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Complaints of diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms are common among endurance runners. These problems may interfere with athletic activities and be the main cause of underperformance during sports events. It is estimated that this difficulty affects 30 to 90 percent of long-distance runners. The most important pathophysiological factors affecting the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms are ischemia and mechanical damage to the intestines, as well as the secretion of neuroendocrine substances. The diet before physical exercise is also one of the most significant factors related to the appearance of gastrointestinal symptoms. Avoiding the intake of fat, caffeine, protein, fiber, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and dehydration before performance is one of the suggestions for preventing runner’s diarrhea. There are new recommendations for athletes, such as avoidance of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) and the intake of multiple transportable carbohydrates. It seems that a short-term gluten free diet has no effect on the performance of athletes but further research is needed. Mechanisms of runner’s diarrhea are still poorly understood, so more research needs to be conducted to improve the recommendations to runners.

Introduction and Purpose: Crons’ disease is a chronic illness of the digestive system. Its etiology is multifactorial and one of the factors is nutrition. That is why the researchers are trying to labour the valuable types of dietary therapy, which could be used in treatment of pediatric CD. The purpose of our review is to point out the impact of dietary therapy on achieving remission in pediatric Crohn’s disease. Materials and methods: We have reviewed the literature from the PubMed database searching for clinical trials, meta analysis and randomized controlled trials from the past years. The keywords we agreed on offered us the most informative articles and made us hope for the further development of our article. Brief Description Of The State Of Knowledge: Steroid therapy is the principle of CD treatment, but it has a number of side effects that influence the quality of pediatric patients’ life. It has been shown that the use of dietary therapies (EEN, CDED+PEN, SCD) enables the achievement of clinical and biochemical remission, mucosal healing and regulation of dysbiosis. There are many hypotheses explaining this effect, probably the reason of this is the exclusion from the diet of food products that provoke inflammatory processes. Summary: Despite its effectiveness, dietary therapies require motivation and full commitment from patients in order to achieve results. That is why it is so important to conduct further research in this area so that the selected therapy is as acceptable and tolerated by the patient as possible. In addition, education of children and parents, psychological and dietary support are also crucial in the treatment process.

Depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. It affects, according to WHO, nearly 300 million people worldwide, a number close to 3,8 % of the world’s population. Depression is not exclusively a mental disorder limited to psychiatry, nowadays it is present in all medical fields. It has a significant association with many comorbidities, as an example cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Additionally, depression often is manifested with psychosomatic symptoms. Both aspects lead clinicians to major diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Each one of dietary element: omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, selenium, iron, vitamin B12, vitamin D, folate, creatine was found to correspond with mental health in patients and the level of mentioned diet components is negatively correlated with depression risk of individuals. Each of the dietary aspect considered in the article has a significant correlation with depression disorder and might support the new multidisciplinary attitude toward it in mental health.

The medical use of botulinum toxin nowadays is widespread. Recent years show that use of botulinum toxin is not only used to control the muscular overactivity in bruxism, tension in temporomandibular disorders but also it can be applied for cosmetic reasons. The objective of this study was to view recent discoveries in this subject by conducting a systemic review of clinical trials published in the research works. Recent studies present efficacy in releasing pain in both: bruxism and temporomandibular disorders by minimizing symptoms and reducing the intensity of muscle contractions.The scientific works cited confirm a noticeable improvement in most symptoms occurring in the states mentioned above.

PIEKARSKA, Małgorzata, KASPERSKI, Radosław, PIKULICKA, Agata, PACEK, Katarzyna, JEDLINA, Klaudia, SZULC, Izabela, SWACHA, Weronika, AGHADI, Artur, JANCZEWSKA, Martyna & KAMIŃSKA, Izabela. Eating disorders in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetesmellitus. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;13(3):337-343. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.03.043 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/42006 https://zenodo.org/record/7641744 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 19.01.2023. Revised: 26.01.2023. Accepted: 15.02.2023. Eating disorders in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus Małgorzata Piekarska, Radosław Kasperski, Agata Pikulicka, Katarzyna Pacek, Klaudia Jedlina, Izabela Szulc, Weronika Swacha, Artur Aghadi, Martyna Janczewska, Izabela Kamińska Małgorzata Piekarska, Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4923, piekarska13@gmail.com; Radosław Kasperski, Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie, ORCID: 0000-0002-7364-3205, r.kasperski95@gmail.com; Agata Pikulicka, SZPITAL SOLEC w Warszawie, ORCID: 0000-0003-1693-8127, agapikulicka@gmail.com; Katarzyna Pacek, Centralny Szpital Kliniczny MSWiA w Warszawie, ORCID: 0000-0001-6947-558X; kasia.pacek1@gmail.com Klaudia Jedlina, Centralny Szpital Kliniczny MSWiA w Warszawie, ORCID: 0000-0002-2363-2620, klaudiajedlina@gmail.com; Izabela Szulc, Szpital Praski P.W. Przemienienia Pańskiego w Warszawie, ORCID: 0000-0002-2262-6886, izabelaszulc4@gmail.com; Weronika Swacha, Mazowieckie Centrum Stomatologii w Warszawie, ORICID: 0000-0002-1865-5967, weronka6@gmail.com; Artur Aghadi, Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie, ORCID: 0000-0001-9020-0433; aghadi.artur1995@gmail.com; Martyna Janczewska, Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny nr 4 w Lublinie, ORCID: 0000-0003-1310-4776; m.janczewska2002@gmail.com; Izabela Kamińska, Szpital Czerniakowski sp. z o. o. , ul. Stępińska 19/25, 00-739 Warszawa, ORCID: 0000-0002-5766-2262; izakam303@gmail.com; Abstrakt Introduction and purpose:Eating disorders are an ever-growing problem, both in the general population and also in the population of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, for this specific group of patients, there is a twofold higher risk of developing eating disorders, the occurrence of additional distinct forms of these disorders, the so-called diabulimia - consisting of deliberate restriction of insulin delivery or skipping insulin doses, which can consequently lead to poor metabolic control of diabetes , and even threaten the lives of patients. The purpose of this work is to present the current state of knowledge on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of eating disorders in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Brief description of the state of knowladge:The background of the onset of eating disorders in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus includes the lowered self-esteem accompanying early adolescence (when type 1 diabetes mellitus is most often diagnosed), stress, excessive focus on external appearance, as well as difficulties in accepting the diagnosis and a rather strict dietary regime. Since the treatment of eating disorders is long and difficult, the most important goal becomes effective prevention and rapid selection of patients with a predisposition to develop such disorders. The first screening tools - SEEDS, m-SCOFF and DEPS-R questionnaires - have already been developed, and the effectiveness of therapy sessions aimed at this group of patients is also being studied. Knowledge in this field is constantly evolving. Summary:Therapy of eating disorders in patients with type 1 diabetes should be targeted at this specific patient population. It requires cooperation and communication of teams dealing separately with these diseases, education of the staff and their thorough knowledge of the background of the problem, prompt action and, above all, the development of specific guidelines for management, methods of prevention and the earliest possible start of treatment, which will also include the patient's caregivers. Key words: eating disorders, disordered eating behaviors,type 1 diabetes mellitus, adolescents, diabulimia

PACEK, Katarzyna, PIEKARSKA, Małgorzata, PIKULICKA, Agata, JEDLINA, Klaudia, SZULC, Izabela, KASPERSKI, Radosław, SWACHA, Weronika & MAKOWSKA, Karolina. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - novel approach on future treatment. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;13(2):268-272. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.02.039 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/41034 https://zenodo.org/record/7510020 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 24.11.2022. Revised: 21.12.2022. Accepted: 06.01.2023. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis – novel approach on future treatment Katarzyna Pacek, ORCID: 0000-0001-6947-558X, kasia.pacek1@gmail.com, Centralny Szpital Kliniczny MSWiA w Warszawie, ul. Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warszawa Małgorzata Piekarska, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4923, piekarska13@gmail.com, Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie, Al. Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin Agata Pikulicka, ORCID: 0000-0003-1693-8127, agapikulicka@gmail.com, Szpital Solec, ul. Solec 93, 00-382, Warszawa Klaudia Jedlina, ORCID: 0000-0002-2363-2620, klaudiajedlina@gmail.com, Centralny Szpital Kliniczny MSWiA w Warszawie, ul. Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warszawa, Izabela Szulc, ORCID: 0000-0002-2262-6886, izabelaszulc4@gmail.com,Szpital Praski P.W. Przemienienia Pańskiego w Warszawie, aleja "Solidarności" 67, 03-401 Warszawa Radosław Kasperski, ORCID: 0000-0002-7364-3205, r.kasperski95@gmail.com, Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie, Al. Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin Weronika Swacha, ORICID: 0000-0002-1865-5967, weronka6@gmail.com, Mazowieckie Centrum Stomatologii w Warszawie, ul.Nowy Zjazd 1, 00-301 Warszawa Karolina Makowska, ORCID: 0000-0001-5467-3137, makowska.karolinaa@gmail.com, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Aleje Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin ABSTRACT Introduction Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal pulmonary disease that leads to progressive fibrosis and extremely poor resaults.. Since the etiology is unknown, there are highly limited options of the IPF treatment. The researchers are trying to discover the most valuable targets, leading them to the agents registered in different conditions or not registered as any other treatment. This innovative approach can result in IPF being determined as not fatal. Purpose The purpose of our review is to present possible future treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and point out the promising targets that could lead the researchers to the development of better IPF management. Materials and methods We have reviewed the literature from the PubMed database searching for clinical trials, meta analysis and randomized controlled trials from the past 5 years. The keywords we agreed on offered us the most informative articles and made us hope for the further development of our article. Results Our review shows that there are new targets that could significantly benefit IPF treatment. However, the means we presented in our review need more research to prove its safeness, effectiveness in slowing down the decline of the FVC, improving patients’ physical efficiency, their saturation level and most importantly their ability to stop the continuous fibrosis of the lungs. Conclusions The only treatment registered for IPF are nintedanib and pirfenidone, but the researchers continue the exploration of new possible measures to improve the survival rate and quality of life of the patients suffering from this fatal disease. Key words idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; pamrevlumab; lung transplantation; senotherapeutics; recombinant human pentraxin 2

KASPERSKI, Radosław, PIEKARSKA, Małgorzata, PACEK, Katarzyna, PIKULICKA, Agata, SZULC, Izabela, JEDLINA,Klaudia, SWACHA, Weronika & ŚWIERCZ, Kamila. Stroke prevention – review of the latest reports. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;13(2):255-260. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.02.037 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/41432 https://zenodo.org/record/7508362 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 16.12.2022. Revised: 21.12.2022. Accepted: 05.01.2023. Stroke prevention – review of the latest reports Radosław Kasperski, Małgorzata Piekarska, Katarzyna Pacek, Agata Pikulicka, Izabela Szulc, Klaudia Jedlina, Weronika Swacha, Kamila Świercz Radosław Kasperski, Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin, ORCID: 0000-0002-7364-3205, r.kasperski95@gmail.com Małgorzata Piekarska, Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4923, piekarska13@gmail.com Katarzyna Pacek, Centralny Szpital Kliniczny MSWiA w Warszawie, ul. Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warszawa, ORCID: 0000-0001-6947-558X, kasia.pacek1@gmail.com Agata Pikulicka, Szpital Solec, ul. Solec 93, 00-382, Warszawa, ORCID: 0000-0003-1693-8127 , agapikulicka@gmail.com Izabela Szulc, Szpital Praski P.W. Przemienienia Pańskiego w Warszawie, aleja "Solidarności" 67, 03-401 Warszawa ORCID: 0000-0002-2262-6886, izabelaszulc4@gmail.com Klaudia Jedlina, Centralny Szpital Kliniczny MSWiA w Warszawie, ul. Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warszawa ORCID: 0000-0002-2363-2620, klaudiajedlina@gmail.com Weronika Swacha, Mazowieckie Centrum Stomatologii w Warszawie, Nowy Zjazd 1, 00-301 Warszawa ORCID: 0000-0002-1865-5967, weronka6@gmail.com Kamila Świercz, Wojewódzki Szpital im. św. Ojca Pio, ul. Monte Cassino 18, 37-700 Przemyśl, ORCID: 0000-0003-0783-270X, kamila@swiercz.com.pl Abstrakt Introduction and purpose: According to WHO 15 million people suffer from stroke, one-third of which dies and the other one-third is permanently disabled. For this reason, this condition is a very important medical and social problem. It is one of the leading causes of death, after cardiovascular diseases and cancer. It is also one of the most common causes of disability in the adult population. The economic aspects are related not only to the costs of hospital treatment, but above all to rehabilitation and chronic treatment. The aim of this article is to present the most important stroke risk factors and, based on them, to describe recommendations for effective stroke prevention. A brief description of the state of knowledge: In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted on the relationship between various factors and the risk of stroke. It turned out that many stroke risk factors are modifiable and by using various methods we are able to significantly reduce the risk of its occurrence. The most important risk factor is the patient's hypertension. Others are cardiovascular diseases such as atrial fibrillation; diabetes, obesity, low level of physical activity, improper diet, consumption of alcohol and tobacco products. Summary: Through education and promotion of a healthy lifestyle in society (high physical activity, healthy diet, lack of addictions, taking care of mental health and avoiding excessive stress), as well as regular blood pressure and glucose control and effective treatment of conditions leading to stroke, the incidence of stroke among people can actually be reduced. This issue still requires further research and constant expansion of our knowledge. Key words: stroke; prevention; risk factors

PIKULICKA, Agata, PACEK, Katarzyna, PIEKARSKA, Małgorzata, KASPERSKI, Radosław, JEDLINA, Klaudia, SZULC, Izabela & SWACHA, Weronika. Depression development in patients with celiac disease. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;13(2):19-24. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.02.002 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/40989 https://zenodo.org/record/7411688 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 18.11.2022. Revised: 22.11.2022. Accepted: 07.12.2022. Depression development in patients with celiac disease Rozwój depresji u osób z celiakią Agata Pikulicka, SZPITAL SOLEC w Warszawie, ORCID: 0000-0003-1693-8127, agapikulicka@gmail.com; Katarzyna Pacek,Centralny Szpital Kliniczny MSWiA w Warszawie, ORCID: 0000-0001-6947-558X; kasia.pacek1@gmail.com Małgorzata Piekarska, Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4923,piekarska13@gmail.com; Radosław Kasperski, Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie, ORCID: 0000-0002-7364-3205,r.kasperski95@gmail.com; Klaudia Jedlina, Centralny Szpital Kliniczny MSWiA w Warszawie, ORCID: 0000-0002-2363-2620, klaudiajedlina@gmail.com; Izabela Szulc, Szpital Praski P.W. Przemienienia Pańskiego w Warszawie, ORCID: 0000-0002-2262-6886, izabelaszulc4@gmail.com; Weronika Swacha, Mazowieckie Centrum Stomatologii w Warszawie, ORICID: 0000-0002-1865-5967, weronka6@gmail.com; ABSTRACT Due to the increasing number of patients suffering from celiac disease (CD) and difficulties in diagnosing, scientists raise awareness of different symptoms that patients might present. CD is an autoimmune, genetical disease of small intestine however, symptoms might be related to many different systems apart from gastrointestinal one, for instance nervous system. A common and non-specific symptom of untreated CD might be depression. A gluten intake by patients with genetical predisposition results in antibodies production which can affect central nervous system causing depression. Moreover, we observe imbalance between amino acids and its metabolites, for example serotonin, which lead to mood disorder. In those patients who suffer from drug-resistant depression, testing for CD should be done and if they are positive, the patient should immediately start a gluten-free diet. This action could reduce symptoms of depression. The following article is a review of current knowledge related to correlation between CD and depression, its pathomechanism and gluten-free diet as a possible way of treatment. This article is based on available publications in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases. Keywords: celiac disease, depression, gluten-free diet