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Total number of pollen, pollen recognition, fructose, glucose, sucrose and moisture were examined in 41 honey samples collected in Ayder Plateau in August 2012. Following the pollen recognition in the samples, 36 taxa were detected. Castanea sativa Miller. pollen was found in all samples in a dominant. The total number of pollen (TPN-10 g) in 10g honey varieted between 3438 and 87056. It has been determined that honey samples were normal and dominant pollen. The moisture content in the samples ranged between 16.4-20.9%. In honey samples, fructose ranges from 14.05 to 52.82%, while glucose ranges from 14.31 to 49.24%., Ayder Yaylası'nda Ağustos 2012'de toplanan 41 bal örneğinde toplam polen sayısı, polen tanıma, fruktoz, glukoz, sükroz ve nem bakıldı. Örneklerde polen tanılamanın ardından 36 takson tespit edildi. Castanea sativa Miller. polen örneklerinin tamamında baskın olarak bulunmuştur. 10 gram baldaki toplam polen sayısı (TPN-10 g) 3438 ile 87056 arasında çeşitlenmiştir. Bal örneklerinin normal ve baskın polen olduğu belirlenmiştir. Numunelerdeki nem içeriği %16.4-20.9 arasında değişmiştir. Bal örneklerinde fruktoz %14.05 ile %52.82 arasında, glukoz ise %14.31 ile %49.24 arasında değişmektedir.

This study aimed to compare tissue levels of CD80 (pro-inflammatory macrophage-related surface marker), CD163, and CD206 (anti-inflammatory macrophage-related surface markers), and their ratios in periodontal and peri-implant health and disease. Altogether, 36 tissue samples were obtained from 36 participants with clinically healthy gingiva (n = 10), healthy peri-implant mucosa (n = 8), periodontitis lesions (n = 9), and peri-implantitis lesions (n = 9). CD80, CD163, and CD206 levels were assessed with immunoblotting. CD163 levels were found to be decreased (p = 0.004), and the CD80/CD163 ratio was found to be elevated (p = 0.002) in periodontitis lesions compared to healthy gingiva. Peri-implantitis lesions showed a tendency towards a higher CD80/CD163 ratio than in healthy peri-implant mucosa with a borderline difference (p = 0.054). No statistically significant difference was detected in CD80, CD163, and CD206 levels of periodontitis lesions when compared to peri-implantitis, and in healthy gingiva when compared to healthy peri-implant mucosa. A disruption in CD80/CD163 balance seems to be related to the pathogenesis of periodontitis and peri-implantitis, being less prominent in the latter. The reason behind this phenomenon may be either suppressed CD163 expression or reduced CD163+ anti-inflammatory macrophage abundance.

Atıksuların arıtılması neticesinde oluşan arıtma çamurlarının yeniden kullanılmasının sağlanması, atık arıtma sektöründeki öncelikli konulardan biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Atıksu arıtma çamurlarının bünyesinde bulunan çeşitli organik ve inorganik bileşikler, bu atıkların toprak düzenleyici olarak değerlendirilmesi alternatifini de beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu kapsamda, toprakta kullanılabilme potansiyeline sahip çamurların toprağa yapacağı katkıların ve/veya etkilerin laboratuvar ortamında yürütülen inkübasyon çalışmalarıyla değerlendirilmesi fayda sağlamakta ve yol gösterici olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, stabil hale getirilen evsel ve evsel nitelikli (gıda) arıtma çamurları 100t/ha oranında topraklara uygulanmış ve 12 aylık bir inkübasyon çalışması yürütülerek toprağın bazı kimyasal özelliklerinde meydana gelen değişimler irdelenmiştir. Yapılan araştırma sonuçlarına göre, denenen dozda çamur uygulaması toprakların pH değerini hafifçe düşürürken (maksimum 1 birim), EC25oC değerlerini arttırmıştır. Toprağa yapılan tüm arıtma çamuru uygulamalarının, kontrol toprağında yaklaşık %1, 6 seviyelerindeki kolay okside olabilir organik karbon içeriğini %2- 2,6 seviyelerine çıkarttığı tespit edilmiştir. Çamur uygulanmış topraklarda amonyum azotu değerleri kontrole göre çok büyük artış göstermezken nitrat azotu değerleri belirgin şekilde artmış ve 12 aylık inkübasyon döneminin sonunda 713 ila 1048 mg/kg seviyelerine ulaşmıştır. Yarayışlı fosfor konsantrasyonunun da çamur uygulamasına bağlı olarak 24-30 mg PO4-P/kg seviyelerinden 44-91 mg PO4-P/kg seviyelerine çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, 100 t/ha oranında yapılan evsel ve evsel nitelikli arıtma çamuru uygulamaları ile toprağın organik madde ve bitki besin maddesi içeriklerinin arttığı ve topraktaki biyokimyasal fonksiyonların geliştiği izlenimi edinilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında incelenen parametreler itibarıyla denenen arıtma çamurlarının toprak düzenleyici olarak kullanım potansiyelinin oldukça yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Reuse of wastewater sludges resulting from the treatment of wastewater is considered as a priority issue in the waste treatment sector. Various organic and inorganic compounds found in wastewater sludges provide an alternative to the evaluation of these wastes as soil conditioner. In this context, it is beneficial and guiding to evaluate the contributions and/or impacts of suitable sludges with the laboratory incubation studies. In this study, stabilized domestic and domestic-like (food) wastewater sludges were applied to the soil at a rate of 100t/ha and a 12-month incubation study was carried out to investigate the changes in some chemical properties of the soil. According to the results, sludge application decreased the pH of the soils slightly (maximum 1 unit) and increased the EC25oC values markedly. It has been found that all sludge applications increased the easily oxidizable organic carbon content of control soil from 1.6% to 2.45-2.75%. Ammonium nitrogen values in sludge treated soils did not increase significantly compared to control, while nitrate nitrogen values increased significantly and reached 713 to 1048 mg/kg levels after 12 months incubation period. In addition, available phosphorus concentration increased from 24-30 mg PO4-P/kg to 44-91 mg PO4-P/kg. As a result, the organic and plant nutrient contents of the soil increased and biochemical functions of the soil improved with wastewater sludge applications with dose of 100 t /ha. It is concluded that the potential use of the tested wastewater sludges as soil conditioners is quite high with respect to the parameters examined.

WOS:000529333500019 Our study was conducted to determinethe role of parental smoking status on the European Medical Association Smoking or Health (EMASH) nicotine dependence scores. Records of patients aged >= 18. registered at the Smoking Cessation Outpatient Clinics, were reviewed. Data of three groups (group 1: mothers' smoking status; group 2: fathers' smoking status; group 3: both parents' smoking status) were compared. A total of 902 patient records were analyzed (54.8% male, 45.2% female, age: 43.79 +/- 12.47 years). The average number of cigarettes smoked was 23.98 +/- 9.94/day, and the age of smoking onset was 19.11 +/- 5.94 years. There were more individuals with low EMASH score in the subgroup in which mothers did not smoke than that where mothers smoked (p=0.038). The percentage of females was higher (p=0.018) and the average age was lower (p=0.005) in that where mothers smoked. There were more individuals with high EMASH score in the subgroup in which fathers smoked than that where fathers did not smoke (p=0.026). There were more individuals with low EMASH score in the subgroup in which none of the parents smoked than that where both parents smoked (p=0.013). We found a strong relationship between smoking patterns and parental smoking. Smoking Cessation Clinic We would like to thank all the staff (nurses, secretaries) who had helped in the organization of the Smoking Cessation Clinic. We are grateful for the support and guidance offered by the Ethical Committee of Istanbul Medical Faculty.

Presently emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare but life-threatening disease, mostly seen in patients with urinary tract obstr uc- tion and diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by the production of gas and necrosis in the renal parenchyma, collecting systems, and perinephritic tissue. Radiologically, the Huang and Tseng classification is used to categorize the severity of the disease. Our case was 49 years old female pre- senting with unconsciousness, fever and bilateral Grade 3 lower extremity eodema one week after left percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedure because of urinary tract stone. Abdominal computerized tomography scan showed renal parenchymal and perinephritic tissue necrosis with the production of gas and renal vein thrombosis which was in accordance with Huang and Tseng classification Grade 3A. We treated our patient with the appropriate antibiotic, enoxaparin sodium, strict glycemic control, and supportive treatment without any surgical intervention or nephrectomy.

Background Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is characterized as a neurological deficit owing to an acute focal damage to the brain by cerebral infarction. A collateral score is the most significant factor evaluating the prognosis of AIS, its relationship with demographic data, serum biochemical parameters, and clinical disability in this field. Purpose Our research aims to examine the relationship between collateral score (CS) and biochemical parameters and clinical disability in patients with AIS with M1 occlusion in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Materials and methods We conducted a single-center retrospective study with 100 patients with AIS who are in the first 6 hours of ischemic stroke. Data for consecutive AIS patients were collected from February 2019 to May 2020. The collateral score was assessed by using developed scoring systems defined by Maas et al. The correlations between collateral score and demographic data, biochemical parameters, NIHSS scores (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale), mRS (modified Rankin scale) scores were recorded. Results The research was performed in 100 patients (median age, 71.55±11.46 years) and there was a statistically significant difference between elevated erythrocyte distribution width (RDW) and Maas collateral score (insular cortex) (p= 0.024) and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMO) and Maas collateral (leptomeningeal) score (p = 0.025). Conclusion In patients with acute MCA M1 occlusion, our analysis found a significant association between elevated RDW, low LMO parameters and collateral score. We assume that in terms of simple and quick usability in acute stroke prognosis, these parameters are useful and functional as a new biomarker.

Bu arastirmada kaba ve ince motor becerilerin kullanilmasini iceren 10 oturum ve 40 etkinlikten olusan motor gelisim egitim programinin 5-6 yas cocuklarinin kaba ve ince motor gelisimlerine etkisinin incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Bu amac dogrultusunda arastirmanin calisma grubuna Malatya il merkezinde tesadufen secilen bir anaokuluna devam eden 50 cocuk (25 kontrol-25 deney) dâhil edilmistir. Arastirmada on test-son test kontrol gruplu deneysel desen kullanilmistir. Verileri elde etmek icin arastirmacilar tarafindan gelistirilen genel bilgi formu ile kaba ve ince motor becerilerin kullanimini iceren motor gelisim degerlendirme formu kullanilmistir. Formda toplam 23 madde yer almaktadir. Formdaki maddelerin cocuklar tarafindan gerceklestirilip gerceklestirilmedigi arastirmaci tarafindan belirlenen uygulama yonergesi ve materyaller ile degerlendirilmistir. Verileri analiz etmek icin SPSS 22 paket programi kullanilmistir. Veriler normal dagilim gostermediginden grup ici karsilastirmalarda Wilcoxon Isaretli Siralar Testi, gruplar arasi karsilastirmalarda Paired Sample t Testi kullanilmistir. Sonucta; cocuklarin kaba ve ince motor gelisimlerinde deney ve kontrol grubu arasinda deney grubu lehine anlamli fark oldugu saptanmistir.

Bu çalışmada Galerdüzü-Ceymakçur Yaylası arasında kalan bölgenin florası çalışılmıştır. Yapılan flora çalışmasında 48 familyaya ait 131 cins ve 227 takson belirlenmiştir. Tespit edilen taksonlardan 6 tanesi Pteridophyta, 221 tanesi ise Spermatophyta bölümüne aittir. Spermatophyta bölümüne ait taksonlardan 3’u Gymnospermae, 219’ü ise Angiospermae alt bölümü içerisinde temsil edilmektedir. Taksonların endemizm oranı % 5,26 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanındaki taksonların fitocoğrafya bölgelerine göre dağılımı; fitocoğrafik bölgesi Avrupa-Sibirya % 67,54, İran-Turan % 2.19 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Akdeniz fitocoğrafik bölge elementi gözlemlenmemiştir. Geniş yayılışlı taksonların oranı ise % 29,82’dir. Çalışma alanında en fazla taksona sahip familyalar sırasıyla Asterceae (25 takson), Rosaceae (16 takson), Scrophulariceae (14 takson), Lamiaceae (12 takson) ve Poaceae (10 takson)’dur.

The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical parameter changes, aroma, melissopalynological properties, and heavy metal content of honey produced from different types of flora (chestnut and highland) in the Senoz Valley. For this purpose, the distribution of beehives at different elevation levels in the research area was determined by a layered random sampling method. Some characteristics of the honey samples were analyzed by standard laboratory methods. The highest average color (L and b) and the glucose, sucrose, Brix, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, and Cr values were found in the highland honeys; the highest color (a) and fructose, F/G ratio, proline, pH, conductivity, Fe, Cu, Al, and Mn values were found in the chestnut honeys. The difference between highland and chestnut honeys was statistically significant in terms of color (L and a), F/G ratio, proline, pH, electrical conductivity, Pb, Cu, and Mn. A total of 146 aromatic components were isolated in the chestnut and highland honeys.

Objective. To study pitavastatin’s effects on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB ) and adhesion molecules in human saphenous vein graft endothelial culture indicating its pleotropic properties. Materials and Method. Low-dose (0.1 μM/L) and high-dose (1μM/L) pitavastatin calcium were administered as a frontline therapy in human saphenous endothelial cell culture, followed by induction of inflammation by TNF-α and determination of mRNA level alterations of ICAM-1 and NF-κB genes of endothelial cells using the qRT-PCR method. Additionally, immunofluorescence method was used to show the expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1. Finally, LDH levels were determined by the ELISA method to quantify cytotoxicity. Results. ICAM-1 mRNA expression in the low-dose pitavastatin+TNF-α group was significantly higher than that in the TNF-α group and significantly lower than that in the high-dose pitavastatin+TNF-α group (for all comparisons, P = 0.001). The low-dose pitavastatin+TNF-α group had a similar NF-κB mRNA expression with TNF-α and high-dose pitavastatin+TNF-α groups. Conclusion. Pitavastatin increases ICAM-1 mRNA expression in saphenous vein endothelial cells. Furthermore, the effect of pitavastatin on adhesion molecules appears independent of NF-κB. Novel studies are needed in this field.

In this study, the financial performance analysis of the balance sheets andincome statements of five cement companies belonging to ABC group is performed.In this context, balance sheet items and income statement items of thesecompanies, which are named A, B, C, D and E, are examined. The main aim of this study is to examine theapplicability of the Gray Relational Analysis, which is a method of MultiCriteria Decision Technique. In addition, it is important to emphasize theimportance of selection of variables determined as evaluation criteria insimilar methods. Therefore, trend analysis used to select the evaluationcriteria. In first stage, trend analysis ofthese companies’ balance sheet and income statement is performed, and then inthe second stage, using the result of trend analysis as input, Gray relationalAnalysis are performed to evaluate the financial performance of thesecompanies. We examined that the companies with the worst financial performanceaccording to Gray Relational Analysis are the same companies which aims to growwith excessive borrowing., Bu çalışmada ABCgrubunun üyesi olan beş çimento firmasının bilanço gelir tablolarınınperformans analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda A, B, C, D ve E olarakadlandırılan firmaların 2012-2016 dönemine ait bilanço ve gelir tablo verileriincelenmiştir. İlk aşamada bu firmaların bilanço ve gelir tablolarınındönemdeki trend analizi gerçekleştirilmiş, ikinci aşamada ise trend analizisonuçları girdi verisi olarak kullanılarak gri ilişkisel analiz yöntemi ileperformans değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın temelamacı ise Çok Kriterli Karar Verme yöntemlerinden biri olan Gri İlişkiselAnaliz yönteminin bu alanda uygulanabilirliğini vurgulayarak, buna benzer olanyöntemlerde değerlendirme kriterleri olarak belirlenen değişkenlerin seçimininbir yöntemle yapılmasının önemini vurgulamaktır. Bu bağlamda seçilen yöntem isetrend analizidir. Firmaların Gri İlişkisel Analiz yöntemi kullanılarakyapılan performans analizi sonuçlarından yola çıkarak firma yöneticilerinindönemde almış oldukları finansal kararların doğruluğunun sınamasını yapmakmümkündür. Firmaların aşırı borçlanma ile büyüme çalışmaları büyük bir riskoluşturmasına rağmen, elde edilen bulgularda bu grup firmaların bir kısmınınrisk alarak büyüme yolunu seçtikleri ve bu dönemdeki finansal performanslarınındüşük çıktığı gözlemlenmiştir.

Objectives Warfarin is the most frequently used therapy as an oral anticoagulant medication for reducing the risk of thromboembolic complications. However, poor adherence to therapy may cause ineffective INR levels with increased complication risk. In our study, we aimed to show the rates of INR awareness of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) using warfarin and whether they achieved the targeted INR values. Methods In this study, 300 male (60%, n=180) and female (40%, n=120) patients over 18 years of age who applied to warfarin polyclinic and were receiving warfarin treatment due to AF were included. The levels of INR between 2-3 were estimated as effective. Same questionnaire was applied to all patients. Results Our study showed that 57% of the patients who used warfarin were not in the therapeutic range. We also determined that INR awareness was extremely low in the majority of the patients. In this study, 72.2% of the patients who used warfarin did not know the definition of INR, 68% of the patients did not know the side effects of the medicine, 75.7% of the patients did not know the precautions needed to be taken in daily life and 83.7% of the patients did not know the foods rich in vitamin K. Patients who knew the meaning of INR were more likely have INR levels in the effective range, but these rates were not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant relationship between the educational level, marital status, and INR control frequency of the patients with the achievement of targeted INR levels. Conclusion At the beginning of the warfarin treatment, advantages and disadvantages should be balanced by the doctor. The patient and patient's relatives should be informed directly and comprehensibly about the effects and side effects of the medicine, as well as the interactions, pursuance and precautions need to be taken in daily life. Various modern methods should be enabled for surveillance and the patients who are not in the therapeutic range should be followed closer.