Search

Objective: To evaluate the association of body composition parameters with outcomes in Covid-19. Methods: 173 patients hospitalized for Covid-19 infection in 6 European centers were included in this retrospective study. Measurements were performed at L3-level and comprised skeletal muscle index (SMI), muscle density (MD), and adipose tissue measurements [visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), visceral-to-subcutaneous-adipose-tissue-area-ratio (VSR)]. The association with mortality, the need for intubation (MV), and the need for admission to ICU within 30 days were evaluated. Results: Higher SAT density was associated with a greater risk of MV (OR = 1.071, 95%CI=(1.034;1.110), p < 0.001). Higher VAT density was associated with admission to ICU (OR = 1.068, 95%CI=(1.029;1.109), p < 0.001). Higher MD was a protective factor for MV and ICU admission (OR = 0.914, 95%CI=(0.870;0.960), p < 0.001; OR = 0.882, 95%CI=(0.832;0.934), p = 0.028). Higher VSR was associated with mortality (OR = 2.147, 95%CI=(1.022;4.512), p = 0.044). Male sex showed the strongest influence on the risk of ICU admission and MV. SMI was not associated with either parameter. Conclusion: In patients hospitalized for Covid-19 infection, higher VSR seems to be a strong prognostic factor of short-term mortality. Weak associations with clinical course were found for MD and adipose tissue measurements. Male sex was the strongest prognostic factor of adverse clinical course. Advances in knowledge: VSR is a prognostic biomarker for 30-day mortality in patients hospitalized for Covid-19 disease.

This study was undertaken to improve gold and silver extraction from a pyritic gold flotation concentrate, which assayed 11 g/t Au, 42 g/t Ag, 0.21% Cu, 3.57% Zn, and 31% Fe. Direct cyanide leaching of the concentrate at 1.5 g/L NaCN yielded a low gold extraction (37%), confirming its refractory nature. Effects of lead nitrate (200-500 g/t Pb(NO3)2) and pre-aeration (24 h) before cyanide leaching at 1.5-3.5 g/L NaCN were investigated. Earlier studies have focused on the impact of these parameters on gold leaching. Besides gold, this study demonstrated the behaviour of silver and base metals (copper and zinc) from the pyritic gold concentrate. Adding lead nitrate had a negligible effect on gold extraction whilst improving silver extraction. Dissolution of copper was substantially suppressed by adding lead nitrate, i.e., from 23% (no Pb(NO3)2) to 4% (500 g/t Pb(NO3)2) over 24 h. Zinc dissolution was negligible (≤0.01%). Pre-aeration of the concentrate improved the gold and silver extractions by 4-14% and 23-44% at the subsequent cyanide leaching (1.5-3.5 g/L NaCN). However, it did not affect the leaching of copper. Only negligible leaching of zinc (≤0.6%) occurred during cyanide leaching. Pre-aeration also reduced cyanide consumption in subsequent cyanide leaching (1.5 g/L NaCN), i.e., from 2.83 kg/t to 2.03 kg/t NaCN per solids. These results suggested that lead nitrate can improve silver extraction while suppressing copper dissolution, which would be advantageous in the leaching-adsorption circuit (CIP), mitigating the dissolved copper-associated problems. Pre-aeration can also be suitable for improved gold/silver extractions and reduced reagent consumption.

Bu araştırmanın amacı iç grup özdeşiminin iç grup yanlılığı üzerindeki etkisinde iç grup normunun düzenleyici etkisini incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda üç deneysel çalışma yürütülmüştür. İlk çalışmada, gerçek grup üyelerinin iç grup özdeşimleri ölçülmüş ve iç grup normları eşitlikçilik, kayırmacılık veya kontrol grubu olacak şekilde değişimlenmiştir. İç grup yanlılığı, iç grup ve dış grup arasında spor programı süresi paylaştırma, spor gazetesi sayfası paylaştırma ve olumlu özelliklerle değerlendirme ölçümlerindeki iç grup lehine fark olarak işlevselleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, iç grup özdeşimi arttıkça iç grup yanlılığının da arttığını, ancak iç grup özdeşimi ve iç grup yanlılığı arasındaki ilişkide grup normunun düzenleyici etkisinin olmadığını göstermiştir. Diğer iki çalışmada laboratuvarda oluşturulmuş minimal gruplar kullanılmıştır. İkinci çalışmada bir matematik görevinden sonra katılımcılara seçkisiz olarak analitik veya bütüncül düşünme-karar verme stiline sahip oldukları şeklinde sahte bir geribildirim verilerek iki grup oluşturulmuş ve ilk çalışmadaki gibi norm ataması yapılmıştır. Ayrıca iç grup özdeşimi de ölçülmek yerine yüksek ve düşük seviyelerde olacak şekilde değişimlenmiştir. Üçüncü çalışmada ise iç grup özdeşimi, yine ikinci deneysel çalışmadakine benzer bir yöntem ile değişimlenmiş; ancak bu kez düzenleyicilik etkisi grup normunun bir öncülü olarak değerlendirilen iç grup biçimlenmesi bağlamında araştırılmıştır. İkinci ve üçüncü çalışmada özdeşimin, grup normunun ya da biçimlenmesinin iç grup yanlılığı üzerinde temel etkisi gözlenmemiştir. Grup özdeşiminin, grup normuyla veya grup biçimlemesiyle etkileşimi de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Psikoloji öğrencisi olmayan toplumun farklı kesimlerinden katılımcıları örnekleyen bu üç çalışma, alanyazının aksine gruplar arası üyelerin grup normlarına veya biçimlenmelerine bağlı olarak bölüştürme davranışı sergilemediğini göstermektedir. Bulgular, metodolojik farklılıklar ve sosyal psikolojideki tekrarlanabilirlik sorunu bağlamında tartışılmıştır., The aim of this research was to examine the moderating role of ingroup norm on the association between ingroup identification on ingroup bias. Relatedly, we also examined whether this association varied depending on the group formation. To do this, we conducted three experimental studies to that end. Study 1 (N = 103) focused on real groups (Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray Football Club fans), where we manipulated ingroup norm and then measured ingroup identification. Specifically, in order to manipulate ingroup norm, participants were randomly assigned to an “egalitarian” norm condition, “favoritism” norm condition or control group. Ingroup bias was operationalized through a difference score in allocating screen time for a sports program on TV, allocating page areas in sports newspapers, and positive evaluations through adjective ratings. Results showed that higher identification was associated with stronger ingroup bias. However, the moderating effect of ingroup norm (egalitarianism vs. favoritism) on the relationship between ingroup identification and ingroup bias was not observed. Study 2 and Study 3employed minimal groups created in the lab setting. In Study 2 (N = 122), two groups labeled “analytical” and “holistic” thinkers were formed based on false feedback (i.e., participants were told that their answers to math problems would be categorized based on an algorithm), and then ingroup norm was manipulated as the same way in the first study (egalitarianism vs. favoritism). In addition, ingroup identification was manipulated, rather than being merely measured. In Study 3, (N = 94) ingroup identification was manipulated with a similar procedure used in Study 2; but this time, the moderating effect of group formation (competitive vs. cooperative groups), rather than group norm, was investigated. In Studies 2 and 3, no main effects of ingroup identification, ingroup norm, or group formation on ingroup bias were obtained. The interaction effects of identification with ingroup norm or formation were not statistically significant either. These three experimental studies, showed that, contrary to the literature, intergroup members did not exhibit distributional ingroup bias based on a type of group norms or group formations. The findings were discussed in the context of literature, methodological differences, and the problem of reproducibility in social psychology.

Günümüzde dünya nüfusunun artması, kentleşme oranının artması ve kıt kaynakların azalması çevresel farkındalığın artmasına neden olmaktadır. İnsanlar her gün evlerine, işlerine, okullarına gitmek ve sosyal aktivitelerde bulunmak için hareket etmektedirler yani şehir içinde yer değiştirmektedirler. Bu da kişisel araç, taksi, otobüs, minibüs kullanımının artmasına sebep olmaktadır. Yetkililer ise bu hareket veya dolaşım esnasında oluşan çevre kirliliğinin, gürültünün, karbon salınımının ve kazaların azalmasını sağlamak amacıyla toplu taşıma hizmetlerinin daha kullanılabilir hale gelmesi için çaba sarf etmektedirler. Toplu taşıma hizmetlerinin kullanımını arttırmak için kullanıcılara yani vatandaşlara daha sık, daha düzenli ve daha güvenilir hizmet verilmesi gerekmektedir. Toplu taşıma hizmetlerinin düzenlenmesi ile ilgili yapılan faaliyetler literatürde toplu taşıma ağ planlama süreci olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Toplu taşıma ağ planlama süreci, sırasıyla ağ planlama, sıklık oluşturma ve zaman çizelgesi geliştirme, araç çizelgeleme ve sürücü çizelgeleme faaliyetlerinden oluşmaktadır ve ağ planlama sürecinin her bir aşaması kendisinden sonra gelen aşamanın girdisi olmaktadır. Ağ tasarım faaliyetleri oldukça maliyetli olduğu ve alt yapı çalışmaları gerektirdiği için sefer sıklıklarını değiştirmek hizmet sağlayıcıları için daha kolaydır. Sefer sıklığı oluşturma ve zaman çizelgesi geliştirme aşaması kullanıcıların konforunu dikkate alan ve hizmet kalitesi ile ilgili olan planlama aşamasıdır. Bu sebeple, toplu taşıma kullanımının arttırılması üzerinde önemle durulması gereken bir konudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, toplu taşıma sefer sıklığı ayarlama ve zaman çizelgesi oluşturma problemlerini çözmeye yönelik metodolojik genel bir bakış ve örnekler sunmaktır.

Diyet lifi, tahıl, meyve ve sebzelerde daha çok bulunan önemli bir gıda bileşenidir. Diyet liflerinde farklı sınıflandırmalar kullanılsa da en sık kullanılanı çözünürlüklerine göre sınıflandırma biçimidir. Diyet lifleri meyve ve sebzeler de bulunmakla birlikte özellikle tahıl (buğday, arpa, yulaf, pirinç, çavdar vb) ve pseudotahıllarda (chia, kinoa, karabuğday, amarant vb) da bol miktarda bulunmaktadır. Günümüzde artan sağlık problemleri ve tüketicilerin fonksiyonel ürünlere yönelmesi diyet lifine olan ilgiyi her geçen gün arttırmaktadır. Yapılan epidomiyolojik çalışmalar tahıl ve pseudotahıllarda bulunan çözünür ve çözünmez diyet liflerinin kroner kalp hastalıkları, tip 2 diyabet, obezite, çeşitli kanser türlerine yakalanma risklerini düşürdüğünü göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada tahıl ve pseudotahıllarda bulunan diyet lifleri ve bunların sağlık üzerine etkileri irdelenmiştir., Dietary fiber is an important food component found mostly in grains and fruits and vegetables. Although different classifications are used for dietary fibers, the most frequently one used is according to their solubility. Although dietary fibers are also found in fruits and vegetables, they are especially abundant in cereals (wheat, barley, oats, rice, rye, etc.) and pseudocereals (chia, quinoa, buckwheat, amarant, etc.). Today, increasing health problems and consumers' tendency to functional products increase the interest in dietary fiber day by day. Epidemiological studies show that soluble and insoluble dietary fibers found in cereals and pseudocereals reduce the risks of coronary heart diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and various types of cancer. In this study, dietary fibers in cereals and pseudocereals and their effects on health are investigated.

Studies on cranial gunshot injuries in the Syrian war are present in the literature. However, the effect of surgical timing on the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing surgical treatment has not been discussed extensively. In this study, the time from injury to surgery is called "time to surgery." Kilis, a city close to Aleppo, Afrin, and Azez, where the conflicts in Syria are intense, is one of the cities where the first emergency treatments were administered. This study aimed to evaluate patients who underwent surgery in Kilis State Hospital due to cranial gunshot injury in the Syrian war and to investigate the effect of surgical timing on mortality and Glasgow Outcome Score.Surgical treatment was applied to 42 (32.8%) patients in the first 4 hours, 64 (50%) patients within 4 to 24 hours, and 22 (17.2%) patients between 24 hours and 3 days. As the time to surgery decreased, the good Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) (4-5) outcome rates increased. The differences in surgical timing and GOS results of patients with Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) 8 were found to be significant for good GOS results. As the time to surgery decreased for patients with a GCS 8, mortality rates decreased equally. This result was statistically significant.Our study showed that surgical timing is as important as early intubation, aggressive resuscitation, and admission GCS for both survey and GOS.

Amaç: Open-door servikal laminoplasti multipl seviye servikal myelopatisi olan hastalar için standart cerrahi seçenektir. Cerrahide laminanın bir tarafına lineer laminektomi yapılırken, karşı tarafa menteşe halini alacak şekilde kemik drillemesi yapılır. Lineer laminektomi yapılan taraf kaldırılırken diğer tarafta menteşe kırıkları meydana gelebilir. Bu kırıkların oluşmaması için olası risk faktörlerini incelemeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2013-2018 yılları arasında open-door servikal laminoplasti operasyonu geçiren olguların dosyaları, radyolojik görüntüleri, laboratuvar sonuçları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya opere edilen 54 erkek, 24 kadın olmak üzere 78 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 57,8 ± 11,6 idi. Operasyon öncesi hastaların Modifiye JOA (Japanese Orthopedic Association) servikal miyelopati skorları 16,2 ± 2,1 olarak geldi. Operasyon öncesi kan Ca++ değerlerine bakıldığında 9,3 ± 0,5 mg/dl idi. Hastaların Pavlov oranı ortalaması 0,7 ± 0,2 idi. Laminalar 26 olguda sağ taraftan, 52 olguda sol taraftan açıldı. Toplam 304 lamina açıldı. Operasyon sonrası çekilen kontrol servikal BT’lerde 42 hastada lamina menteşe kırığı vardı. Menteşe kırığı olmayan hasta sayısı 36 idi. Toplamda 89 lamina seviyesinde kırık vardı. Cerrahi sonrası çekilen servikal BT’ler incelendiğinde laminaların açılma açısı (OA) ortalaması 30,6 ± 8,9 derece olarak ölçüldü. Lamina açılma açısının menteşe kırığına anlamlı ölçüde etki ettiği gözlendi. Lamina menteşe kırığı olan hastalarda OA 32,3 ± 9 (p

Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital anomalies that present as intracranial hemorrhage or epilepsy. AVMs often remain clinically silent for extended periods. Although AVM treatment methods are controversial, three treatment strategies are usually combined or applied alone: surgical removal, embolization and stereotactic radiosurgery. We compared clinical and radiological outcomes in intracranial AVM patients treatedPatients who did (30 patients) and did not (30 patients) undergo endovascular embolization before surgical resection at the İzmir Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital Neurosurgery Clinic from 2011 to 2019 were included in this retrospective, cohort study. Symptoms at diagnosis, comorbidities and clinical (AVM and Spetzler-Martin grade) and morphological characteristics were assessed.A mean one-year follow-up assessed outcomes using the modified Rankin score, and imaging studies assessed AVM obliteration post-procedure. Mean operation times for surgical resection with and without embolization were 166.50 ± 32.02 and 204.47 ± 26.66 min, respectively. Mean patient hospitalization periods for surgical resection with and without embolization were 8.43 ± 3.60 and 12.00 ± 5.51 days, respectively.Among patients who underwent surgical resection, significant operation time and hospitalization time differences were observed in favor of patients who underwent embolization, indicating that preoperative embolization is a safe and beneficial method for treating ruptured and non-ruptured AVMs.

Din kültürü ve ahlak bilgisi dersinde eleştirel düşünme eğitimine katkı sağlanabilmesi, planlama ve uygulama süreçlerinin yanında ölçme ve değerlendirme sürecinde de eleştirel düşünme eğitiminin dikkate alınmasına bağlıdır. Buna uygun olarak öğrencilerin okuduğunu anlama, yorumlama, analiz etme, sorgulama gibi eleştirel düşünme becerilerini kullanmalarına katkı sağlayabilecek uygun araç ve yöntemlerle ölçme ve değerlendirme işleminin gerçekleştirilmesi önemlidir. Din kültürü ve ahlak bilgisi dersi öğretmenlerinin, ölçme ve değerlendirme tekniklerini eleştirel düşünme eğitimine katkı sağlayacak şekilde kullanma durumlarını ahlak konuları bağlamında ortaya koymaya çalışan bu araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerine göre desenlenmiştir. Araştırma konusu çerçevesinde Kayseri ilinde görevli 12 din kültürü ve ahlak bilgisi dersi öğretmeni ile görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularını analiz edip, bütüncül bir değerlendirmede bulunabilmek için öğretmenlerin derslerinde yapılan gözlemlerden ve kullandıkları dokümanlardan elde edilen verilerden de yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, öğretmenlerin çoğunun sınavlarda yönelttiği soruların, kavrama düzeyinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin eleştirel düşünme becerilerini daha etkili kullanmalarına katkısı olabilecek “uygulama, analiz, sentez ve değerlendirme” düzeyinde sorulara yer vermedikleri görülmüştür. Öte yandan eleştirel düşünme eğitimine katkısı olabilecek tarzda performans ödevi veremedikleri ve bunları uygun kriterlere göre değerlendiremedikleri sonucu da ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunun yanında gözlem tekniğini kullanırken de öğrenci davranışlarıyla eleştirel düşünme arasındaki ilişkiyi temellendirme noktasında eksiklikleri olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ahlakî kimlik algısının bağlamsal performans üzerindeki etkisinde örgütsel özdeşleşmenin düzenleyicilik rolünü tespit etmektir. Bu amaçla, Kayseri Organize Sanayi Bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren sanayi işletmelerinin çalışanlarından anket aracılığıyla toplanan veri, çeşitli istatistik yöntemler aracılığıyla analize tabi tutulmuştur. Yapılan analizler sonucunda yüksek düzeyde örgütsel özdeşleşme yaşayan bireylerde ahlakî kimlik algısının bağlamsal performans üzerindeki etkisinin azaldığı, düşük düzeyde örgütleriyle özdeşleşen bireylerde ise ahlakî kimlik algısının bağlamsal performans üzerindeki etkisinin arttığı bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular ilgili alan yazın bağlamında tartışılmıştır.

Neurosurgeons should know the anatomy required for safe temporal lobe surgery approaches. The pre-sent study aimed to determine the angles and distances necessary to reach the temporal stem and tem-poral horn in surgical approaches for safe temporal lobe surgery by using a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging technique in post-mortem human brain hemispheres fixed by the Klingler method. In our study, 10 post-mortem human brain hemisphere specimens were fixed according to the Klingler method. Magnetic resonance images were obtained using a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner after fixa-tion. Surgical measurements were conducted for the temporal stem and temporal horn by magnetic res-onance imaging, and dissection was then performed under a surgical microscope for the temporal stem. Each stage of dissection was achieved in high-quality three-dimensional images. The angles and distances to reach the temporal stem and temporal horn were measured in transcortical T1, trans-sulcal T1-2, transcortical T2, trans-sulcal T2-3, transcortical T3, and subtemporal trans-collateral sulcus approaches. The safe maximum posterior entry point for anterior temporal lobectomy was measured as 47.16 +/- 5.0 0 mm. Major white-matter fibers in this region and their relations with each other are shown. The dis-tances to the temporal stem and temporal horn, which are important in temporal lobe surgical interven-tions, were measured radiologically, and safe borders were determined. Surgical strategy and preoperative planning should consider the relationship of the lesion and white-matter pathways. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Günümüzde, işgörenler birçok rolü aynı anda üstlenmektedir. Bu roller eş, ebeveyn, evlat gibi değişiklikler göstermektedir. Böyle bir durumda, birey hangi role öncelik vereceği konusunda karışıklık yaşamaktadır. Sonucunda ise, bireyin iş-aile çatışması yaşaması kaçınılmaz hale gelmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı; iş-aile çatışması ve kariyer tatmini kavramlarını teorik olarak açıklayarak, kabin memurlarının yaşadığı iş-aile çatışmasının kariyer tatminini nasıl etkilediğini ortaya koymaktır. Bu bağlamda, THY’de çalışan 154 kabin memuruna anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin düzeyini belirlemek için korelasyon analizi, değişkenlerin birbirini nasıl etkilediğini tespit etmek amacıyla ise regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda iş-aile çatışması ve aile-iş çatışmasının kariyer tatmini üzerinde negatif bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Bu araştırma ile Türkiye’de fen bilimleri eğitiminde analoji üzerine yayınlanan lisansüstü tezlerin genel eğilimlerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu (YÖK) Ulusal Tez Merkezi'nde, 2002-2019 yılları arasındaki fen bilimleri eğitiminde analojinin kullanıldığı tezler taranmış ve bu çalışma kapsamında erişime açık olan 29 lisansüstü tez, bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmiştir. Analoji alanında yayınlanan çalışmalar; yıl, yayın türü, araştırmanın amacı, konu alanı, araştırmanın yöntemi, seçilen örneklem, veri toplama araçları, veri analiz teknikleri, geçerlik, güvenirlik, uygulama süresi, araştırmanın sonucu ve önerileri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmalar incelendiğinde en fazla yüksek lisans seviyesinde ve 2019 yılında çalışmalar yapıldığı görülmüştür. Yapılan lisansüstü tez çalışmaların amaçlarına bakıldığında daha çok başarı, tutum ve kalıcılığa etkisinin araştırıldığı görülmektedir. Konu alanında ise “Madde” konusuna daha çok rastlanmaktadır. Örneklem olarak ortaokul öğrencileriyle yapılmış çalışmalar ön plana çıkmaktadır. Araştırma yöntemi bakımından ise nicel yöntemin daha çok kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Yaygın kullanılan veri toplama araçlarının; başarı testi, Likert tipi ölçek ve görüşme olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yapılan lisansüstü tez çalışmaların sonucunda analoji kullanımının ağırlıklı olarak akademik başarı, tutum, kalıcılığı artırmada etkili olduğu bulgularına ulaşılmıştır. İncelenen çalışmaların genellikle, ‘’Farklı konu, farklı ders, farklı örneklem ve farklı sınıf seviyeleri ile araştırmalar yapılabilir. ‘’ ve ‘’ Öğretmenlere hizmet içi seminerler ile analoji yöntemi uygulamaları yapılmalıdır’’ şeklinde önerilerinin olduğu görülmüştür. Yapılacak olan çalışmalarda derinlemesine incelemeye imkân sağlayan yöntemlerin kullanılması öneri olarak sunulmaktadır., This study is a descriptive content analysis study aimed to determine general trends of graduate thesis studies published on analogy in science education in Turkey. The thesis studies using analogy in science education were scanned at the National Thesis Center of the Council of Higher Education between 2002 and 2019, and 29 studies that were accessible within the scope of this study were examined according to different variables. Studies in the field of analogy; year, publication type, purpose of the research, subject area, method of the research, selected sample, data collection tools, data analysis techniques, validity, reliability, duration of implementation, results and recommendations of the research were evaluated. As a result of the study, it was concluded that master thesis studies were more than the others related to analogy in science education, and more studies were conducted in 2019. The studies in the field of analogy mostly researched success, attitude and persistence. “Matter” subject was studied more in the subject area. The studies were mostly conducted with middle school students. Quantitative methods were used more than the other methods. As data collection tools, achievement tests, Likert type scales, and interviews were mostly used. The examined studies results indicated that using analogy had positive effect in increasing academic success, attitude, persistence. The most common recommendations were determined as “research can be done with different subjects, different courses, different samples and different class levels” and “teachers should practice analogy methods with in-service seminars". In the studies to be carried out, it is recommended to use research methods that allow examination thoroughly.

Intellectual developmental disorder with dysmorphicfacies, seizures, and distallimb anomalies(IDDFSDA) is anautosomal recessivemultisystem disorder caused by compound heterozygous or homozygous variants in the geneOTUD6B.Herein, we describe novel pathogenic compound heterozygous variants inOTUD6Bidentified via whole-exome sequencing in an index case exhibited the severe IDDFSDA phenotype. The potentialpathogenicityof the novel frameshift and missense variants in the index case was investigated usingin silicotools. The truncating frameshift variant in one allele was predicted to undergo degradation via nonsense-mediated decay of the mRNA molecule. To predict the severity of the damage to the protein caused by the missense variant in the other allele and its effects on phenotypic severity was further investigated together with a previously reported first homozygous missense variant in the same domain in another patient with a less severe IDDFSDA phenotype using structural modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for the first time. Based on these analyzes, it is anticipated that Tyr216Cys in the earlier reported case with less severe IDDFSDA will lead to localized destabilization, whereas Ile274Arg in the presented index case with the severe IDDFSDA phenotype will lead to significant distortion in the overall fold of OTUD6B. Our findings suggest that compound LOF and ultrarare missense variants may be contribute to the underlying variability expressivity associated with this disorder. In conclusion, our findings support that the clinical severity could be related with the predicted functional severity of the variations in OTUD6B. However, additional functional studies are required.

Son zamanlarda yaşanan hızlı kentleşme, teknolojideki ilerlemelerve uygulanan çeşitli ekonomik politikalar sonucu ortaya çıkan aşırı tüketimkültürü, katı atık konusunu oldukça önemli bir hale getirmiştir. Katı atıkgenel olarak yeniden kullanılabilme özelliğini yitirmiş, işlevsel olarak birdeğeri olmayan, istenilmeyen, yaşanılan ortamdan uzaklaştırılması gereken hertürlü madde ve malzemeleri ifade etmektedir.Tehlikeli katı atık türlerinden biriise tıbbı atıklardır.Bu kapsamdabu çalışmanın amacı, katı atık ve tehlikeli katı atık türlerinden olan tıbbıatık kavramını teorik olarak inceleyerek, hastanelerdeki atıkların nasıloluştuklarını ve bunların hangi yöntemlerle bertaraf edildiğini ortayakoyabilmektir. Bu amaçlara ulaşabilmek için Kayseri ‘de üç, Nevşehirİlin’de isebir özel hastanede anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucu hastanelerdegenel olarak tıbbi atık yönetim uygulamalarının başarılı yürütülmediği tespitedilmiştir. There centra deurbanization, advances in technology,and the excessive consumption culture resulting from the various economic policies have made the issue ofsolid waste very important.Solid waste generally refersto all kinds of material sand materials that have lostits propertyof being re-usable, which have nofunctional value and which should be removed from the living environment.Oneof the hazardous solid waste types is medical waste.In this context, the aim of this study isto examine the concept of medical waste,which is one of the solid waste and hazardous solid waste types,by the oretically and to show how the wastes in the environment and inhospital sare formed and how they are disposed of.,In order to reach these objectives, three question naires were conductedin Kayseri and a private hospital in Nevşehir. As a result of the an alyzesmade, Ingeneral, it wasde termined that medical waste management practices were not carried out successfullyin hospitals., The rapid consumption of urbanization, the advances in technology and the culture of over-consumption, which emerged as a result of various economic policies, have made solid waste a very important issue. Solid waste generally refers to all kinds of material sand materials that have lost their reusability, have no functional value, are not desired, and must be removed from the living environment. One of the hazardous solid waste types is medical waste. In this context, the aim of this study is to examine the concept of medical waste, which is one of the types of solid waste and hazardous solid waste, theoretically and to reveal how the wastes in hospitals are formed and how they are disposed. In order to achieve these goals, a survey was conducted in three private hospitals in Kayseri and one private hospital in Nevşehir. As a result of the analyzes, it was determined that medical waste management practices in hospitals were not carried out successfully.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the olfactory function of patients who had undergone endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. In this prospective study, the "Sniffin' Sticks" test was performed between June 2016 and April 2017 at Izmir Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital. Thirty patients who were scheduled to undergo endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery were evaluated preoperatively and 8 weeks postoperatively using the Sniffin' Sticks test battery for olfactory function, odor threshold, smell discrimination, and odor identification. The patients were evaluated preoperatively by an otolaryngologist. The patients' demographic data and olfactory functions were analyzed with a t test and Wilcoxon-labeled sequential test. The study group comprised 14 women (46.7%) and 16 men (53.3%) patients. The mean age of the patients was 37.50 +/- 9.43 years (range: 16-53 years). We found a significant difference in the preoperative and postoperative values of the odor recognition test (P = 0.017); however, there was no significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative odor threshold values (P = 0.172) and odor discrimination values (P = 0.624). The threshold discrimination identification test scores were not significant (P = 0.110). The olfactory function of patients who were normosmic preoperatively was not affected postoperatively. This study shows that the endoscopic transsphenoidal technique for pituitary surgery without nasal flap has no negative effect on the olfactory function.

Tersine lojistik, özellikle son yıllarda artan çevresel kaygılar, kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk ve yasal düzenlemeler nedeniyle bütün organizasyonlar için önemli bir çalışma alanı olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, işletmeler kullanılmış ürünleri/atıkları en kısa sürede, en az maliyetle ve uğraması gereken bütün noktalara uğrayacak şekilde toplama yapmayı amaçlarlar. Özellikle Araç Rotalama Problemleri, bu amaca ulaşmada kullanılan en önemli yöntemlerden birisidir. Bu çerçevede, bu çalışmanın amacı, ambalaj atığı toplama ve ayırma lisansına sahip bir işletmenin atık toplarken izleyebileceği en uygun rotayı Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri yardımı ile belirlemektir. Rotalar belirlenirken OpenJUMP ile gvSIG programları kullanılmış ve işletmenin hizmet verdiği Mersin İli Yenişehir Belediyesi sınırları içerisindeki 9 mahalle için izlenmesi önerilen rotalar belirlenmiştir.

Tissue engineering offers promising perspectives in the therapy of osteoarthritis. In the context of cell-based therapy, chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPCs) may be used to regenerate defects in cartilage tissue. An in-depth characterization of the secretome of CPCs is a prerequisite to this approach. In this study, a method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the secretome of undifferentiated and differentiated CPCs. Secreted proteins from cells grown in two-dimensional as well as three-dimensional alginate cultures were extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Quantitation was achieved by internal standardization using stable isotope-labeled amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). Qualitative analysis of CPC secretomes revealed ECM-components, signal proteins and growth factors most of which were also found in healthy cartilage. A quantitative comparison revealed significantly upregulated proteins with regenerative potential during differentiation, while proteins involved in catabolic metabolism were significantly downregulated. The development of methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the secretome of CPCs by mass spectrometry provides a foundation for the investigation of progenitor or stem cells from other sources.

WOS: 000471902200032, PubMed: 31121999, Background/aim: Application fields of bone tissue engineering studies continue to expand. New biocompatible materials aimed to improve bone repairment and regeneration of implants are being discovered everyday by scientists, engineers, and surgeons. Our objective in this study is to combine polylactic acid which is a polymer with hydroxyapatite in the repairment of bone defects considering the increased need by medical application fields. Materials and methods: After 750 g of PLA with a diameter of 2.85 mm was granulated into minimum particles, these particles were homogenously mixed with hydroxyapatite prepared in laboratory environment. Using this mixture, HA-PLA filament with a diameter of 2.85 mm was prepared in the extrusion device in Kutahya Medical Sciences University Innovative Technology Laboratory. The temperature was 250 degrees C and the gearmotor speed was 9 rpm during extrusion. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was made for crystal phase analyses of the produced hydroxyapatite powder, to determine the produced main phase and examine whether a minor phase occurred. Vickers microhardness test was applied on both samples to measure the endurance levels of the samples prepared with HA-PLA filament. A loading force of 10 kg was applied on the samples for 10 s. Results: Hydroxyapatite peaks in XRD spectrum of the sample presented in figures are concordant with Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards, JCPDS - File Card No. 01-075-9526 and no significant minor phase was observed. For both samples, hardness value was observed to increase between 3 and 5 mm. Conclusion: Surfacing hydroxyapatite on metallic materials is possible. By similar logic, to increase durability with low cost, characteristics of biomaterials can be improved with combinations such as hydroxyapatite PLA. Thus, we found that while these materials have usage limitations due to present disadvantages when used alone, it is possible to increase their efficiency and availability through different combinations.

Aim: In the treatment of vertebral compression fractures, kyphoplasty stands out as an effective treatment method that has been performed more frequently in recent years. The etiology of compression fractures varies from patient to patient. Biopsy results taken from the patients during the procedure reflect these differences. We wanted to emphasize the importance of the biopsy procedure performed during kyphoplasty by evaluating the biopsy results. Materials and Methods: The patient files, radiological images and biopsy results of the patients, who were treated with kyphoplasty due to vertebral compression fracture and who had a biopsy performed during this procedure between 2017 and 2019. Results: The total number of operated patients was found to be 201, and the number of vertebrae biopsies was 269. Eighty-three of our patients were male and 118 were female. Of the 269 biopsy results in total, 18 (6.7%) had pathological findings; 3 of them were compatible with osteomyelitis, while the remaining 15 were malignant. Conclusion: Since the biopsy procedure performed during the treatment of vertebral compression fractures with kyphoplasty could be performed safely and provides an opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment, a biopsy requirement for the benefit of patients would be inevitable in all kyphoplasty procedures.

Aim: Spinal cord traumas have become a serious health problem with the increase in the ageing population in society. The present study aimed to show the anti-inflammatory activity of methylprednisolone and sinularia administered following spinal cord trauma.Materials and Methods: Sea corals are widely found on earth. Sinularia is one of the 17 known active substances of sinularia flexibilis, and several studies have been conducted on its anti-inflammatory, anti-oedema and cytotoxic effects. Despite the recent scientific studies, discussions continue as there are no effective treatment methods in use apart from methylprednisolone; however, the test animals received methylprednisolone treatment to compareits effects with those of sinularia, a secondary active ingredient of s. flexibilis.Results: Paired comparisons for serum IL-1β and tissue TNF-α were made with Dunn's test. When serum IL-1β and tissue TNF-α levels were evaluated, a significant difference was detected in the group taking sinularia treatment compared to the trauma group Sinularia treatment was more efficient on different cytokines and compared to methylprednisolone treatment used routinely, it significantly affected both IL-1β level and TNF-α levels in serumConclusion: Anti-edematous, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects of sinularia have been shown in our study. Sinularia, which has no known harmful effect on the human body according to the literature, may be clinically used in the future; however, more detailed and supportive experimental studies should be conducted on the subject.

Aim: The present study aimed to report the peri- and postoperative complications in patients undergoing third ventricular colloid cyst resection using a microsurgical approach.Materials and Methods: A total of 29 patients with symptomatic third ventricular colloid cysts were operated upon via the microsurgery method at two different neurosurgery clinics, and their data were analyzed retrospectively.Results: Among them, 12 (41.4%) were men, and 17 (58.6%) were women. The mean age was 34.24 ±16.43 years, and the age range was 1–70 years. Headache was the most common symptom at reference and occurred in 21 (72.4%) patients. Also, ataxia was the presenting symptom in 7 (24.1%) of our patients, vomiting in 6 (20.7%), visual loss in 6 (20.7%), epileptic seizures in 4 (13.8%), incontinence in 4 (13.8%), and loss of consciousness in 1 (3.4%). Moreover, 19 (65.5%) had hydrocephalus, and two of them with weak consciousness were operated after the application of a preoperative external ventricular drainage systemConclusion: The interhemispheric transcallosal approach is the most commonly used method in colloid cyst microsurgery, and the most frequent surgical complication is venous infarction secondary to this approach. Thus, the significant results of infarct that occurred in patients with preoperative hydrocephalus suggest that this complication could be controlled more easily if the hydrocephalus and intracranial pressure are followed up more carefully in the pre- and perioperative periods.

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of fibromyalgia (FM) in patients with episodic migraine and to evaluate the relationship between migraine characteristics and FM. One hundred and eighteen consecutive patients (mean age = 38 years, 75 % women) fulfilling the International Classification of Headache Disorders-II criteria for migraine with (n = 22) and without (n = 96) aura from an outpatient headache clinic of a university hospital were evaluated. The diagnosis of FM was made based on the 1990 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria. Participants completed some self-administered questionnaires ascertaining sociodemographics, headache severity, frequency and duration, headache-related disability (Headache Impact Test [HIT-6]) and Migraine Disability Assessment Scale, widespread musculoskeletal pain (visual analog scale), depression (Beck depression inventory), anxiety (Beck anxiety inventory), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), fatigue (Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue), and quality of life (Short Form-36 Health Survey [SF-36]). In patients with FM, the tender point count and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire were employed. FM was diagnosed in 37 (31.4 %) of the patients. FM comorbidity was equally distributed across patients with and without aura. Severity of migraine headache, HIT-6, and anxiety were especially associated with FM comorbidity. Patients suffering from migraine plus FM reported lower scores on all items of the SF-36. This study indicates that the assessment and management of coexisting FM should be taken into account in the assessment and management of migraine, particularly when headache is severe or patients suffer from widespread musculoskeletal pain.

A total on-line analysis of a target protein from a plasma sample was made using a selective immunoextraction step coupled on-line to an immobilized enzymatic reactor (IMER) for the protein digestion followed by LC–MS/MS analysis. For the development of this device, cytochrome c was chosen as model protein due to its well-known sequence. An immunosorbent (IS) based on the covalent immobilization of anti-cytochrome c antibodies on a solid support was made and an immunoextraction procedure was carefully developed to assess a selective extraction of the target protein from plasma. For the first time, IS was easily coupled on-line with a laboratory-made IMER based on pepsin. The whole on-line device (IS-IMER-LC-MS/MS) allowed the quantification of cytochrome c from 8.5 pmol to 1.7 nmol in buffer medium. Finally, this device was applied to the analysis of only 85 pmol of cytochrome c from plasma with a RSD value lower than 10% (n = 3).

An in-line procedure for protein analysis using a trypsin-based immobilized enzymatic reactor (IMER) coupled to LC-MS/MS has been developed. Various IMERs were synthesized and characterized by estimating the digestion yield of a pattern peptide in UV detection. Laboratory-made IMERs were optimized by studying the effect of different parameters as the nature of the functionalized immobilization support (silica, agarose), the amount of immobilized trypsin and the binding density. The potential of the laboratory-made IMERs were compared with a batch digestion and with a commercial trypsin-based IMER. The laboratory-made IMER based on CNBr-activated Sepharose showed the best performances in terms of digestion yields, digestion time, price and repeatability (RSD

Polyomavirus BK (BKPyV) is ubiquitous among humans. Following primary infection, the virus remains latent predominantly in the hosts' uroepithelial cells. Up to 10 % of renal transplant recipients show a viral reactivation that can lead to polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PyVAN). In the absence of early treatments, the risk of graft loss is up to 80 %. Monitoring viral load in urine and plasma by real-time PCR after transplantation is the most common diagnostic tool to detect viral reactivation. In the present retrospective study, BKPyV-DNA loads in urine and plasma by quantitative real-time PCR were associated with clinical data, including HLA haplotype, blood parameters and viral genotype, of 40 renal transplant recipients at the University Clinics of Cologne. Seventeen out of 329 patients screened for BKPyV from January 2009 to October 2013 were detected BKPyV positive in urine only, whereas in 23 patients the virus became additionally detectable in plasma. Among these, ten patients progressed to PyVAN. Overall, the present study showed that the detection from the third month onwards after transplantation of a first viruric episode with a median viral load of 1 × 10(8) copies/mL, followed after few days by a first viremic episode with a median viral load of >1 × 10(4) copies/mL, was strongly associated with the development of PyVAN. In conclusion, the viral load and the temporal profile of the first viruric and viremic episode post-transplantation, in combination with specific features of the host immune response, should be considered as relevant clinical determinants of the risk of renal transplant recipients to progress to PyVAN.