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IntroductionThis study aims to measure how transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurs in communities and to identify conditions that lend to increased transmission focusing on congregate situations. We will measure SARS-CoV-2 in exhaled breath of asymptomatic and symptomatic persons using face mask sampling—a non-invasive method for SARS-CoV-2 detection in exhaled air. We aim to detect transmission clusters and identify risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission in presymptomatic, asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals.Methods and analysisIn this observational prospective study with daily follow-up, index cases and their respective contacts are identified at each participating institution. Contact definitions are based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and local health department guidelines. Participants will wear masks with polyvinyl alcohol test strips adhered to the inside for 2 hours daily. The strips are applied to all masks used over at least 7 days. In addition, self-administered nasal swabs and (optional) finger prick blood samples are performed by participants. Samples are tested by standard PCR protocols and by novel antigen tests.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Colorado Multiple Institutional Review Board and the WHO Ethics Review Committee. From the data generated, we will analyse transmission clusters and risk factors for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in congregate settings. The kinetics of asymptomatic transmission and the evaluation of non-invasive tools for detection of transmissibility are of crucial importance for the development of more targeted control interventions—and ultimately to assist with keeping congregate settings open that are essential for our social fabric.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov (#NCT05145803).

This well–organized Symposium took place on 9–10 November 1985 in an air of optimism commensurate with the recent Nobel Peace Prize announcement. Some 250 participants gathered in well‐appointed surroundings of the Free University of Brussels for a day of lectures followed by a day of workshops. Amongst an impressive array of dignitaries Kevin Craig (Medical Campaign Against Nuclear Weapons, UK) proved an adroit chairman—supervising the delivery of the Symposium with appropriate obstetric puns.

A conference on the needs of Africa in the sphere of health and nutrition, organized jointly by the Medical Association for Prevention of War and the United Nations Association of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was held on 27 September 1986 at the Royal Society of Medicine, London. Brief accounts of the papers presented are reported here. The full proceedings have been published as a Supplement to the Journal of Tropical Pediatrics (Vol. 33, June 1987).

A new instrument designed to enhance use of the Gigli saw is particularly valuable in performing pelvic and long-bone osteotomies. This instrument has a dual function in aiding the passage of the Gigli saw and as a periosteal elevator. Design, implementation, and procedures are outlined with illustrations.