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Based on the assessment of the long-term results of various surgical treatment strategies for patients with combined hemodynamically significant lesions of the coronary basin and internal carotid arteries, to develop a model for choosing the optimal revascularization strategy for patients with multifocal atherosclerosis. In 391 patients with combined hemodynamically significant atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary bed and internal carotid arteries, various options for reconstructive operations were performed. 1 - Staged surgery in the volume of coronary artery bypass grafting followed by carotid endarterectomy (n = 151, 38.6%); 2 - Combined coronary bypass surgery and carotid endarterectomy (n=141, 36%); 3 - Hybrid revascularization in the volume of percutaneous coronary intervention and carotidal endarterectomy (n = 28, 7.2%); 4 - Phased surgery in the volume of carotidal endarterectomyand subsequent coronary bypass surgery (n = 71, 18.2%). The study analyzed the frequency and structure of complications in the remote postoperative period (33.95±12.05 months - for of the total sample of patients). To select the optimal tactics of revascularization, the prognostic coefficients of all levels of risk factors for each tactic were evaluated and, on their basis, integral indicators characterizing a comprehensive assessment of risk factors for the corresponding surgical tactics were calculated. The developed model of personalized choice of the optimal surgical strategy, based on a comprehensive assessment of risk factors for an unfavorable outcome (clinical-demographic, coronary and cerebrovascular), makes it possible to predict the likelihood of developing unfavorable cardiovascular ones.

This review of the literature discusses the solution of unresolved issues related to carotid endarterectomy in Russia: (1) A program has been created for choosing the tactics of revascularization of patients with simultaneous atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary and carotid arteries; (2) Using the methods of computer modeling, studying the genetics and morphology of restenosis, it was found that the classic carotid endarterectomy with plasty of the reconstruction zone with a patch is an unsafe type of revascularization; (3) An eversion carotid endarterectomy with transposition of the internal carotid artery over the hypoglossal nerve has been developed, which makes it possible to prevent damage to the latter during repeated carotid endarterectomy for restenosis; (4) It has been established that carotid endarterectomy is associated with a high risk of complications in patients over 75 years of age; (5) It has been proven that emergency carotid endarterectomy in the first hours after the development of a stroke is not safe because. combined with the maximum number of all non-favorable cardiovascular events; (6) 3 new types of carotid endarterectomy with carotid glomus preservation have been developed.

Goal Analysis of the results of thrombectomy from the arteries of the lower extremities in patients with COVID-19 against the background of different severity of respiratory failure. Materials and Methods This retrospective, cohort, comparative study for the period from 05/01/2022 to 20/07/2022 included 305 patients with acute thrombosis of the arteries of the lower extremities against the background of the course of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant). Depending on the type of oxygen support, 3 groups of patients were formed: group 1 ( n = 168) – oxygen insufflation through nasal cannulas; group 2 ( n = 92) – non-invasive lung ventilation; and group 3 ( n = 45) – artificial lung ventilation. Results Myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke were not detected in the total sample. The highest number of deaths (group 1: 5.3%, n = 9; group 2: 72.8%, n = 67; group 3: 100%, n = 45; p < 0.0001), rethrombosis (group 1 : 18.4%, n = 31; group 2: 69.5%, n = 64; group 3: 91.1%, n = 41; p < 0.0001), and limb amputations (group 1: 9.5%, n = 16; group 2: 56.5%, n = 52; group 3: 91.1%, n = 41; p < 0.0001) was recorded in group 3 (ventilated) patients. Conclusion In patients infected with COVID-19 and on artificial lung ventilation, a more aggressive course of the disease is noted, expressed in an increase in laboratory parameters (C-reactive protein, ferritin, interleukin-6, and D-dimer) of the degree of pneumonia (CT-4 in overwhelming number) and localization of thrombosis of the arteries of the lower extremities, mainly in the tibial arteries.

Objective Analysis of the dynamics of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the results of various types of carotid endarterectomy (СЕЕ) (classical with plasty of the reconstruction zone with a patch, eversion, formation of a new bifurcation, autoarterial reconstruction, glomus-saving techniques) in patients with resistant arterial hypertension (RAH). Materials and methods The actual cohort, comparative, retrospective, open research for the period from January 2013 to December 2021 includes 1577 patients with significant hemodynamic stenosis of the internal carotid artery Depending on revascularization strategy five groups were formed: Group 1: 18.3% ( n = 289) – classical Carotid endarterectomy with plasty of the reconstruction zone with a patch (from diepoxy-treated xenopericardium or synthetic); Group 2: 29.9% ( n = 472) – eversional CEE with cut-off of carotid gloomus (CG); Group 3: 6.9% ( n = 109) – the formation of a new bifurcation; Group 4: 7.4% ( n = 117) - autoarterial reconstruction; Group 5: 37.4% ( n = 590) – glomus-saving CEE (1 technique – according to A. N. Kazantsev; two technicians – according to R.A. Vinogradov; three technicians – according to K.A.Antsupov). According to the 24-h blood pressure monitor in the preoperative period, the following degrees of AH were identified: 1° – 5.7% ( n = 89); 2° – 64.2% ( n = 1013); and 3° – 30.1% ( n = 475). Results In the postoperative period, no significant differences were obtained in the frequency of deaths, myocardial infarction, stroke, hemorrhagic transformation. However, according to the frequency of the combined endpoint (death + myocardial infarction + ischemic stroke + hemorrhagic transformation), the lowest rates were observed in the group of classical carotid endarterectomy with plasty of the reconstruction zone with a patch and glomus-sparing CEE (group 1: 1.03% ( n = 3); group 2: 3.6% ( n = 17); group 3: 3.67% ( n = 4); group 4: 2.56% ( n = 3); group 5: 0.5% ( n = 3); p = 0.10). This is due to the absence of cases of labile AH and hypertensive crises among patients of groups 1 and 5, which was ensured by the preservation of carotid glomus (CG). As a result, the number of patients with 2 and 3 degrees of hypertension in these groups decreased statistically significantly. The vast majority of patients after these operations achieved a stable target SBP. In groups 2, 3, and 4, there was a statistically significant increase in the number of patients with 2 and 3 degrees of AH, which is associated with excision of the CG Conclusion Classical CEE and glomus-sparing CEE techniques make it possible to achieve a stable target SBP level in patients with RAH as a result of CG preservation. Removal or traumatization of the latter during eversional CEE, the formation of a new bifurcation, autoarterial reconstruction is accompanied by the development of labile hypertension, an increase in the degree of hypertension and a high risk of hemorrhagic transformation in the brain. Thus, the most effective and safe types of CEE in the presence of RAH are classical CEE with plasty of the reconstruction zone with a patch and glomus-sparing CEE, accompanied by the lowest incidence of adverse cardiovascular events caused by postoperative hypertensive crisis and hyperperfusion syndrome.