Search

El presente estado del conocimiento propone revisar la literatura respecto a la justicia intergeneracional y su relevancia dentro del sistema educativo colombiano; considerando la importancia de sistematizar constructos teóricos conceptuales que permitan establecer las posibilidades de participación y la definición de los derechos inherentes a los estudiantes, con base en la justicia intergeneracional y los principios democráticos, entendida este tipo de justicia como la manera de percibimos como un todo colectivo, y preocupados por la suerte de los individuos de las generaciones venideras. Asimismo, se hace mención a la parte metodológica que se basa en un enfoque mixto considerando que este permite abordar datos teóricos y prácticos que ayuden a conocer la percepción del sujeto para descubrir los elementos en común. Y como cierre de esta revisión, se describirá las orientaciones a futuro que se contemplan en relación al tema.

La atención de los adultos mayores es una de las principales prioridades de la gestión de la salud, donde el apoyo familiar es esencial. El objetivo de este trabajo fue diagnosticar la situación actual del apoyo familiar en la atención de los adultos mayores de la comunidad Agua Fría. Se realizó una investigación no experimental, basada en el paradigma sociocrítico, con un enfoque mixto, descriptivo y transversal. La población de estudio incluyó a 83 familias con 122 adultos mayores, de los cuales 98 cumplieron con los criterios de selección para el análisis cuantitativo, utilizando el Cuestionario de Apoyo Social Percibido MOS, que permitió evaluar 4 dimensiones: emocional, instrumental, apoyo social y afectivo. Para el análisis cualitativo, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a informantes clave, que incluyeron a 10 familiares, 10 adultos mayores y 3 especialistas (un psicólogo clínico, un sociólogo y un trabajador social). Para el análisis de los resultados, se triangularon los criterios emitidos. Los resultados indicaron que las redes de apoyo mejor percibidas fueron la familia y las instituciones de salud, y que las dimensiones de apoyo de mayor nivel fueron la social e instrumental. Es importante que tanto los profesionales de la salud como las familias reconozcan la importancia del apoyo que deben brindar a las personas adultas mayores. Palabras clave: Adulto mayor; atención; apoyo familiar; familias.

Las taquicardiomiopatías por su fisiopatología de pérdida del acoplamiento miocárdico, proporcionan el sustrato adecuado para la disfunción ventricular que dan paso a arritmias ventriculares letales. Se reporta el caso de una paciente femenina de 75 años, sin antecedentes personales patológicos conocidos, que acude con historia de disnea de medianos esfuerzos que rápidamente progresa a disnea de pequeños esfuerzos asociado a palpitaciones. Posteriormente desarrolla taquicardia ventricular polimorfa no sostenida durante su estancia hospitalaria por lo que fue necesario realizar en dos ocasiones maniobras de reanimación con cardioversión eléctrica y el restablecimiento del ritmo sinusal con fármacos para mejorar la función del ventrículo izquierdo.

Este artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo analizar las prácticas y políticas para una integración exitosa de estudiantes con discapacidad en la educación inclusiva. Se seleccionaron al menos 20 artículos publicados en bases de datos como Scopus, Scielo y Latindex en los últimos 5 años para su análisis comparativo y presentación en un resumen analítico. Además, se seleccionaron otros 5 artículos originales en estas mismas bases de datos para realizar un análisis comparativo y extraer información adicional sobre el tema. Los resultados indican que la inclusión educativa efectiva de estudiantes con discapacidad requiere un enfoque más integral y colaborativo entre educadores y profesionales de la educación, así como una mayor capacitación y desarrollo de competencias necesarias para la educación inclusiva. Además, las políticas públicas y las instituciones educativas deben centrarse en la inclusión educativa y la integración exitosa de estudiantes con discapacidad en todos los niveles y contextos.

La finalidad epistémica de este artículo es comprender la educación y su enfoque participativo, como ese medio sistémico que integra y armoniza la convivencia escolar desde la integración familiar, dada su implicación en los sistemas de cambio y desarrollo integral. La primera, atiende la dinámica situacional y todo su componente cultural, familiar e institucional, develando las relaciones interpersonales desde una conciencia común de igualdad y respeto, donde la comunicación constituya ese mecanismo de concilio y superación. La segunda, posibilita el decantamiento de situaciones perturbadoras, limitantes del progreso personal, organizacional y académico en los estudiantes, al favorecerlos o encasillarlos en modélicas restrictivas por una asociación de controversias. Por ello, es impostergable construir una formación basada en el idealismo familiar, social y cultural, solo así, el conocimiento tendrá una implicación significativa.

La alimentación es el costo más importante en la producción animal. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar los métodos de secado en diferentes forrajes para la obtención de materia seca, horno con convección de aire (HC) y horno microondas (HM), y su efecto sobre la composición nutricional de cada forraje. Se estudiaron seis forrajes comúnmente utilizados en la producción animal: maíz duro amarillo (MA) (Zea mays), pasta de soya (PS) (Glycine max L.), rechazo de verde (RV) (Musa × paradisiaca), ensilaje de maíz (EM) , alfalfa (AL) (Medicago sativa) y raigrás perenne (RP) (Lolium perenne). Se analizaron 40 muestras de cada forraje, cada forraje fue secado en HC, así como en HM y se estimó el contenido de materia seca (MS), luego se le realizó un análisis bromatológico; Proteína bruta (Pb), extracto etéreo (EE), fibra bruta (Fb) y cenizas. Se utilizaron un análisis de varianza y prueba de Tukey (p

La presencia de fallas en el Sistema de Distribución Eléctrico (SED) de los alimentadores primarios de la Empresa Eléctrica Quito, generados por diversas causas, ocasionan interrupciones en el suministro eléctrico hacia los usuarios, donde la eficiencia del SED asociada a la confiabilidad se ve disminuida, por esta razón en el presente trabajo de investigación se realiza un estudio de confiabilidad en el sistema primario de distribución de la subestación Cristianía mediante el Método Monte Carlo para optimizar la continuidad del servicio eléctrico, para lo cual se considera la información de los mencionados alimentadores primarios en el periodo junio 2014 – junio 2020 y así se desarrolla la simulación del Método de Monte Carlo, considerando los estados de operación, con base a la generación de números aleatorios uniformemente distribuidos para el cálculo de disponibilidad (A) e indisponibilidad (U) forzadas y así obtener los índices de confiabilidad en el punto de carga para el periodo 2021-2023.

Honduras is the second country in central America along with Panamá with the greatest bat diversity, and the insectivorous bats are the most diverse in the Chiroptera order. The family Mormoopidae has the largest number of records in Honduras and these bats are important as pest control in crops where they are present. To understand the importance of the Mormoopidae family in Honduras, we need to know where it is distributed. A species distribution model is a tool that provides information on the distribution of the species, based on presences records and climate variables. We collected information from free access databases like GBIF, reports, and paper publication to obtain presence data in Honduras. To run the models, we used Maxent in dismo package. Our results show a similar distribution for all species of Mormoopidae family, the principal causes that limited the distribution of the species are ecosystem type and altitude; some species tolerated evergreen forest and others prefer dry forest, in terms of elevation, in some species is limited from lowland to 1500 m.a.s.l., like Mormoops megalophylla, Pteronotus psilotis, and Pteronotus gymnonotus, and others can inhabit above 2800 m.a.s.l., like Pteronotus fulvus, and Pteronotus mesoamericanus. We need to obtain more records of species like M. megalophylla, P. psilotis, and P. gymnonotus. More surveys in the eastern part of Honduras are necessary where there are many information gaps, this would help us to have more robust models and a better understanding of the distribution of these species.

In higher education institutions, it is essential to constantly strengthen the academic staff and thereby contribute to raising the quality of all its activities, such as teaching, research, and dissemination of culture, creating the conditions for the staff to collaborate through the Academic Corps have professional growth and in turn contribute to the academic capacity of the institution itself. A methodology with a qualitative descriptive and cross-sectional approach was chosen. Based on the main results, it was proposed to integrate into the Planning System for Educational Services of FIME a module for strategic projects that contributes to the development of the Academic Corps, which favors their strengthening for the transition towards consolidation, with significant results in growth. and improvement of the institution's indicators. With its implementation, it was possible to collect 16% of the plans belonging to the different Academic Corps (CA) of the faculty, in addition, the amount of CA in their different areas of knowledge increased.

López (2004) define la resistencia al cambio un fenómeno psicosocial que requiere ser estudiado para comprender las causas y así, preparar la estrategia que ayudará a reducir dicha resistencia, haciendo posible el cambio. López, Restrepo y López (2013) mencionan que la resistencia al cambio es un síntoma normal debido a que generalmente suele haber desinformación, un ambiente negativo, falta de conocimientos para llevar a cabo las tareas o no hay trabajo en equipo. Debido a esto, el personal involucrado en el cambio tiende a pensar que la modificación les dificultará su forma de desarrollar sus actividades o temen que los resultados no sean buenos. Para Castañeda, Morales y Arturo (1998), mostrar resistencia al cambio se considera una reacción normal para todos, debido a la incertidumbre de modificar alguna situación cotidiana que se transmite a través del aferrarse a un determinado proceso debido a que la mayor parte del tiempo no hay una estrategia clara para implementar el cambio.

Ante la coyuntura actual de un peligro de recesión a nivel mundial los inversores están buscando donde poder depositar sus excesos de liquidez, es por eso que en el caso colombiano con miras a elaborar un portafolio eficiente se pretende realizar un estudio del riesgo en las acciones de la Bolsa de Valores de Colombia. éste se realizará por dos vías: la primera será el cálculo de las betas de cada acción por periodos de tiempo durante los últimos años y el segundo es utilizando la metodología de Henry Markowitz. Para desarrollar el trabajo anterior se toma la canasta de acciones de la Bolsa de Valores de Colombia que pertenecen al indicador MSCI COLCAP, ellas son 25 acciones que pertenecen a 20 emisores que se rebalancean trimestralmente en cuanto a su porcentaje de participación de bursátil y dad y se actualizan cada año el primer día hábil del mes de noviembre.

The luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) is a glycoprotein member of the G protein-coupled receptors superfamily. It participates in corpus luteum formation and ovulation in females and acts in testosterone synthesis and spermatogenesis in males. In this study, we extracted RNA from sheep testicles and synthetized the cDNA to amplify the gene lhr-bed. This gene consists of 762 bp and encodes 273 amino acids of the extracellular domain of LHR. The lhr-bed was cloned into pJET1.2/blunt, then subcloned into pCOLD II, and finally, transformed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells. Because the induced rLHR-Bed protein was found in the insoluble fraction, we followed a modified purification protocol involving induction at 25 °C, subjection to denaturing conditions, and on-column refolding to increase solubility. We confirmed rLHR-Bed expression by means of Western blot and mass spectrometry analysis. It is currently known that the structure stem-loop 5′UTR on pCOLD II vector is stable at 15 °C. We predicted and obtained RNAfold stability at 25 °C. We successfully obtained the recombinant LHR extracellular domain, with protein yields of 0.2 mg/L, and purity levels of approximately 90%, by means of a single chromatographic purification step. The method described here may be used to obtain large quantities of rLHR-Bed in the future.

Introduction: Given that milk price fluctuations have an impact on local milk production, which affects a vital sector for the economy due to its contribution to GDP and the generation of direct and indirect jobs, this study seeks to establish what has been the effect of monetary incentives on the quality of milk from 164 dairy farms in the Ubaté and Chiquinquirá valley between March 2012 and March 2018. Methodology: To answer this question, it is hypothesized that the implementation of the quality payment scheme described in Resolution 0017 of 2012 positively affected the values with which the hygienic quality of milk is measured. To test this hypothesis, a mixed approach methodology was used (qualitative and quantitative), descriptive, correlational and explanatory, non-experimental, using a longitudinal model of panel data for the sample of milk producing farms. Results: The study allowed establishing that the current quality payment scheme (QPP), the lagged QPP and the price paid to the producer (PPP) have significant effect on decreasing milk microbiological counts, the price per gram of solids and the amount of solids per liter are significant increase milk microbiological counts. Conclusions: It was possible to conclude that it is advisable to increase the participation of bonuses per CFU on the total price, this would incentivize a faster improvement of hygienic quality.

Introducción: las parasitosis intestinales siguen siendo un problema de salud pública que afectan a países en vías de desarrollo como México, ya que se encuentran entre las 20 principales causas de enfermedad, produciendo una pérdida económica importante, y afecta a individuos de todas las edades y sexo, en especial la población pediátrica. Objetivo: conocer el panorama general de los protozoos intestinales en México en un periodo de 20 años, con la finalidad de reforzar acciones tendientes a disminuir su incidencia y prevalencia. Métodos: a partir de la búsqueda bibliográfica en PUBMED, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Scielo, Google Académico y ClinicalKey se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de los protozoos intestinales en México del año 2000 al 2020; se obtuvo infromación epidemiológica y reportes clínicos con la finalidad de realizar análisis comparativo. La República Mexicana se dividió en 8 zonas geográficas. Resultados y conclusiones: se evidenció un comportamiento y enfoque epidemiológico influenciado por las carácterísticas diversas de cada zona, además de afirmar que las infecciones por protozoos intestinales siguen persistiendo considerablemente, entre ellas destacan las producidas por Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica y Blastocystis hominis. Sin embargo, existen zonas en las que no es posible interpretar los datos debido a que cuentan con información limitada. Así mismo, para el control de las parasitosis, es necesario intensificar la investigación, difusión de la información, aplicar medidas de prevención y el correcto diagnóstico dentro de la población mexicana.

Blastocystis spp. es el protista intracelular que en los últimos años ha infectado a más de mil millones de personas a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, el aumento en la prevalencia en México y su potencial patógeno son inciertos, por lo que este microorganismo aún se encuentra bajo investigación. Principalmente a nivel pediátrico, la blastocistosis es estudiada con mayor atención, debido a que destaca sobre otros agentes en diversos estudios realizados mundialmente y en México. El objetivo de este trabajo fue mediante revisión bibliográfica, evidenciar la frecuencia y su transición parasitaria como el agente más prevalente en la actualidad, pese a que no se asocia a sintomatología clínica.

Stress is a protective mechanism inherent in living organisms. In humans, it fulfils an adaptive function, capable of generating responses at different levels: physiological, metabolic, endocrine, cognitive, among others. Constant exposure to stressful events or stimuli is capable of exceeding the person's resources, causing discomfort and progressively wearing down health. Recently, a significant increase in stress-associated diseases has been observed. The consequences of this problem are multiple; personal, socioeconomic, and professional difficulties. Current evidence shows that daily stress will tend to increase in the upcoming years, affecting the quality of life and mental health of the population in general. Both environmental and natural factors as well as the economic and social repercussions derived from the current pandemic tend to further aggravate this problem. Given this scenario, developing strategies that promote mental health and the prevention of its associated pathologies is a priority. One way to develop more effective intervention programs is through the use of biomarkers, many of which show high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, and which represent a wide interest within the clinical area and psychotherapeutic intervention. The objective of this article is to make a general review of the main biomarkers used in clinical practice, as well as potential biomarkers that allow the identification of early signs of health problems related to mental stress in a more efficient and accessible way.

This article shows the mathematical development to determine the length and cycle time of a furnace that is used for heating parts in the hot forming process. The input parameters, the required production capacity and the temperature to reach the austenite phase in the material were used. For the mathematical process, it was necessary to know the stages for the process, considering that there are two methods: the direct and indirect process. Subsequently, the number of annual pieces that should be produced per year was determined, thereby being able to conclude the cycle time that should be estimated for the furnace; Likewise, some thermal parameters that the oven must have were known, such as the internal temperature, which helped to know its length, in order to meet the demands of the production volume. This work aims to present alternatives to the industries dedicated to the stamping process, specifically hot forming stamping, based on the analysis of the selection of the heating equipment, based on the production needs.

A partir de la recepción que el Estado de Guatemala ha hecho a nivel constitucional del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos se ha venido generando, en forma paulatina, una transformación muy significativa en las fuentes sistema normativo guatemalteco. El presente artículo aborda tal variación, afirmando que, esta metamorfosis resulta de la sumatoria de sistema jurídicos de protección de derechos humanos (sistema universal y sistema interamericano) a los que pertenece el Estado de Guatemala, los cuales, al ingresar al sistema jurídico nacional forman una nueva estructura de protección a los derechos humanos, tomando, como, al bloque de constitucionalidad como una herramienta interpretativa idónea para integrar y armonizar la normativa nacional e internacional. Asimismo, se analiza las obligaciones y deberes internacionales que surgen de la recepción constitucional de los tratados y convenios de derechos humanos, así como, la importancia de un efectivo control de convencionalidad para el cumplimiento de las responsabilidades adquiridas soberanamente por el Estado

Este artículo analiza los factores socioeconómicos y su relación con la productividad en la región del Catatumbo, zona golpeada históricamente por diferentes agentes del conflicto armado, quienes destinaron el territorio para el cultivo ilícito de estupefacientes y el contrabando. Esta investigación presenta el panorama socioeconómico de la región y da a conocer nuevas oportunidades económicas y sociales en pro de la región. Adicionalmente, esta investigación se desarrolla mediante una metodología de tipo cualitativa con método inductivo y tipo de estudio descriptivo, cuyo objeto es especificar las variables: índice de necesidades básicas insatisfechas, ordenamiento territorial, conflicto armado, economía, finanzas públicas, salud, vivienda, servicios públicos, educación, medio ambiente, medición de desempeño municipal, demografía y población. Para finalizar, se concluye que la región del Catatumbo es altamente rica en recursos naturales, lo que ofrece la oportunidad nacional e internacional de comercializar su producción agrícola; sin embargo, esta oportunidad es desaprovechada debido al desconocimiento de los agricultores o las asociaciones productivas del Catatumbo sobre el potencial productivo de la región.

This article presents the impact that the redesign of the Tactical Planning System had on a Higher Education department on its users. Using a quantitative methodology and following the cross-sectional descriptive design, a questionnaire was applied to each person in charge in order to obtain their opinion related to the modifications made to the Tactical Planning format, likewise, the user's response to innovation was studied, if they perceive benefits in their management and access to the Planning System. Among the results, the improvement is observed when describing the users who, by doing this redesign, made it easier for them to capture the Planning Exercise

Heat stress induces failures in the physiological mechanisms that regulate the body temperature of farm animals and causes a loss in their productive and reproductive potential. Thus, we performed a scoping review to systematically map, describe, and classify primary research that assessed the effect of heat stress on the reproductive, physiological, and productive parameters of livestock. Electronic databases were searched to retrieve full-text, peer-reviewed experimental or cohort studies published from 1980 to August 2018. We included in vivo and in vitro studies exposing animals or cells to heat stress conditions and used a control group. Studies were evaluated based on title and abstract and then selected for final inclusion based on full text. We performed data charting to describe and visualize the evidence. In total, we included 466 studies, among which bovines and porcines were the most frequent species studied. Reproductive and physiological parameters were the main groups of outcomes assessed, and studies using adult females predominated. Seventy percent of the studies were experimental, and almost half of the studies used natural environmental conditions to assess the effect of heat stress in animals. Most of the studies were performed in the Americas and Asia, and three journals provided one-third of the publications. The systematic evidence synthesis presented herein outlines the trends of research performed to assess the effect of heat stress on livestock and allowed us to define future secondary studies to extend our knowledge about the negative impact of heat stress on the productivity of farm animals.

intragastric balloons (IGBs) are a minimally invasive, increasingly popular option for obesity treatment. However, there is only one worldwide guideline standardizing the technical aspects of the procedure (BIBC, SOARD 2018).to construct a practical guideline for IGB usage by reproducing and expanding the BIBC survey among the Spanish Bariatric Endoscopy Group (GETTEMO).a 140-question survey was submitted to all GETTEMO members. Twenty-one Spanish experienced endoscopists in IGBs answered back. Eight topics on patient selection, indications/contraindications, technique, multidisciplinary follow-up, results, safety, and financial/legal aspects were discussed. Consensus was defined as consensus ≥ 70 %.overall data included 20 680 IGBs including 12 different models. Mean age was 42.0 years-old, 79.9 % were women, and the mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 34.05 kg/m². Indication in BMI25 kg/m², 10 absolute contraindications, and nutritional and medication measures at follow-up were settled. A mean %TBWL (total body weight loss) of 17.66 % ± 2.5 % was observed. Early removal rate due to intolerance was 3.62 %. Adverse event rate was 0.70 % and 6.37 % for major and minor complications with consensual management. A single case of mortality occurred. IGBs were placed in private health, prior contract, and with full and single payment at the beginning. Seven lawsuits (0.034 %) were received, all ran through civil proceeding, and with favorable final resolution.this consensus based on more than 20 000 cases represents practical recommendations to perform IGB procedures. This experience shows that the device leads to satisfactory weight loss with a low rate of adverse events. Most results are reproducible compared to those obtained by the BIBC.

Conventional and commercially available DNA extraction methods have several limitations regarding, for instance, contamination, and complex and slow precipitation and recovery processes. Herein, we report the synthesis of oxygen and phosphorus-doped Graphitic carbon nitride structures (g-POCN), via a novel Zinc-catalyzed one-pot solvothermal approach, and its application in the extraction of genomic DNA (gDNA) from a vegetal matrix (P. argentatum). Experimental and molecular modeling analyses demonstrate the high affinity of gDNA with g-POCN, which provided highly efficient gDNA extraction processes, with extraction yield, as well as integrity and quality of the extracted gDNA, comparable or superior to a commercial extraction kit and isopropanol extraction. Moreover, under suitable elution conditions, this method allows the easy removal of high concentrations of gDNA from g-POCN, rendering this method as a low-cost, simple, and fast approach for the extraction of even small amounts of gDNA. Remarkably, the extracted gDNA shows no degradation, and no inhibition of the polymerase chain reaction. Therefore, g-POCN represents a promising material for the highly efficient, cost-effective, and biocompatible extraction of DNA, which could stimulate research focused on broad DNA sources, e.g., RNA extraction, plasmids, ssDNA, etc.

Bruises threaten the welfare of cattle because they cause pain, suffering, and stress during the pre-slaughter stage. Thus, we used meta-analyses to estimate the prevalence of carcass bruising in cattle from the American continent, determined the characteristics of the bruises, and calculated the odds ratio (OR) of risk factor categories associated with bruising. We searched electronic databases to retrieve primary studies conducted in the American continent, which reported cattle carcass bruising, analyzed the size, location, shape, and age of the bruises, and assessed risk factors for bruising. We included 46 studies from nine countries comprising 928 447 cattle carcasses with an overall prevalence of 59.5 % (95 % CI: 51.9 – 66-9) and 2.9 (range 3.4 – 7.4) bruises per carcass in average. The prevalence doubled from 30.7 % during 1991 – 2000 to 64.2 % during 2011 – 2020. Fresh, small-sized bruises of the lowest severity and located mainly in the hindquarter were highly prevalent (37.5 – 66.4 %). The removed meat due to bruising ranged 0.11 – 1.12 kg/carcass with an accumulated weight of condemned meat between 15.6 – 647 kg. Among intrinsic factors, older cattle, dairy cattle, and female cattle had greater odds of bruising (OR=1.57 – 1.98). For extrinsic factors, the odds for bruising increased 1.4 – 2.2 in cattle sourced from auction markets and exposed to poor handling, suboptimal transportation conditions, and deficient facilities. In cattle from America, bruises are a concern because their prevalence is growing and 60 % of cattle assessed in the studies suffered a bruise. Improving facilities and transportation conditions together with proper training of the personnel during the handling and transportation of the cattle will reduce bruising incidence.

Worldwide, Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS) are the main agents responsible for chronic respiratory disease in poultry. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate their occurrence. We searched electronic databases to find peer-reviewed publications reporting the molecular detection of MG and MS in poultry and used meta-analysis to estimate their pooled occurrence (combined flock and individual), aggregating results at the regional and national levels. We performed a subgroup meta-analysis for subpopulations (broilers, layers, breeders, and diverse poultry including turkeys, ducks, and ostriches) and used meta-regression with categorical modifiers. We retrieved 2,294 publications from six electronic databases and included 85 publications from 33 countries that reported 62 studies with 22,162 samples for MG and 48 studies with 26,413 samples for MS. The pooled occurrence was 38.4% (95% CI: 23.5-54.5) for MS and 27.0% (20.4-34.2) for MG. Among regions, Europe and Central Asia had the lowest occurrence for both pathogens, while MG and MS were highly prevalent in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, respectively. MG occurrence was higher in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan, whereas China, Egypt, and Ethiopia reported a higher occurrence of MS. MS and MG were more prevalent in the breeders and layers (62.6% and 31.2%, respectively) than in diverse poultry. The year of publication, the sample size, and the level of ambient air pollution (measured indirectly by PM2.5) were associated with the occurrence of both mycoplasmas. Our study revealed a high and heterogeneous occurrence of MG and MS and justifies the need for an early detection and improved control measures to reduce the spread of these pathogens.

Resumen Se describe la riqueza mastozoológica de la bioregión del Pacífico nicaragüense, una región que por sus características geológicas han dado como resultado una variedad de formaciones naturales como, bosques secos, lagos, lagunas cratéricas, esteros y ríos. Estas características han sido determinantes en los patrones de distribución de 144 especies de mamíferos silvestres que habitan la región (70% de la riqueza nacional). Los grupos más diversos son los murciélagos con el 58 % del total (84 especies) y los roedores con el 17% (25 especies). El 14% de las especies (20 especies) están asociadas al bosque seco. El Pacífico sur, está influenciado por la humedad del Caribe y la costa lacustre presenta una mayor riqueza de especies que la zona noroccidental (la cual es más seca), un patrón que se explica por la diversidad de las especies de murciélagos y roedores. Un total de 12 especies presentan problemas de conservación a nivel mundial o nacional (Peligro de Extinción, En Peligro o Vulnerables). Se reporta la extinción para la región del Pacífico del país de dos especies, el jaguar (Panthera onca) y el danto (Tapirus bairdii). Palabras clave: distribución, diversidad, ecosistema, especies, extinción, hábitat.

We aimed to describe and compare characteristics and outcomes of patients with a worsening heart failure episode included in the RECOLFACA registry during 2017-2019 vs population from VICTORIA trial. 2528 patients were included, 1890 (74.8%) had an ejection fraction45% and a worsening episode. VICTORIA population was similar to RECOLFACA patients in mean age (67.3 vs 66.9 years), ejection fraction (28.9% vs 28.4%), the prevalence of COPD (17.1% vs 15.7%), and the median eGFR (61.5 vs 61.4 mL/min/1.73m2). RECOLFACA patients were mostly women, with a lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease. The 1-year heart failure hospitalization rate was 29.6% in the placebo group of VICTORIA, compared to 26.9% in RECOLFACA. Patients enrolled in the RECOLFACA that met the VICTORIA definition had more similar characteristics and outcomes compared to the VICTORIA population. There is an opportunity to improve this unmet need with the use of vericiguat.

El siguiente trabajo investigativo consiste en formular un plan estratégico de internacionalización para la exportación de vinos y licores artesanales, aprovechando que el departamento del Norte de Santander, Colombia, tiene alto potencial en el sector hortofrutícola. El vino es un producto que se caracteriza por su enorme fragmentación y enfoque, el color y la variedad de la materia prima utilizada, que da lugar a un amplio abanico de variedades de vinos y de distintos precios. Es aquí donde la empresa Vinos y Licores Artesanales del Norte ve un potencial. Para el desarrollo del objetivo principal, el cual consiste en proponer un plan estratégico de internacionalización para la exportación de vino blanco de arroz (riso) en el municipio de Chinácota, Norte de Santander, se plantean unos objetivos claves como son: elaborar un estudio de mercado para el vino blanco de arroz (riso), identificando su mercado objetivo; determinar la capacidad productiva y exportable de la empresa Vinos y Licores Artesanales del Norte; definir los costos, los tiempos y la distribución física internacional para el proceso de internacionalización del vino blanco de arroz (riso); y proponer estrategias de internacionalización para el vino blanco de arroz (riso).

This research was carried out in response to the crisis that we face at a global level in which health is vulnerable to covid-19, impacting on various organizational contexts, strongly driven to react using technology through digital tools in order to respond and functionally to work responsibilities, it is considered important that mipymes manage to strengthen the relationship between technology and employees and minimize the risk of being left behind. It is a descriptive research, in which the bibliographic review of the evaluation of talents, analysis of the cleaver test, specifying requirements to develop software to be implemented in mipymes through human capital management was considered, providing information on 16 styles of behavior of talents to join the organization or collaborators. In this way the organization has the opportunity to be its own generator of change, not only by measuring the competencies of its collaborators, but also by being designed and organization to enhance what people are capable of thinking, creating and doing while face and resolve labor situations in favor of the organization.

Background: The Wnt/β catenin pathway promotes bone mineralization stimulating proliferation, differentiation, and survival of osteoblasts; it also inhibits osteoclast differentiation and osteocyte...

Este artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo analizar la educación personalizada como un enfoque efectivo para el aprendizaje, examinando sus fundamentos teóricos, componentes clave, efectividad y desafíos en la práctica educativa. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura en español publicada en los últimos cinco años, utilizando bases de datos como Scopus y otras relevantes en el campo de la educación. La metodología incluyó la selección de estudios basados en criterios de calidad y relevancia, la categorización de los temas y conceptos, y la síntesis y discusión de los hallazgos en función de las categorías analíticas. Los principales hallazgos revelan que la educación personalizada puede tener efectos positivos en la motivación, la satisfacción y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes, especialmente cuando se implementa de manera adecuada y en contextos apropiados. Sin embargo, también se identificaron limitaciones y desafíos en la investigación y práctica existentes, como la variabilidad de la efectividad en función de factores contextuales y de implementación, y las preocupaciones sobre la posible exacerbación de la segregación y la desigualdad entre los estudiantes.

Escobedia grandiflora (L.f) Kuntze is an hemiparasite plant, whose propagation is difficult. The aims of this study were: (1) to determine the protocol for E. grandiflora seed disinfection; (2) to evaluate seed germination with 3-Indole Acetic Acid (AIA) and Gibberellic Acid (AG3) application; and (3 to evaluate the in vitro seedling development in two types of gelling with different AIA concentrations. Optimal disinfection was achieved using sodium hypochlorite since 0% of the seedling were contaminated and 100% germinated. Additionally, a better germination was obtained without the use of hormones, also Phytagel gelling favored the seedling growth. Regarding the AIA concentration, the seedlings reached a better length with 10mg/l of AIA, however a greater root length was found without the application of AIA. We conclude that it is possible to obtain E. grandiflora vitroplants from the seed without AIA and AG3 hormones addition. However, it is important to evaluate other hormones and concentrations in order to reduce seedling time in in vitro conditions. Escobedia grandiflora (L.f) Kuntze es una planta hemiparasita, cuya propagacion es dificil. Este trabajo se planteo: (1) Determinar el protocolo de desinfeccion de las semillas, (2) evaluar su germinacion con la aplicacion de Acido 3-indol Acetico (AIA), y Acido Giberelico (AG3), y (3) evaluar el desarrollo de plantulas in vitro en dos tipos de gelificante y a diferentes concentraciones de AIA. Mediante esta investigacion se encontro que la desinfeccion de semilla fue mejor en hipoclorito de sodio durante 90 segundos, ya que presento 0% de contaminacion y 100% de germinacion. Adicionalmente se obtuvo una mejor germinacion sin el uso de hormonas. Por otro lado, el gelificante Phytagel favorecio el mayor crecimiento de plantulas. En cuanto la concentracion de AIA, se obtuvo una mayor longitud de la raiz sin la aplicacion del AIA, sin embargo, la longitud total de la plantula fue mejor con 1,0 mg/l de AIA. Se concluye que es posible la obtencion de vitroplantas de E. grandiflora a partir de semilla, sin adicion de las hormonas AIA y AG3 en las concentraciones evaluadas, sin embargo, es importante evaluar otras concentraciones y otras hormonas para acortar el tiempo de las plantulas en condiciones in vitro.

Descripción de los casos. Se estudiaron 23 muestras de pelos y escamas de ganado bovino Limousin, Holstein y brangus con lesiones sugestivas a dermatomicosis, en las que se identificó T. verrucosum. Las muestras con lesiones se recolectaron de tres sitios: Tequisquiapan, Puebla y la Ciudad de México.Hallazgos clínicos e interpretación. Los animales presentaron lesiones alopécicas, circulares y con prurito en ojos, cara, cuello y dorso. La evolución y las características de las lesiones fueron compatibles con hongos dermatofitos.Tratamiento y evolución. Las lesiones de los animales de Tequisquiapan se lavaron con agua y jabón, se les aplicó una solución yodada, vitaminas a, d y e, y difenhidraina. Mientras las de los bovinos de Puebla y la Cd. de México se lavaron con una mezcla de ácidos orgánicos, biocidas orgánicos, compuestos peroxigenados y surfactantes, y se les aplicaron vitaminas a, d y e. Todos los animales mejoraron a los 20 días del tratamiento.Pruebas de laboratorio. A las muestras clínicas se les observó directamente con hidróxido de potasio (koh) y se les cultivó en agar dextrosa y agar Mycosel adicionado con tiamina. La identificación de T. verrucosum se confirmó por la observación de microconidios, macroconidios y cadenas de clamidoconidios. El estudio histopatológico se realizó con la piel de las lesiones, se tiñeron los cortes con hematoxilina-eosina (he) y ácido peryódico de Schift (pas).Relevancia clínica. La dermatomicosis es una micosis de carácter zoonótico, lo que representa un importante problema de salud pública y animal, debido al riesgo de contagio de animales sanos y del personal involucrado en su atención y manejo.

La paz y la salud son dos categorías centrales en la educación superior y las de mayor relevancia en los procesos de formación profesional en educación física, recreación y deporte, al desempeñar un rol destacado en estas dimensiones. Con el artículo se presentan los resultados de la investigación “Paces y saludes en los trabajos de grado de la Licenciatura en Educación Física de la Universidad de Antioquia”. La metodología privilegió la perspectiva cualitativa, con apoyo en el análisis de contenido para inferir y desocultar lo no aparente en los documentos —trabajos de grado—. Se concluye con la investigación la poca presencia de estas dos nociones en los informes de grado de los futuros profesionales, lo que demanda análisis de los currículos en función de su pertinencia social y cultural.

Background Many models for predicting dengue epidemics use incidence and short-term changes in climate variables, however, studies in real-life scenarios for correlations of seroprevalence (SP) with long-term climate variables and with integration of socio-economic factors are scarce. Our objective was to analyse the combined correlation between socio-economic and climate variables with the SP of dengue in Mexico. Methods We performed a seroepidemiological ecological study on the Mexican Pacific coast. Dengue SP was estimated by the presence of immunoglobulin G antibodies in 1278 inhabitants. We implemented multiple correlations with socio-economic, climatic and topographic characteristics using logistic regression, generalized linear models and non-linear regressions. Results Dengue SP was 58%. The age-adjusted correlation was positive with the male sex, while a negative correlation was seen with socio-economic status (SES) and scholl level (SL). The annual temperature showed a positive correlation, while the altitude was negative. It should be noted that these correlations showed a marked ‘S’ shape in the non-linear model, suggesting three clearly defined scenarios for dengue risk. Conclusion Low SES and SL showed an unexpected paradoxical protective effect. Altitude above sea level and annual temperature are the main determinants for dengue in the long term. The identification of three clearly delineated scenarios for transmission could improve the accuracy of predictive models.

Concerned about a quality education, with challenges of growing uncertainty about the future of Higher Education Institutions, overcoming the challenge of entering and successfully transitioning students to this level of studies, has been the reason for this analysis, in the institutions Academic studies is an effect that has been generalizing and spreading, achieving a result where what has been learned can be made to last, understanding the issues that are addressed in class, Academic Advising has been, in effect, the resource to guide the student. The purpose is to obtain school success with the Institutional Program of Academic Counseling in a Higher Education Unit, so that the analysis of the trend and evolution of approval and disapproval is the way in which it has been carried out by collecting data about the failure rates, approval, population of advised in the courses taught. Once these data were obtained, they proceeded with their organization and analysis using a statistical model that shows us the positive impact, in turn, there is a period of contributing to improve the indicators of the academic competitiveness of the Unit

Today, Mexico is facing a crisis over scarcity and the consequent rise in commodity prices. This situation is expected to continue, because the area available for cultivation, livestock and fishing is reaching its limit, while the population and its food needs are increasing. The proposed system presents an alternative in the production of food for self-consumption in rural and urban areas, consisting of three levels for fish rearing, poultry and vegetable production, and incorporates technology to control its development. The proposed prototype envisages a structural part that supports three modules. The first module is intended for the rearing of fish with a system of filtration and recirculation of water. The second module is intended for the cultivation of vegetables, with a system for the control of the necessary nutrients of vegetables, and in turn, the wastes of plants serve as food to poultry. The third module is intended for poultry rearing, with a system that concentrates and treats waste, which serve as nutrients for vegetables.

In this work, the effect of the boronizing thermochemical treatment on the adherence and surface morphology of the boride layer formed in DIN UC1 steel was evaluated. The process was carried out by packing at the temperature of 1273 K, at the times of 4800, 6000, 7200 and 14400 seconds. The HRC adherence test based on the VDI 1398 standard, was simulated in COMSOL 5.0®; analysing the effect of the thickness of the boride layer and the roughness on the Von Mises stress, in addition to the stress on the indentation footprint; in which it was observed that by increasing the thickness of the layer from 22.2 to 37.8 µm the stresses increased, and therefore the adhesion of the layer on the substrate improved, which causes only the formation of microcracks. On the other hand, in the greater layer thickness (60.04 µm) the layer delaminates. Therefore, for an industrial application of DIN UC1 steel treated thermochemically by borurization, layer thicknesses up to 37.8 µm are recommended.

Since 2009, Mexico faces a crisis due to scarcity and the consequent increase in prices of basic products. This situation is expected to continue, because the area available for cultivation, livestock and fishing is reaching its limit, while the population and its food needs are increasing. Today, strategies must be used to accelerate the production of plant and animal food that reduce costs and counter shortages. This article presents the development of a self-supporting vertical modular prototype for the production of vegetables and meat (poultry and fish) for the Sierra Norte region of Puebla, through the design and integration of an automated control system responding to the need to provide an alternative in food production. The prototype is made up of three modules: the first module is for raising fish, the second module is for vegetable production, the third module is for raising poultry. In this way, the project intends that, based on the methodology put in place, it can be implemented for food production in our region.

In this work, an H bridge was built and controlled to be used as a frequency variator in electromagnetic induction heating. Due different frequency values are required for this process depending on its diameter, it is necessary to adjust the pulse rate for each specific case. The H bridge was built using the N type MOSFET, model IRF640. Its driving capacity is 18 Ampere and it can operate at 200V. For its operation, the integrated circuit IR2110 was used, which can operate a MOSFETS or IGBTs bridge that works up to 500V. Pulse generation was performed with the Arduino board. As a result, a load frequency of 5 KHz was achieved, which is sufficient for use in induction heating of an inch diameter steel bar.

In this work, a reused automotive battery based on a study of existing technologies is proposed. The applied technologies were classified by the materials used in the construction of the electrochemical cells, the important characteristics were identified, among which are: the storage capacity, the nominal voltage of their cells, among others. Lead batteries for cost will continue to occupy a considerable market share for conventional automotive electrical systems, but due to their performance these batteries are not used in powertrains. Nickel metal hydride batteries withstand greater work stress, have a higher energy density and are used in the propulsion systems of hybrid vehicles. Due to the demand for energy and power that electric vehicles require, lithium ion technology is used.

Several electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria have been validated for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH); the majority in Caucasian subjects from Europe and North America. Diagnostic utility of ECG criteria to detect LVH has never been established in our population; nonetheless they are frequently used.To evaluate the diagnostic utility of different LVH ECG criteria in a Northern Mexican population and to determine the effect of gender, age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) on their performance.We conducted an observational, case-control study in patients divided according to the presence of LVH in an echocardiogram (Echo). We calculated the accuracy, sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 22 ECG criteria.Four hundred thirty-two patients were studied (202 had LVH). The Dalfó criterion (ECG18. SV3 + RaVL) had the best diagnostic performance with a Se of 56%, Sp of 71.3%, PPV 62.9%, NPV 65% and a diagnostic accuracy (95%CI) of 64.1% (59.5-68.6). This criterion had the highest accuracy in both genders, in all BMI, in older patients (60 years) and in those with positive Echo ischaemic heart disease (IHD); it also performed well in patients with history of IHD and in hypertensive patients. VDP Cornell had the best accuracy in patients less than 60 years old, and in patients with non-ischaemic findings by Echo.The Dalfó criteria had the overall best accuracy in the detection of LVH, and specific populations.