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The concept of Γ α , β -BE-algebra is introduced as a generalization of a Γ α -BE-algebra and a Γ β -BE-algebra and its properties are studied. We introduced the concepts of α , β -subalgebra and α , β -filter of a Γ α , β -BE-algebra and discussed the relation between these two concepts. We provided conditions for an α , β -subalgebra to be an α , β -filter. We provided equivalent conditions for the formation of an α , β -filter from a nonempty subset of a Γ α , β -BE-algebra. We introduced the concept of α , β -atomic Γ α , β -BE-algebra and studied its properties. We introduced the concept of atomic α , β -filter a Γ α , β -BE-algebra and gave the necessary and sufficient condition for an α , β -filter to be atomic.

As a generalization of BE-algebras, the pseudo BE-algebra was introduced by Borzooei et al., and the notions of pseudo subalgebras and pseudo filters in pseudo BE-algebras were defined, and some related properties were investigated. In order to further study pseudo subalgebras and pseudo filters in pseudo BE-algebras, concepts of pseudo atom, atomic pseudo BE-algebra, and atomic pseudo filter are introduced and related studies are conducted. The conditions under which pseudo-filters can be created using a nonempty set, and the conditions under which non-unit elements can be pseudo-atoms are explored. Characterization of atomic pseudo BE-algebra is discussed, and conditions are provided under which pseudo subalgebra can be pseudo filters. The relationship between a set of pseudo atoms and a pseudo subalgebra is considered, and the conditions under which a pseudo filter can be atomic are found.

The notion of a subnexus based on ${\mathcal{N}}$-function (briefly, ${\mathcal{N}}$-subnexus) is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Also, the notions of ${\mathcal{N}}$-subnexus of type $(\alpha, \beta)$, where $(\alpha, \beta)$ is $(\in, \in)$, $(\in, q)$, $(\in, \in\! \vee \, {q})$, $(q, \in)$, $(q,q)$, $(q, \in\! \vee \, {q})$, $(\overline{\in}, \overline{\in})$ and $(\overline{\in}, \overline{\in} \vee \overline{q})$, are introduced, and their basic properties are investigated. Conditions for an ${\mathcal{N}}$-structure to be an ${\mathcal{N}}$-subnexus of type $(q, \in\! \vee \, {q})$ are given, and characterizations of ${\mathcal{N}}$-subnexus of type $(\in, \in\! \vee \, {q})$ and $(\overline{\in}, \overline{\in} \vee \overline{q})$ are provided. Homomorphic image and preimage of ${\mathcal{N}}$-subnexus are discussed.

The concept of a neutrosophic set, which is a generalization of an intuitionistic fuzzy set and a para consistent set etc., was introduced by F. Smarandache. Since then, it has been studied in various applications. In considering a generalization of the neutrosophic set, Mohseni Takallo et al. used the interval valued fuzzy set as the indeterminate membership function because interval valued fuzzy set is a generalization of a fuzzy set, and introduced the notion of MBJ-neutrosophic sets, and then they applied it to BCK/BCI-algebras. The aim of this paper is to apply the concept of MBJ-neutrosophic sets to a $ BE $-algebra, which is a generalization of a BCK-algebra. The notions of MBJ-neutrosophic subalgebras and MBJ-neutrosophic filters of $ BE $-algebras are introduced and related properties are investigated. The conditions under which the MBJ-neutrosophic set can be a MBJ-neutrosophic subalgebra/filter are searched. Characterizations of MBJ-neutrosophic subalgebras and MBJ-neutrosophic filters are considered. The relationship between an MBJ-neutrosophic subalgebra and an MBJ-neutrosophic filter is established.

In the paper [J. Ghosh and T.K. Samanta, Hyperfuzzy sets and hyperfuzzy group, Int. J. Advanced Sci Tech. 41 (2012), 27–37], Ghosh and Samanta introduced the concept of hyperfuzzy sets as a generalization of fuzzy sets and interval-valued fuzzy sets and applied it to group theory. The aim of this manuscript is to study N-structures in BCK\BCI-algebras induced from hyperfuzzy structures.

The concept of a commutative soju ideal in a BCK-algebra and a BCI-algebra is introduced, and their properties are investigated. The relationship between a soju ideal and a commutative soju ideal are discussed, and examples to show that any soju ideal may not be a commutative soju ideal are provided. Conditions for a soju ideal to be a commutative soju ideal are considered, and characterizations of a commutative soju ideal are studied. A new commutative soju ideal using the given commutative soju ideal is maded, and the extension property for a commutative soju ideal is established. A commutative soju ideal is established by using a commutative ideal of a BCI-algebra. The notion of a closed soju ideal in a BCI-algebra is also introduced, and it is used in studying the characterization of a commutative soju ideal.

The notion of strong GE-filters and GE-ideals (generated) is introduced, and the related properties are investigated. The intersection of strong GE-filters (resp., GE-ideals) is proved to be a strong GE-filter (resp., GE-ideal), and the union of strong GE-filters (resp., GE-ideals) is generally not a strong GE-filters (resp., GE-ideal) by example. Conditions for a subset of a bordered GE-algebra to be a strong GE-filter are provided, and a characterization of a strong GE-filter is considered. In order to do so, irreducible GE-filter is defined first and its properties are examined. Conditions for a GE-filter to be irreducible are discussed. Given a GE-filter, and a subset in a bordered GE-algebra, the existence of an irreducible GE-filter, which contains the given GE-filter and is disjoint to the given subset, is considered. Conditions under which any subset of a bordered GE-algebra can be a GE-ideal are provided, and GE-ideal that is generated from a subset in a bordered GE-algebra is discussed. Also, what element it is formed into is stated. Finally, the smallest GE-ideal which contains a given GE-ideal and an element in a bordered GE-algebra is established.

Relations between a transitive GE-algebra, a belligerent GE-algebra, an antisymmetric GE-algebra, and a left exchangeable GE-algebra are displayed. A new substructure, so called imploring GE-filter, is introduced, and its properties are investigated. The relationship between a GE-filter, an imploring GE-filter, a belligerent GE-filter, and a prominent GE-filter are considered. Conditions for an imploring GE-filter to be a belligerent GE-filter are given, and the conditions necessary for a (belligerent) GE-filter to be an imploring GE-filter are found. Relations between a prominent GE-filter and an imploring GE-filter are discussed, and a condition for an imploring GE-filter to be a prominent GE-filter is provided. Examples to show that a belligerent GE-filter and a prominent GE-filer are independent concepts are given. The extension property of the imploring GE-filter is established.

The relationship between a transitive GE-algebra and a belligerent GE-algebra (also, between an antisymmetric GE-algebra and a left exchangeable GE-algebra) is displayed. A condition for the trivial GE-filter to be a belligerent GE-filter is provided. The least GE-filter containing a given GE-filter and one element is formed. Conditions under which any set can be turned into a GE-filter are described. The notions of $$\odot $$ -GE-algebras and prominent GE-filters are introduced, and their properties are investigated. The relationship between a prominent GE-filter and a GE-filter are considered, and conditions for a GE-filter and the trivial GE-filter to be a prominent GE-filter are given. The conditions under which the upset of an element will be a prominent GE-filter are examined, and the extension property for the prominent GE-filter is established. The notion of GE-morphism is introduced, and the GE-morphism theorem is considered. Conditions for the kernel of a GE-morphism to be a belligerent GE-filter are provided, and the condition that if the kernel of a GE-morphism is a belligerent GE-filter, then the trivial GE-filter becomes a belligerent GE-filter is given. A condition for the kernel of a GE-morphism to be a belligerent GE-filter is discussed, and the vice versa is also considered.

The concepts of (commutative, transitive, left exchangeable, belligerent, antisymmetric) interior GE-algebras and bordered interior GE-algebras are introduced, and their relations and properties are investigated. Many examples are given to support these concepts. A semigroup is formed using the set of interior GE-algebras. An example is given that the set of interior GE-algebras is not a GE-algebra. It is clear that ifXis a transitive (resp., commutative, belligerent, and left exchangeable) GE-algebra, then the interior GE-algebraX,fis transitive (resp., commutative, belligerent, and left exchangeable), but examples are given to show that the converse is not true in general. An interior GE-algebra is constructed using a bordered interior GE-algebra with certain conditions, and an example is given to explain this.

The MBJ-neutrosophic set is applied to the implicative ideal of BCK-algebra to introduce the concept of implicative MBJ-neutrosophic ideal. Several properties are investigated. The relationship between implicative MBJ-neutrosophic ideal and each MBJ-neutrosophic subalgebra, (positive implicative, commutative) MBJ-neutrosophic ideal is established. Conditions for MBJ-neutrosophic subalgebra (resp., MBJ-neutrosophic ideal, positive implicative MBJ-neutrosophic ideal and commutative MBJ-neutrosophic ideal) to be implicative MBJ-neutrosophic ideal are provided. Characterizations of implicative MBJ-neutrosophic ideal are discussed.

The concept of a prominent interior GE-filter (of type 1 and type 2) is introduced, and their properties are investigated. The relationship between a prominent GE-filter and a prominent interior GE-filter and the relationship between an interior GE-filter and a prominent interior GE-filter are discussed. Examples to show that any interior GE-filter is not a prominent interior GE-filter and any prominent GE-filter is not a prominent interior GE-filter are provided. Conditions for an interior GE-filter to be a prominent interior GE-filter are given. Also, conditions under which an internal GE-filter larger than a given internal GE filter can become a prominent internal GE-filter are considered, and an example describing it is given. The relationship between a prominent interior GE-filter and a prominent interior GE-filter of type 1 is discussed.

The concept of an imploring interior GE-filter is introduced, and their properties are investigated. The relationship between an interior GE-filter and an imploring interior GE-filter are discussed. Example to show that any interior GE-filter is not an imploring interior GE-filter is provided. Conditions for an interior GE-filter to be an imploring interior GE-filter are given. Examples to show that an imploring interior GE-filter is independent to a belligerent interior GE-filter are provided. Conditions for an imploring interior GE-filter to be a belligerent interior GE-filter are given. The relationship between imploring interior GE-filter and prominent interior GE-filter are discussed. Example to show that any imploring interior GE-filter is not a prominent interior GE-filter is provided. Conditions for an imploring interior GE-filter to be a prominent interior GE-filter are given. Also, conditions under which an interior GE-filter larger than a given interior GE-filter can become an imploring interior GE-filter are considered.

In this paper, we define the notions of intuitionistic fuzzy filters and intuitionistic fuzzy implicative (positive implicative, fantastic) filters on hoops. Then we show that all intuitionistic fuzzy filters make a bounded distributive lattice. Also, by using intuitionistic fuzzy filters we introduce a relation on hoops and show that it is a congruence relation, then we prove that the algebraic structure made by it is a hoop. Finally, we investigate the conditions that quotient structure will be different algebras of logics such as Brouwerian semilattice, Heyting algebra and Wajesberg hoop.

The notion of MBJ-neutrosophic ideal is introduced, and its properties are investigated. Conditions for an MBJ-neutrosophic set to be an MBJ-neutrosophic ideal are provided. In a BCK/BCI-algebra, a condition for an MBJ-neutrosophic set to be an MBJ-neutrosophic ideal is given. In a BCK-algebra, a condition for an MBJ-neutrosophic subalgebra to be an MBJ-neutrosophic ideal is given. In a BCI-algebra, conditions for an MBJ-neutrosophic ideal to be an MBJ-neutrosophic subalgebra are considered. In an (S)-BCK-algebra, we show that every MBJ-neutrosophic ideal is an MBJ-neutrosophic ∘-subalgebra, and a characterization of an MBJ-neutrosophic ideal is established.

As a generalization of a neutrosophic set, the notion of MBJ-neutrosophic sets is introduced by Mohseni Takallo, Borzooei and Jun, and it is applied to BCK/BCI-algebras. In this article, MBJ-neutrosophic set is used to study commutative ideal in BCI-algebras. The concept of closed MBJ-neutrosophic ideal and commutative MBJ-neutrosophic ideal is introduced and their properties and relationships are studied. The conditions for an MBJ-neutrosophic ideal to be a commutative MBJ-neutrosophic ideal are given. The conditions for an MBJ-neutrosophic ideal to be a closed MBJ-neutrosophic ideal are provided. Characterization of a commutative MBJ-neutrosophic ideal is established. Finally, the extension property for a commutative MBJ-neutrosophic ideal is founded.

In this paper, the notions of cubic intuitionistic KU-subalgebras and KU-ideals of a KU-algebras are introduced, and several properties are investigated. Characterizations of cubic intuitionistic KU-subalgebras and KU-ideals of KU-algebras are considered. Relations between a cubic intuitionistic KU-subalgebra and a cubic intuitionistic KU-ideal are given.

The notion of implicative UP-filters is introduced, and several properties are investigated. The relation between UP-filters and implicative UP-filters is considered. Conditions for UP-filter to be implicative UP-filter are given, and characterizations of (implicative) UP-filters are discussed. An extension property for implicative UP-filter is established.

The notions of a comparative UP-filter and an allied UP-filter are introduced, and related properties are investigated. Relations between a UP-filter, an implicative UP-filter and a comparative UP-filter are discussed. Conditions for a UP-filter to be a comparative UP-filter are displayed. Conditions for a comparative UP-filter to be an implicative UP-filter are considered. We show that comparative UP-filters and implicative UP-filters coincide in a meet-commutative UP-algebra X satisfying the condition (∀x, y, z ∈ X) (x · (y · z) = y · (x · z)). Characterizations of a comparative UP-filter are stated. An extension property for comparative UP-filter is established. Conditions for a UP-filter to be an x-allied UP-filter for given x ∈ X are provided.

In this article, a new idea of BMBJ-neutrosophic hyper-BCK-algebras is introduced and some of its properties are investigated. Here, BMBJ-neutrosophic hyper-BCK-ideal, BMBJ-neutrosophic weak hyper-BCK-ideal, BMBJ-neutrosophic s-weak hyper-BCK-ideal, and BMBJ-neutrosophic strong hyper-BCK-ideal are presented, and some relevant results and relations are indicated. Characterizations of BMBJ-neutrosophic (weak, s-weak, strong) hyper-BCK-ideal are considered. Conditions for a BMBJ-neutrosophic weak hyper-BCK-ideal to be a BMBJ-neutrosophic s-weak hyper-BCK-ideal are provided. Conditions for an MBJ-neutrosophic set to be a BMBJ-neutrosophic strong hyper-BCK-ideal are given.

In 2020, Kang et al. introduced the concept of a multipolar intuitionistic fuzzy set of finite degree, which is a generalization of a k-polar fuzzy set, and applied it to a BCK/BCI-algebra. The specific purpose of this study was to apply the concept of a multipolar intuitionistic fuzzy set of finite degree to a hyper BCK-algebra. The notions of the k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy hyper BCK-ideal, the k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy weak hyper BCK-ideal, the k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy s-weak hyper BCK-ideal, the k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy strong hyper BCK-ideal and the k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy reflexive hyper BCK-ideal are introduced herein, and their relations and properties are investigated. These concepts are discussed in connection with the k-polar lower level set and the k-polar upper level set.

In this paper, we discuss the notion of an m-polar fuzzy (normal) subalgebra in B-algebras and its related properties. We consider characterizations of an m-polar fuzzy (normal) subalgebra. We define the concept of an m-polar intuitionistic fuzzy (normal) subalgebra in a B-algebra, and we characterize the m-polar intuitionistic fuzzy (normal) subalgebra. Given an m-polar fuzzy set, we construct a simple m-polar fuzzy set and discuss on m-polar intuitionistic fuzzy subalgebras of B-algebras.

When events occur in everyday life, it is sometimes advantageous to approach them in two directions to find a solution for them. As a mathematical tool to handle these things, we can consider the intuitionistic fuzzy set. However, when events are complex and the key to a solution cannot be easily found, we feel the need to approach them for hours and from various directions. As mathematicians, we wish we had the mathematical tools that apply to these processes. If these mathematical tools were developed, we would be able to apply them to algebra, topology, graph theory, etc., from a close point of view, and we would be able to apply these research results to decision-making and/or coding theory, etc., from a distant point of view. In light of this view, the purpose of this study is to introduce the notion of a multipolar intuitionistic fuzzy set with finite degree (briefly, k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy set), and to apply it to algebraic structure, in particular, a BCK/BCI-algebra. The notions of a k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy subalgebra and a (closed) k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy ideal in a BCK/BCI-algebra are introduced, and related properties are investigated. Relations between a k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy subalgebra and a k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy ideal are discussed. Characterizations of a k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy subalgebra/ideal are provided, and conditions for a k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy subalgebra to be a k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy ideal are provided. In a BCI-algebra, relations between a k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy ideal and a closed k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy ideal are discussed. A characterization of a closed k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy ideal is considered, and conditions for a k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy ideal to be closed are provided.

There are many characterizations of linear operators from various matrix spaces into themselves which preserve term rank. In this research, we characterize the linear maps which preserve any two term ranks between different matrix spaces over anti-negative semirings, which extends the previous results on characterizations of linear operators from some matrix spaces into themselves. That is, a linear map T from p &times, q matrix spaces into m &times, n matrix spaces preserves any two term ranks if and only if T preserves all term ranks if and only if T is a ( P , Q , B )-block map.

The notion of (normal) m-polar ( ∈ , ∈ ) -fuzzy p-ideals of BCI-algebras is introduced, and several properties are investigated. Relations between an m-polar ( ∈ , ∈ ) -fuzzy ideal and an m-polar ( ∈ , ∈ ) -fuzzy p-ideal are displayed, and conditions for an m-polar ( ∈ , ∈ ) -fuzzy ideal to be an m-polar ( ∈ , ∈ ) -fuzzy p-ideal are provided. Characterization of m-polar ( ∈ , ∈ ) -fuzzy p-ideals are considered. Given an m-polar ( ∈ , ∈ ) -fuzzy ideal (resp., m-polar ( ∈ , ∈ ) -fuzzy p-ideal), a normal m-polar ( ∈ , ∈ ) -fuzzy ideal (resp., normal m-polar ( ∈ , ∈ ) -fuzzy p-ideal) is established. Using an m-polar ( ∈ , ∈ ) -fuzzy ideal, the quotient structure of BCI-algebras is constructed.

Recent trends in modern information processing have focused on polarizing information, and and bipolar fuzzy sets can be useful. Bipolar fuzzy sets are one of the important tools that can be used to distinguish between positive information and negative information. Positive information, for example, already observed or experienced, indicates what is guaranteed to be possible, and negative information indicates that it is impossible, prohibited, or certainly false. The purpose of this paper is to apply the bipolar fuzzy set to BCK/BCI-algebras. The notion of (translated) k-fold bipolar fuzzy sets is introduced, and its application in BCK/BCI-algebras is discussed. The concepts of k-fold bipolar fuzzy subalgebra and k-fold bipolar fuzzy ideal are introduced, and related properties are investigated. Characterizations of k-fold bipolar fuzzy subalgebra/ideal are considered, and relations between k-fold bipolar fuzzy subalgebra and k-fold bipolar fuzzy ideal are displayed. Extension of k-fold bipolar fuzzy subalgebra is discussed.

The notion of an int-soft (weak) implicative hyper BCK-ideal is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Relations between an int-soft weak implicative hyper BCK-ideal, an int-soft implicative hyper BCK-ideal, an int-soft hyper BCK-ideal, and an int-soft strong hyper BCK-ideal are considered, and characterizations of an int-soft weak implicative hyper BCK-ideal are discussed. Conditions for an int-soft hyper BCK-ideal to be an int-soft weak implicative hyper BCK-ideal are provided. Using an int-soft weak implicative hyper BCK-ideal, a new int-soft weak implicative hyper BCK-ideal is established. Finally, we show the hyper homomorphic preimage of an int-soft implicative hyper BCK-ideal is also an int-soft implicative hyper BCK-ideal.

Using more general form of quasi-coincident fuzzy points, the notion of $$({\tilde{\alpha }},$$ $${\tilde{\beta }})$$ -fuzzy ternary subsemigroups is introduced. Several properties are discussed. Characterizations of $$(\in ,$$ $$\in \! \vee \, q^{\delta }_0)$$ -fuzzy ternary subsemigroups are considered. Relations between $$(\in ,$$ $$\in )$$ -fuzzy ternary subsemigroups and $$(\in ,$$ $$\in \! \vee \, q^{\delta }_0)$$ -fuzzy ternary subsemigroups are provided.

In this paper, we introduce the notions of ( &isin, &isin, ) -fuzzy positive implicative filters and ( &isin, &or, q ) -fuzzy positive implicative filters in hoops and investigate their properties. We also define some equivalent definitions of them, and then we use the congruence relation on hoop defined in blue[Aaly Kologani, M., Mohseni Takallo, M., Kim, H.S. Fuzzy filters of hoops based on fuzzy points. Mathematics. 2019, 7, 430, doi:10.3390/math7050430] by using an ( &isin, ) -fuzzy filter in hoop. We show that the quotient structure of this relation is a Brouwerian semilattice.

The decomposition of a UP-filter is first discussed, and then the notion of a shift UP-filter is introduced, and several properties are investigated. Relations between a UP-filter, a comparative UP-filter, and a shift UP-filter are considered. Conditions for a UP-filter to be a shift UP-filter, and for a comparative UP-filter to be a shift UP-filter are provided. Characterizations of a shift UP-filter are considered, and an extension property for a shift UP-filter is established.

By considering an entry (i.e., a number, an idea, an object, etc.) which is represented by a known part ( a ) and an unknown part ( b T , c I , d F ) where T , I , F have their usual neutrosophic logic meanings and a , b , c , d are real or complex numbers, Smarandache introduced the concept of neutrosophic quadruple numbers. Using the concept of neutrosophic quadruple numbers based on a set, Jun et al. constructed neutrosophic quadruple BCK/BCI-algebras and implicative neutrosophic quadruple BCK-algebras. The notion of a neutrosophic quadruple BCI-positive implicative ideal is introduced, and several properties are dealt with in this article. We establish the relationship between neutrosophic quadruple ideal and neutrosophic quadruple BCI-positive implicative ideal. Given nonempty subsets I and J of a BCI-algebra, conditions for the neutrosophic quadruple ( I , J ) -set to be a neutrosophic quadruple BCI-positive implicative ideal are provided.

Maji et al. introduced the concept of fuzzy soft sets as a generalization of the standard soft sets, and presented an application of fuzzy soft sets in a decision-making problem. Maji et al. also introduced the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets in the paper [P.K. Maji, R. Biswas and A.R. Roy, Intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets, The Journal of Fuzzy Mathematics, 9 (2001), no. 3, 677&ndash, 692]. The aim of this manuscript is to apply the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy soft set to hyper BCK algebras. The notions of intuitionistic fuzzy soft hyper BCK ideal, intuitionistic fuzzy soft weak hyper BCK ideal, intuitionistic fuzzy soft s-weak hyper BCK-ideal and intuitionistic fuzzy soft strong hyper BCK-ideal are introduced, and related properties and relations are investigated. Characterizations of intuitionistic fuzzy soft (weak) hyper BCK ideal are considered. Conditions for an intuitionistic fuzzy soft weak hyper BCK ideal to be an intuitionistic fuzzy soft s-weak hyper BCK ideal are provided. Conditions for an intuitionistic fuzzy soft set to be an intuitionistic fuzzy soft strong hyper BCK ideal are given.

A neutrosophic set is initiated by Smarandache, and it is a novel tool to deal with vagueness considering the truth, indeterminacy and falsity memberships satisfying the condition that their sum is less than 3. The concept of neutrosophic quadruple numbers was introduced by Florentin Smarandache. Using this idea, Jun et al. introduced the notion of neutrosophic quadruple B C K / B C I -numbers, and studied neutrosophic quadruple B C K / B C I -algebras. As a continuation of Jun et al.&rsquo, s paper, the notion of implicative neutrosophic quadruple B C K -algebras is introduced, and several properties are investigated. Given a set Y, conditions for the neutrosophic quadruple Y-set N q ( Y ) to be a neutrosophic quadruple B C I -algebra are provided. Conditions for the neutrosophic quadruple Y-set N q ( Y ) to be an implicative neutrosophic quadruple B C K -algebra are provided. Given subsets I and J of a B C K -algebra Y, conditions for the neutrosophic quadruple ( I , J ) -set N q ( I , J ) to be an implicative ideal of the neutrosophic quadruple B C K -algebra N q ( Y ) are discussed.

In this paper, the notion of cubic intuitionistic q-ideals in B C I -algebras is introduced. A relationship between a cubic intuitionistic subalgebra, a cubic intuitionistic ideal, and a cubic intuitionistic q-ideal is discussed. Conditions for a cubic intuitionistic ideal to be a cubic intuitionistic q-ideal are provided. Characterizations of a cubic intuitionistic q-ideal are considered. The cubic intuitionistic extension property for a cubic intuitionistic q-ideal is established. Furthermore, the product of cubic intuitionistic subalgebras, ideals, and q-ideals are investigated.

The concept of quantum B-algebra was introduced by Rump and Yang, that is, unified algebraic semantics for various noncommutative fuzzy logics, quantum logics, and implication logics. In this paper, a new notion of q-filter in quantum B-algebra is proposed, and quotient structures are constructed by q-filters (in contrast, although the notion of filter in quantum B-algebra has been defined before this paper, but corresponding quotient structures cannot be constructed according to the usual methods). Moreover, a new, more general, implication algebra is proposed, which is called basic implication algebra and can be regarded as a unified frame of general fuzzy logics, including nonassociative fuzzy logics (in contrast, quantum B-algebra is not applied to nonassociative fuzzy logics). The filter theory of basic implication algebras is also established.

The present paper deals with a new quotient structure of BCK/BCI-algebras using int-soft ideals. The fundamental homomorphism theorem of quotient BCK/BCI-algebras is established. Characterizations of commutative (implicative, positive implicative) quotient BCK/BCI-algebras are discussed.

The notion of hesitant fuzzy semigroups with two frontiers is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Relations between a hesitant fuzzy semigroups with a frontier and a hesitant fuzzy semigroups with two frontiers are discussed. It is shown that the hesitant intersection of two hesitant fuzzy semigroups with two frontiers is a hesitant fuzzy semigroup with two frontiers. We provide an example to show that the hesitant union of two hesitant fuzzy semigroups with two frontiers may not be a hesitant fuzzy semigroup with two frontiers.

We define the notion of a residuated lattice valued function on a set as Jun and Song have done in BCK-algebras. We also investigate related properties of residuated lattice valued function. We establish the codes generated by residuated lattice valued function and conversely we give residuated lattice valued function and residuated lattice obtained by the giving binary block-code.

The notion of quasi-valuation maps based on a subalgebra and an ideal in BCK/BCI-algebras is introduced, and then several properties are investigated. Relations between a quasi-valuation map based on a subalgebra and a quasi-valuation map based on an ideal is established. In a BCI-algebra, a condition for a quasi-valuation map based on an ideal to be a quasi-valuation map based on a subalgebra is provided, and conditions for a real-valued function on a BCK/BCI-algebra to be a quasi-valuation map based on an ideal are discussed. Using the notion of a quasi-valuation map based on an ideal, (pseudo) metric spaces are constructed, and we show that the binary operation * in BCK-algebras is uniformly continuous.

In this paper, we define the notions of i-octahedron groupoid and i-OLI [resp., i-ORI and i-OI], and study some of their properties and give some examples. Also we deal with some properties for the image and the preimage of i-octahedron groupoids [resp., i-OLI, i-ORI and i-OI] under a groupoid homomorphism. Next, we introduce the concepts of i-octahedron subgroup and normal subgroup of a group and investigate some of their properties. In particular, we obtain a characterization of an i-octahedron subgroup of a group. Finally, we define an i-octahedron subring [resp., i-OLI, i-ORI and i-OI] of a ring and find some of their properties. In particular, we obtain two characterizations of i-OLI [resp., i-ORI and i-OI] of a ring and a skew field, respectively.

In 2020, Kang, Song and Jun introduced the notion of multipolar intuitionistic fuzzy set with finite degree, which is a generalization of intuitionistic fuzzy set, and they applied it to BCK/BCI-algebras. In this paper, we used this notion to study p-ideals of BCI-algebras. The notion of k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy p-ideals in BCI-algebras is introduced, and several properties were investigated. An example to illustrate the k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy p-ideal is given. The relationship between k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy ideal and k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy p-ideal is displayed. A k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy p-ideal is found to be k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy ideal, and an example to show that the converse is not true is provided. The notions of p-ideals and k-polar ( &isin, &isin, ) -fuzzy p-ideal in BCI-algebras are used to study the characterization of k-polar intuitionistic p-ideal. The concept of normal k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy p-ideal is introduced, and its characterization is discussed. The process of eliciting normal k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy p-ideal using k-polar intuitionistic fuzzy p-ideal is provided.

We introduce the notions of meet, semi-prime, and prime weak closure operations. Using homomorphism of BCK-algebras &phi, X &rarr, Y , we show that every epimorphic image of a non-zeromeet element is also non-zeromeet and, for mapping c l Y : I ( Y ) &rarr, I ( Y ) , we define a map c l Y &larr, on I ( X ) by A ↦ &phi, 1 ( &phi, ( A ) c l Y ) . We prove that, if &ldquo, c l Y &rdquo, is a weak closure operation (respectively, semi-prime and meet) on I ( Y ) , then so is &ldquo, c l Y &larr, &rdquo, on I ( X ) . In addition, for mapping c l X : I ( X ) &rarr, I ( X ) , we define a map c l X &rarr, on I ( Y ) as follows: B ↦ &phi, ( &phi, 1 ( B ) c l X ) . We show that, if &ldquo, c l X &rdquo, is a weak closure operation (respectively, semi-prime and meet) on I ( X ) , then so is &ldquo, c l X &rarr, on I ( Y ) .

In any logical algebraic structures, by using of different kinds of filters, one can construct various kinds of other logical algebraic structures. With this inspirations, in this paper by considering a hoop algebra or a hoop, that is introduced by Bosbach, the notion of co-filter on hoops is introduced and related properties are investigated. Then by using of co-filter, a congruence relation on hoops is defined, and the associated quotient structure is studied. Thus Brouwerian semilattices, Heyting algebras, Wajsberg hoops, Hilbert algebras and BL-algebras are obtained.