Search

Ödünleyici ilişkiler alanyazında şaşırma, karşıt beklenti, iki tümce arasında uyumsuzluk, çatışma ya da uygunsuzluk olarak tanımlanmıştır. Ödünleme çeşitli dilsel kaynaklar kullanılarak açık biçimde işaretlenebildiği gibi, örtük olarak da gerçekleştirilebilmekte ve bağlamsal bilgiye dayalı olarak dinleyici tarafından algılanabilmektedir. Önceki çalışmalarda ödünlemenin karşıtlığın gösterilmesi, olası yanlış anlaşılmaların önlenmesi, düzeltme/onarım, uzlaşma ve konu yönetimi işlevleriyle kullanıldığı ortaya konmuştur. Diğer taraftan, dil kullanımı ve cinsiyet ile ilgili geleneksel bakış açısı, kadınların ortak paydada buluşma, anlaşmazlıktan kaçınma ve kibar dil kullanma eğiliminde olduğunu savlamaktadır. Ödünlemenin söylemsel işlevleri dikkate alındığında, kadınların ödünlemeyi erkeklerden daha sık kullandığı öngörülebilmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmanın amacı Türkçe sözlü söylemde (i) ödünlenmenin işaretlenmesi ve ödünleyici dilsel kaynakların kullanımında ve (ii) ödünlemenin işlevlerinde (varsa) cinsiyet farklılıklarının Etkileşimsel Dilbilim çerçevesinde belirlenmesidir. Çalışmanın veri tabanı altı saatlik Türkçe gündelik söylem kayıtlarından elde edilen çevriyazı metinlerinden oluşmaktadır. Bulgularımız, ödünlemenin en çok açık biçimde gerçekleştirildiğini (83.5%), ancak cinsiyetler arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığını göstermiştir. Türkçe sözlü söylemde en sık kullanılan ödünleyici dilsel kaynağın ama olduğu saptanmıştır (33.7%). Ödünlemenin işlevleri açısından ise, veri tabanımızda ödünlemenin en çok karşıtlığın gösterilmesi (49.4%) amacıyla kullanıldığı, ancak cinsiyetler açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığı ortaya konmuştur. Çalışmamızda ödünlemenin işaretlenmesi ve işlevleri bakımından cinsiyete dayalı bir farklılık saptanmamıştır. Bu bulgular, dil kullanımının konuşucuların cinsiyetine göre değil, söylem bağlamına göre biçimlendiği ortaya koyması bakımından cinsiyet ve konuşma biçemleri ile ilgili güncel görüşü desteklemektedir., Concessive relations have been defined in terms of concepts such as surprise, counter-expectation, incompatibility or conflict between clauses in literature. Concession can be marked explicitly by a range of linguistic resources or expressed implicitly and perceived by the hearer based on contextual cues. In previous studies, various functions of concession including expressing a contrast, preventing potential misunderstandings, correction/repair, alignment and topic management have been reported. Traditional view on gender and language allege that women tend to seek common ground, avoid disagreement and be polite. The current view, on the other hand, claim that discourse context is determinant on such tendencies. Considering the discursive functions of concession, it can thus be presumed that women opt for concession more frequently than man do. Therefore, the aim of this study is twofold: to determine (if any) gender-based differences (i) in the marking and use of concessive resources and (ii) in the functions of concession in Turkish spoken discourse within the framework of Interactional Linguistics. The database of the study consists of the transcriptions of six-hour daily Turkish conversations. Findings have revealed that concession is mostly marked explicitly (83.5%) with no significant difference between genders and the most commonly used concessive marker is ama (but) by both genders (33.7%). As for the functions, the concessions are mostly used to express a contrast (49.4%) with no significant difference between male and female speakers. These findings support the view that it is not the gender of the speakers but the discourse context that shapes the language use.

Kawasaki disease, known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is a multi-system disease of unknown aetiology that occurs in young children under 5 years of age. The recurrence rate of Kawasaki disease is as rare as 1–3%. Especially in cases with coronary artery involvement, recurrent Kawasaki disease should be investigated in terms of underlying rheumatologic diseases such as periodic fever syndromes, microscopic polyangiitis, polyarteritis nodosa, and systemic-onset juvenile arthritis. In this study, we report homozygote mutations in mevalonate kinase and familial Mediterranean fever genes in a recurrent Kawasaki disease with coronary dilatation.

We aimed to evaluate cardiac functions and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters that are determinant in the development of atrial and ventricular arrhythmia in children with celiac disease.Twenty-eight patients with celiac disease followed up between March 2017 and June 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. 33 age-and sex-matched healthy children were included as the control group. Echocardiography (ECHO) and 12-lead ECG were performed in all patients and controls. Of the 28 patients, 16 were girls (57.1%) and their mean age was 9.46±4.20 years. The mean duration time of celiac disease was 2.17±2.21 years. The Tp-e interval, QTc, QTc dispersion, and Tp-e / QT ratio were detected longer in celiac patients than in the control group (p, Çölyak hastalığı tanılı çocuk hastalarda atriyal ve ventriküler aritmi gelişiminde belirleyici olan elektrokardiyogram (EKG) parametrelerini ve kardiyak fonksiyonları değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. 2017 Mart-2020 Haziran dönemlerinde çölyak hastalığı tanısı ile takip edilen 28 hasta retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Yaş ve cinsiyet uyumlu 33 hasta kontrol grubu olarak alındı. Tüm hasta ve kontrol grubuna Ekokardiyografi (EKO) ve 12 kanallı elektrokardiyogram tetkiki yapıldı. Hastaların 16'sı kız (%57,1) olup ortalama yaşları 9,46±4,20 yıl idi. Ortalama çölyak hastalığı takip süresi 2,17±2,21 yıl idi. Çölyak hastalarında Tp-e intervali, QTc, QTc dispersiyonu, Tp-e/QT ve Tp-e/QTc oranları kontrol grubuna göre daha uzun saptandı (p

Aim: Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital anomaly innewborns. The aim of this study is to evaluate the congenital heart disease innewborns referred to the pediatric cardiology outpatient clinics.Material and Method: A total of 607 patients admitted to the PediatricCardiology Outpatient Clinics between March 2017 and June 2018 during the first30 days of life were evaluated retrospectively. Electrocardiogram was performedon all newborns. The cardiovascular system examination, electrocardiogram evaluationand echocardiography were performed to all newborns.Results: 271 (44.6%) of the patients were female. The mean age and weight was12.25±8.93 days (0-30 days) and 3.57 ± 0.64 kg (1.85-6.0), respectively. Themost frequent presenting cause was murmur. 19 of the patients have congenitalanomaly. The most frequently detected anomaly was Down syndrome.Echocardiographic evaluation showed no abnormal findings in 168 (27.7%) of thepatients. The most common congenital heart disease was atrial septal defect andsecondly ventricular septal defect.Conclusion: Echocardiographic examination was normal in most of the patients. Themost frequent presenting cause was murmur. Echocardiographic examination shouldbe performed on patients suspected of having congenital heart disease becausethe patients may have any different findings and symptoms during neonatalperiod. Early cardiologic evaluation is very important in the early diagnosisand treatment of congenital heart diseases., Amaç: Doğumsal kalp hastalığı yenidoğanlarda en sık görülen doğumsalanomalidir. Çalışmamızın amacı çocuk kardiyolojipolikliniğine başvuran yenidoğan dönemindeki olguları doğumsal kalp hastalığıyönünden değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Mart 2017-Haziran 2018 tarihleri arasında çocuk kardiyoloji polikliniğine yaşamın ilk 30gününde başvuran 607 vaka geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. Tüm olgularaelektrokardiyogram çekildi. Kardiyovasküler sistem muayenesi, Elektrokardiyogram değerlendirilmesi ve ekokardiyografiyapıldı. Bulgular: Olguların 271'si (%44,6)kız idi. Ortalama yaşı 12,25±8,93 gün (0-30gün) ve kilosu 3,57±0,64 kg (1,85-6,0) idi. En sık başvuru nedeni üfürüm idi.Hastaların 19'unda ek anomali mevcuttu, en sık saptanan anomali ise Down sendromu idi.Ekokardiyografik değerlendirmede hastaların 168’inde (%27,7) herhangi biranormal bulguya saptanmadı. En sık tespit edilen doğumsal kalp hastalığıatriyal septal defekt idi, ikincisıklıkta ise ventriküler septal defekt idi.Sonuç: Çocuk kardiyolojipolikliniğine en sık başvuru nedeni üfürüm olup olguların çoğununekokardiyografisi normal idi. Yenidoğan döneminde doğumsal kalp hastalığıbulguları farklılık gösterebileceği ve hatta hiçbir bulgu vermeyebileceği içinşüphe duyulan hastalarda mutlaka ekokardiyografik inceleme yapılmalıdır. Erkenkardiyolojik değerlendirme kalp hastalıklarının erken tanı ve tedavisinde çokönemlidir.

The Eurasia Tunnel, a 5.4-km tunnel connecting the Asian and European sides of Istanbul, Turkey, was opened for operation in December 2016. This paper describes the air quality modeling that was conducted during the design phase of the structure, to evaluate the impact of the tunnel traffic on ambient air quality in the vicinity of the tunnel. The ventilation of the tunnel consists of longitudinal forced ventilation with vertical extraction through two stacks located near the Asian and European portals of the tunnel. The analysis was conducted using the AERMOD computer program for three pollutants CO, NO2, and PM10. Model results show that pollutants will rapidly disperse once released from the stack and will not affect air quality in the vicinity of the tunnel. The most critical parameters which controlled the ventilation system design were found to be NO2 and PM10. Maximum concentrations are not expected to violate the pertinent Turkish and EU air quality standards. Overall, this analysis shows that the ventilation system is efficient for the dispersion of the pollutants.

Esra Ertan Yazar,1 Tevfik Özlü,2 Muzaffer Sarıaydın,3 Mahşuk Taylan,4 Aydanur Ekici,5 Derya Aydın,6 Ä°brahim Güven Coşgun,7 Nagihan Durmuş Koçak8 On behalf of the COHOV Study Group 1Department of Pulmonology, Yedikule Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; 2Department of Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey; 3Department of Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey; 4Department of Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey; 5Department of Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey; 6Department of Pulmonology, Balıkesir Chest Disease Government Hospital, Balıkesir, Turkey; 7Department of Pulmonology, Afyonkarahisar Government Hospital, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey; 8Department of Pulmonology, Sureyyapasa Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Background: Domiciliary noninvasive ventilation (NIV) use in stable hypercarbic COPD is becoming increasingly widespread. However, treatment compliance criteria and factors related to compliance remain to be defined. Methods: This research was designed as a prospective, cross-sectional, multicenter real-life study. Chronic hypercapnic COPD patients who were using domiciliary NIV for at least 1 year and being followed up in 19 centers across Turkey were included in the study. The patients who used NIV regularly, night or daytime and ≥5 hours/d, were classified as “high-compliance group,” and patients who used NIV irregularly and

Summarization: In the past decades, subsurface non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contamination has been recognized as one of the most widespread and challenging environmental problems. Thus, researchers have focused their efforts on developing and testing the efficiency of remediation methodologies, able to address the unique nature of these contaminants. Recently, in-situ flooding techniques for the accelerated removal of NAPLs trapped in the subsurface have been proposed, where additives are injected together with water upgradient of the NAPL-contaminated area in order to alter the physio-chemical properties of the contaminants, such as interfacial tension, and enhance their solubilities. In this work, the efficiency of ethanol enhanced NAPL remediation is addressed. To this end, a non-linear, multi-objective optimization strategy is developed by combining a multiphase flow simulation model with evolutionary algorithms. Two conflicting optimization objectives are considered: minimizing operation cost and maximizing remediation efficiency, while preventing uncontrolled NAPL mobilization. More specifically, the first objective involves the operation cost of the procedure, which is directly proportional to the pumping rate, duration and ethanol volume used. The second represents the environmental considerations of the problem that, in this work, are described by the maximization of free product removal and the prevention of DNAPL vertical spreading. Presented on: Procedia Engineering

Purpose: To investigate the spectrum of organisms causing endophthalmitis and their sensitivity to commonly used antimicrobial agents. Methods: Medical records of 80 consecutive patients treated at Beyoglu Eye Hospital for endophthalmitis from January 2001 to April 2006 were reviewed. Specimens were obtained from either the vitreous (93%, 81/87) or anterior chamber (7%, 6/87) during pars plana vitrectomy or vitreous tap, and were inoculated into blood culture bottles. A Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test was performed to determine antibiotic susceptibility. The outcome measures included isolates identified and antibiotic sensitivity of the specimens. Results: Fifty-six of 87 (64.4%) isolates were Gram-positive organisms, 29 (33.3%) were Gram-negative organisms, and 2 (2.3%) were fungi. The most common organism group identified was coagulase-negative staphylococci in 26.4% (23/87). While vancomycin was active against all Gram-positive isolates tested (100%), ceftazidime had the highest susceptibility rate (100%) for Gram-negative organisms isolated. Conclusions: Although coagulase-negative micrococci predominated in this series, a high isolation rate for Gram-negative organisms was obtained. High susceptibility rates for ofloxacin make it an alternative to ceftazidime and vancomycin in both Gram-negative- and Gram-positive-derived endophthalmitis, respectively. Studies with larger series and additional antibiotics are needed to confirm these findings.

We present the case report of a war victim child with severe burn scars, orthopnoea, and dyspnoea due to diffuse pulmonary thromboembolism. During ICU stay, a central venous catheter’s 45-mm wire embolised into the heart. The embolised wire was successfully removed via transhepatic access through the creation of an artificial simple snare.

A special deformity associated with the use of left atrial disc hubless atrial septal occluders has been described in 3 children. This chalice-shaped deformity that occurred during the use of Occlutech and Lifetech septal occluders was given the name "Holy Grail Configuration". Despite being easily reversible, reduction of the metal load on the left atrium has been suggested to have some negative effects.

One of the most rare and dangerous complications of a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt involves the formation of a pseudoaneurysm. A pseudoaneurysm may rupture or may result in other adverse events including compression of mediastinal structures or collapse of the underlying lung parenchyma. Shunt-related pseudoaneurysm may be associated with shunt occlusion, bacteremia, or pulmonary hemorrhage. We describe two cases complicated by large pseudoaneurysm formation, following systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt operations. The patients in question had recurrent pulmonary hemorrhage. Both underwent successful placement of covered coronary artery stents.

Background: The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, telithromycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, gemifloxacin and moxifloxacin against 78 Neisseria gonorrhoeae and 31 Ureaplasma urealyticum strains, which were isolated from patients with urethritis in Istanbul, were determined and compared. Additionally, the activities of penicillin and ceftriaxone against N. gonorrhoeae strains were explored. Methods: MICs were determined by agar and broth dilution methods for N. gonorrhoeae and U. urealyticum, respectively. Results: The susceptibility rates for penicillin and tetracycline in N. gonorrhoeae strains were 35.9 and 24.3%, respectively. All gonococcal strains were susceptible to ceftriaxone, with very low MICs (MIC90 0.008 µg/ml). Telithromycin was highly active against N. gonorrhoeae and U. urealyticum strains (MIC90 0.25 µg/ml for both). Ciprofloxacin was the most active quinolone against N. gonorrhoeae (MIC90 0.008 µg/ml) while quinolone resistance was detected in a single strain (1.3%). Conclusions: Tetracycline and penicillin should not be the option in empirical treatment of N. gonorrhoeae infections due to the very low susceptibility rates. Ceftriaxone continues to be the first choice antibiotic in the treatment of gonococcal urethritis.

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy caused by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. In some reports, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) has been identified as an extraintestinal symptom of CD. We aimed to further investigate the possible association between CD and SNHL by examining a greater number of pediatric CD patients.The study was carried out from March to September 2014 and included 110 pediatric patients with biopsy-confirmed CD (220 ears) and 41 age- and sex-matched controls (82 ears); participants were evaluated by tympanometry and pure tone audiometry (frequency, 250-8000Hz frequency).Audiometric bone conduction thresholds were significantly different between the CD patients and the controls (p0.05), but there were no significant differences in pure tone averages for air conduction (p0.05). When the results for CD patients were analyzed according to duration of disease (≤36 months and36 months), a significant difference in bone conduction thresholds (p0.05) was noted, with significant increments at the later stages of disease. However, this difference was not sufficient to define clinical hearing loss, as the pure tone average thresholds remained below 20dB.These results indicate that subclinical hearing loss may be present in children with CD, which could presage more serious hearing impairments at older ages and later stages of the disease. Hearing screenings should be recommended for children with CD in order to prevent the potentially unfavorable effects of hearing loss on the emotional, behavioral, cognitive, and sensorimotor development of these patients.

Gonullu, Nevriye/0000-0003-4289-1975; Gonullu, Nevriye/0000-0003-2177-4235; Zileli, Mehmet/0000-0002-0448-3121 WOS: 000247238100014 PubMed: 17522873 Objective The rate of postoperative infections is approximately 1% in spine surgery. However, when metal implants are used, postoperative infection rates significantly increase and were reported between 2.1 and 8.5%. This study aim to set up an infection model in the rat spine with a metal implant. Materials and methods Forty white male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided in four groups. In all rats, under operation microscope, a 3 mm titanium microscrew was implanted in the thoracolumbar area (T10-L1) after laminar decortication. In Group I (control group), sterile isotonic solution and in other three groups, different concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus [Group II: (10(2)), Group III: (10(3)), Group IV: (10(6))] were squirted on the decorticated lamina site. All animals were sacrificed after 2 weeks, and then blood cultures and cultures from fascia, muscle and bone were obtained. Bacterial number in each tissue was measured as colony-forming unit per gram tissue. Titanium microscrews were placed in 0.5 ml tryptic soy broth and vortexed than plated on trypticase soy agar to determine bacterial growth. Two animals from each group were subjected to histological examination. Results Blood cultures obtained by intra-atrial puncture after 2 weeks were negative in all groups indicating no systemical infection developed. Bacterial cultures were negative in all specimens of Group I (control group). A significant osseous infection was confirmed in Groups II, III and IV. Comparison of bacterial counts in bone cultures showed no significant difference between Group III (10(3) CFU/10 mu l) and Group IV (10(6) CFU/10 mu l) (P > 0.05), while both groups had significantly higher counts than Group II (10(2) CFU/10 mu l) (P > 0.05). Microscopic findings of supurrative inflammation were present only in Group IV (10(6) CFU/10 mu l). Conclusions This study shows that inoculation of S. aureus in 10(6) CFU/10 mu l concentration at the decorticated lamina after implantation of a titanium screw in rat spine is a reproducible model for spinal infection and can be used for the animal model of prophylaxis and treatment and of postoperative infection.