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BACKGROUND Hydroxyapatite (HA) coated flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN) stimulates osteogenic activity. The role of HA-coated intramedullary nails remains unclear in normal bone lengthening. The goal of this study was to quantify the influence of FIN on the External Fixation Index (EFI) in patients with congenital lower limb discrepancy. METHODS Patients with femoral deficiency and fibular hemimelia underwent lengthening by the combined technique of external fixation with titanium (Ti) FIN or HA coated FIN and returned for follow-up at least 12 months after frame removal. RESULTS Seventy patients (mean age of 12.6 y) were included: 19 monofocal femoral lengthenings, 35 tibial monofocal lengthenings, 16 tibial bifocal lengthenings. The mean EFI's for those treated with and without HA-coated nails were not significantly different. The Conover posthoc analysis did not reveal a significant influence of the type of FIN on EFI in any subgroup. However, 2-way analysis of variance revealed simultaneous effects of nail types and age on the EFI in tibial bifocal lengthening.Significant positive correlation between the ratio "nail diameter/medullary shaft diameter" and EFI in tibial bifocal non-HA-coated FIN lengthening, and a significant positive correlation between age and EFI for femoral non-HA-coated FIN lengthening, tibial monofocal and bifocal HA-coated FIN lengthening were revealed.There were 4 cases of fracture at lengthening site required unscheduled surgery. In the non-HA-coated group, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between nail diameter and fracture occurrence at the lengthening site after frame removal. A ratio of

Structural and technological aspects of obtaining composite materials based on polytetrafluoroethylene are considered. It is shown that due to the manifestation of the inertness of the components in the processes of interfacial interaction with an increase in the degree of filling, within the framework of the traditional technological paradigm, a structural paradox is realized. This paradox consists in a proportional decrease in the tensile strength parameter of fluorocomposites with an increase in their degree of filling. Based on the concept of energy and technological compliance of components, technological principles for eliminating the negative impact of the structural paradox by controlling the structure of fluorine composites at various levels of organization: molecular, supramolecular, phase and interfacial are proposed. Efficient methods have been developed for manufacturing products from highly filled fluorine composites containing 25–35% (wt.) carbon fiber and having parameters of stress-strain characteristics that are 1.5–2.0 times higher than the parameters of the analogues "Flubon", "Fluvis".

It has been theoretically and experimentally proven that complex frequencies, immitance functions of complex frequencies, as well as resonance at complex frequencies are physically real. It follows from the above that the physical macrocosm has extra hidden dimensions. The information expands the fundamental knowledge on the structure of the Universe and may lead to reconsideration of certain basic concepts in mathematical, physical and engineering sciences.

Based on research of resonant and transitional processes in electric LC-, RL-, RC-, and LCRcircuits, the article offers theoretical and experimental proof of physical reality of complex frequency and other concrete complex numbers which are a function of complex frequency. Analysis of resonant processes in electric circuits has shown inconsistency in their conventional interpretation at real frequencies. On the contrary, interpretation of resonance at complex frequencies allowed explaining all the inconsistencies of its interpretation at real frequencies. We provide the description of experiments confirming physical reality of resonance at complex frequencies. As for transitional processes in electric circuits, their analysis by means of differential equations requires the solution of the respective characteristic algebraic equations. In this respect we demonstrate that the solution of algebraic equations with the use of real numbers rules out the existence of oscillation transitional process, and, therefore, does not conform to physical reality.

The inevitability of economic crises is objectively determined by ignorance of the mechanics of the “black box” of the economy and the inappropriate market policy. The article shows that the fundamental market process “goods-money-goods” is described with a second-degree differential equation, and, therefore, is potentially an oscillation process. However, in order to implement the economic oscillation processes of the commodity-money circulations, certain conditions have to be fulfilled, which are usually not fulfilled on their own. In order to comply with these conditions, the participants of the commodities market should be organized in a certain way. Cognition and use of the described oscillation processes in the economy allows making its development controlled, predictable and, eventually, crisis-proof. The article presents the main principles of the new science – the theory of oscillation economic systems, which allows developing new highly efficient economic structures. This new science even allows describing and ensures implementation of new economic processes, for instance, resonant processes.

It is shown, that the results of OPERA experiment become fully explainable, if to take into account physical reality of imaginaries and corresponding to them interpretation of the universe's hidden dimensions. Also it is explained, why from an experiment OPERA ensues, that neutrinos possess a zero rest mass.