. Sebanyak 29 lintasan ERT diukur menggunakan konfigurasi dipole-dipole pada dengan jarak antar elektroda 50 cm. Hasil pemodelan inversi dua dimensi (2D) dan tiga dimensi (3D) menunjukkan bahwa metode ERT telah berhasil mencitrakan zona perakaran pohon. Zona perakaran teridentifikasi berada pada nilai resistivitas 100-700 Ωm dengan root plate dan root cross-sections berbentuk elips. Radius akar diperkirakan sejauh 4-5 m dari pangkal batang, sedangkan diameter zona perakaran mencapai sekitar 8-9 m di permukaan tanah dangkal dan kedalaman zona perakaran diperkirakan antara ~2-2.5 m.

Daerah Karaha-Talaga Bodas, yang terletak di kawasan Utara Gunung Galunggung, Tasikmalaya diduga memiliki prospek panas bumi, dengan adanya manifestasi permukaan berupa fumarol dan mata air panas. Metode Magnetotelurik (MT) diaplikasikan untuk mengidentifikasi struktur resistivitas bawah permukaan yang terkait dengan sistem panas bumi. Pengolahan data MT dilakukan melalui beberapa tahap, yaitu transformasi Fourier , seleksi crosspower , analisis rotasi, analisis kontak vertikal dan inversi dengan hasil akhir berupa model sebaran 2D. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukan adanya lapisan konduktif dengan nilai resistivitas 1-10 Ohm.m, yang diduga berperan sebagai lapisan penudung. Zona reservoir berupa daerah dengan nilai resistivitas 10-100 Ohm.m. Nilai resistivitas yang lebih besar dari 100 Ohm.m berkorelasi dengan batuan beku yang biasa dianggap sebagai sumber panas. Interpretasi hasil pengolahan data MT diintegrasikan dengan informasi geologi untuk mendapatkan gambaran sistem Panas Bumi Karaha-Talaga Bodas . The area of Karaha-Talaga Bodas, at the north of Mount Galunggung, Tasikmalaya, was expected to have a geothermal prospect due to several surface manifestations of fumaroles and hot springs. The Magnetotelluric method (MT) was then applied in this area to identify the subsurface resistivity structure related to the geothermal system. The MT data processing included Fourier transform, crossover selection, rotation analysis, vertical contact analysis, and inversion, with the result of a 2D resistivity model. The resistivity model indicated the existence of a conductive layer with the resistivity value of 1-10 Ohm.m, which could be a caprock. The reservoir zone is the area with the resistivity value of 10-100 Ohm.m. The resistivity value greater than 100 Ohm.m correlates with the basement, that acted as the heat source. Interpretation of the MT model was then integrated with the geological information to get an overview of the Karaha-Talaga Bodas geothermal system.

The Guci and Kalipedes hot springs, in northwestern slope of Mount Slamet, Central Java appears on the contact between volcanic breccia rocks with lava flows. The hot springs is located on a structure lineament or fault, west-east trending for Kalipedes hot springs and Northwest-Southeast lineament direction for Guci hot springs. The Baturaden hot springs located at the southeast slope of Mt. Slamet appear on the contact between polimicbreccia with lava in a relatively northwest-southeast trending river valley. Breccia rocks generally have higher permeability compare to relatively impermeable lava flows. Volcanic rocks in the study area composed by olivine basalt, basaltic andesites, pyroxen andesite with fairly high potassium content or as calc alkaline basalt or andesite affinity. The presence of the main structure controlling the appearance of hot springs evidenced by radonstudies that show a high radon value to > 40 bpm/L showed high permeability that is interpreted as a weak zone due to the of the geological structure or fault activities in Kalipedes and Guci areas while in the Baturaden, the radon content is relatively low so that estimated the main control of the hotspring is permeability differences. The presence of the geological structure or the faults could be proven through magnetotelluric research. Abstrak Mata air panas Kalipedes dan Guci di lereng baratlaut Gunung Slamet, Jawa Tengah muncul pada kontak antara batuan breksi gunungapi dengan aliran lava. Mataair panas tersebut terletak pada suatu kelurusan struktur atau sesar berarah barat-timur untuk mataair panas Kalipedes dan kelurusan berarah baratlaut-tenggara untuk mataair panas Guci. Mataair panas Baturaden yang terletak di kaki tenggara G. Slamet muncul pada kontak antara breksi polimik dengan lava pada suatu lembah sungai yang berarah relatif baratlaut-tenggara. Batuan breksi umumnya memiliki tingkat kelulusan fluida yang tinggi sedangkan aliran lava relatif kedap fluida. Batuan gunungapi di daerah penelitian disusun oleh basal olivin, andesit basaltik, andesit piroksin dengan kandungan kalium cukup tinggi atau berafinitas sebagai basal atau andesit kalk alkalin. Kehadiran struktur utama pengontrol pemunculan mataair panas dibuktikan dengan penelitian gas radon yang menunjukkan nilai radon yang cukup tinggi sampai tinggi >40 dpm/L dan kelulusan fluida yang tinggi yang ditafsirkan sebagai zona lemah akibat kegiatan struktur geologi di kawasan Kalipedes dan Guci,sedangkan di daerah Baturaden nilai gas radon relatif rendah sehingga diperkirakan kontrol utama pemunculan mataair panas adalah perbedaan kesarangan batuan. Kehadiran struktur geologi atau sesar-sesar tersebut dapat dibuktikan melalui penelitian magnetotelurik.

Bandung area, as one of most populated area in Indonesia and one region with a high risk of earthquake hazard, needs a comprehensive mitigation work. To locate active faults is one of the most important things in preliminary survey for earthquake hazard mitigation effort. Accordingly, two transect lines of gravity measurement were completed across a suspected active fault, Haruman Fault, at the east of Bandung Basin region. The subsurface modeling has presented a general idea of geological subsurface structure of this transects area and indicates the possible existences of faults at the east boundary of Bandung-Garut Basin.