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In medical management, more and more information technology is applied to improve work efficiency. For example, the hospital information management system is used for basic information and medical management of patients, and the onedimensional and two-dimensional codes on the wrist are used for quick reading or inputting patient identification (ID), etc. Although computerization is more convenient, due to immature technology or management flaws, there are certain security risks in various typical scenarios, such as disclosure of user privacy through reporting transparency, lack of strict control over the consultation of confidential medical records, the absence of technical verification for the confirmation of the infusion, etc. Identity is easy to fake, payment is inconvenient, etc. Security issues are discussed in more detail below. Healthcare applications are considered a promising area for wireless sensor networks, where patients can be monitored using wireless medical networks (WMN). Current trends in WMN healthcare research focus on reliable patient communication, patient mobility, and energy-efficient delivery.

This study aims to determine priority alternative efforts in managing the mangrove ecosystem of KEE Teluk Pangpang Kab. banyuwangi. Process Hierarchy Analysis or AHP is used to determine priority alternatives in efforts to sustain mangrove ecosystems. A total of six (6) people who were expert informants were taken as respondents using purposive sampling consisting of community leaders, heads of Fishermen's groups, heads of Farmers' groups, Fisheries Service, and Academics. The results of the analysis show that for an alternative to violence, the mangrove ecosystem KEE Teluk Pangpang (Kedunggebang Village), Kab. banyuwangi, the main factor that must be considered is social (weight value = 0.689) with the most important aspect including involving community participation in the management of mangrove ecosystems (weight value = 0.701). Meanwhile it shows that alternative priority scales and efforts to sustain the mangrove ecosystem of KEE Teluk Pangpang (Kedunggebang Village) Kab. Banyuwangi with AHP, namely the order of priority is Ecotourism (weight value = 0.429), Silvofhisery (weight value = 0.377) and Traditional Fisheries (weight value = 0.194). Thus, alternative ecotourism efforts are a top priority in the sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem of KEE Teluk Pangpang (Kedunggebang Village) Kab. Banyuwangi. Ecotourism In terms of ecosystem sustainability, it is defined as an alternative tourism product that has the goal of developing sustainable tourism, namely tourism development that is ecologically feasible and ethically just and provides social benefits to the community.

Background: Efforts in preserving motion levels in unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures steered to short segment fixation. However, short segment spanning fixation in clinical scenario reported high failure rates. Augmentation of spanning fixation by inserting intermediate screws into the fracture level is proposed to enhance stability. An experimental comparative study was performed to assess the biomechanical role of the ‘intermediate screws.’ Methods: Five calf spine specimens were freshly prepared to record the biomechanical characteristics, range of motion (ROM), and stiffness. CT scan confirmed an unstable burst fracture in each specimen. Each specimen was instrumented with short-segment posterior fixation with an intermediate screw. The same test protocols were repeated with and without intermediate screws. Results: Intermediate screws contribute to 20.2%, 16.5%, 14.5% and 23% decrease in ROM and 15.4%, 25.6%, 48.3%, and 160.2% increase in construct stiffness. Conclusions: Intermediate screws significantly increase the construct stiffness and decrease the ROM.

In Kharif 2022, a research study was conducted at Crop Research Farm, SHUATS, Prayagraj to investigate the “Influence of nitrogen and weed management practices on yield and economics of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)”. The study included three levels of nitrogen (15, 30, and 45 kg/ha) and three weed management practices (hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS, Pendimethalin pre-emergence at 5 DAS, and Imazethapyr post-emergence at 25 DAS). The experiment was designed using a randomized block design with 10 treatments, each replicated thrice. The results indicated that the higher pods/plant (32.13), seeds/pod (8.20), grain yield (1223.33 kg/ha), stover yield (2472.67 kg/ha), lower weed population/m2 (4.06), gross returns (83109.00), net returns (55489.05), and benefit-cost ratio (2.01) were observed in treatment 9, which involved the application of 45 kg/ha nitrogen and 75 g/ha Imazethapyr post-emergence.

Introduction: The study was performed to assess knowledge about infection control through hand-washing practices among dentists and paramedical professionals working at private dental clinics and provide help to identify and overcome obstruction towards proper hand hygiene pattern. Method: A questionnaire-based study was supervised at 15 different private dental clinics situated in the Munshiganj district of Bangladesh. Data on handwashing practices and other factors were collected from 60 samples during the months of November and December 2020. Site inspections of and washing facilities were also supervised. The data was analyzed on SPSS. Result: Majority (78.3%, 50.0% & 35.0%) of the respondents strongly agreed that hand washing helps to prevent spread of infection to the patients. Less than half (48.3%) of the respondents washed their hands before wearing gloves. 31 doctors claimed that hand washing is done after termination of duty while 10 claims that they wash hands after each examination (p< 0.001). And most of the doctors use antibacterial soap (p=0.004). Conclusion: The study wraps up that most of the health care providers had the education about the advantage of handwashing, but proper technique was not followed. The reasons given for not adopting handwashing practices were shortage of time, being busy with a greater number of patients, a skin reaction, and an unsuitable atmosphere. Update Dent. Coll. j: 2023; 13(1): 23-26

In the field of computer network and security, cryptography plays a vital role for secure data transmission as it follows the principle of data confidentiality, integrity, non-repudiation, authentication. By using several cryptographic algorithms, a user can deliver and receive the message in more convenient way. In this paper, we have collaborated on various cryptographic algorithms, several types of cryptographic techniques along with different types of security attacks prevailing in case of cryptography. During the exchanging of any sort of information, the key generation, encryption and decryption processes are examined in more details in the current paper. We have discussed regarding RSA (Ron Rives, Adi Shamir and Len Adelman), which is one of the most secure algorithm in the context of data and information sharing, that has been analysed clearly in our work along with the basic concepts of DES(Data Encryption Standard) , conventional encryption model, ECC(Elliptic curve cryptography), Digital signature, ABE(Attribute based Encryption), KP-ABE(Key policy Attribute based encryption), CP-ABE(Ciphertext policy attribute based encryption), IBE(Identity based Encryption). We have elaborated various cryptograhic concepts for keeping the message confidential and secure while considering secured data communication in case of networks.

The valuation is the process of determining the current value of an asset such as residential, commercial, industrial, or agricultural land is known as appraisal. The value is determined by the Estimate price for as well as the potential rent or income. The main goal is to get people acquainted with the general field practice of real estate valuation. The purpose of the project is to determine the market value of properties for bank financing in Tamil Nadu. It determines the present value of properties and it is focused on the valuation of an industrial Building. The values obtained by three different methods of valuation and identifying the most appropriate one for the property under consideration. The methods of valuation that are used in the process are: Land and Building method, Rental method and Composite rate method. Depreciation is also given due importance in all the methods. In land and building method, the value of land and the value of the building are estimated independently to obtain the present value of the property. Rental method involved capitalizing the net annual rental income using a suitable rate of interest. Composite rate method is also employed to determine the present value based on the prevailing market rates. Breakup of composite rate for the building under valuation is calculated based on the breakup of composite rate of the building under comparison

Purpose: Being in close contact with the patients during the examination and various procedures, the Ophthalmologists are always at the increased risk of contracting the novel corona virus. The aim of the study was to assess the use of personal protective equipment and other safety measures among the Ophthalmologists in the outpatient departments and operation theatres during the COVID-19 pandemic and their compliance with the prescribed standard guidelines in place. As the outbreaks of new SARS-CoV-2 variants is on the rise, meticulous safety measures is the need of the hour to prevent contraction and transmission of the infection especially among Ophthalmologists who are in close contact while treating the patients. A questionnaire based study Methods: was conducted among the 150 practicing Ophthalmologists of selected medical college hospitals in Pondicherry and the results were analyzed. 150 Results: Ophthalmologists participated in the study. The most widely used PPE among Ophthalmologists in OPDs were N95 masks (n=138), slit lamp breath shield (137) and surgical gloves (114). General Ophthalmologists (n=17) were the maximum to be infected by the virus followed by retina specialists (n=5). 94% (n=14) participants were aware of standard guidelines issued by AIOS and AAO about the preferred practices during the COVID-19 pandemic and 40 participants admitted that they were unable to adhere to the guidelines due to various practical difficulties. Conclusion: This study shows that incidence of COVID among Ophthalmologists was significantly higher in those participants who did not use personal protective equipment and protective measures meticulously while handling the patients

The most life-threatening illness that is the primary cause of female morality is Breast cancer. Breast cancer research has led to extraordinary breakthroughs in our understanding of the illness over the last two decades, leading in more effective medicines. Now days, In most Of all malignant diseases, one of the most deadly occurring cancer are those cancers occurring in the breast, accounting for 23 percent of all cancer fatalities. It is now a global issue, yet it is still detected in its advanced stages due to women’s neglect in self-inspection. The greater parts of people learn from their disease is thorough practice of screening procedures. Others may come with a breast lump that was discovered by accident, a change in breast shape or size, or nipple discharge, although mastalgia is not unusual. To diagnose breast cancer, a physical examination, imaging, particularly mammography, and tissue biopsy are required. Early detection increases the chances of survival.

Background The present study is aimed to compare the osteoblastic activity in periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) with and without the platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane by evaluating the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), alkaline phosphate (ALP) levels and also to explore the efficiency of PRF membrane in terms of healing. Methods A split-mouth randomized controlled trial, which comprised 16 sites, was randomly treated with PAOO + PRF membrane and PAOO alone. The primary outcome was to analyze the GCF ALP levels at baseline, 3rd, week, 5th week (2 weeks after surgery, 1 h before and after activation), 7th week (4 weeks after surgery), and 9th week (6 weeks after surgery). The clinical parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], bleeding index [BI]) were assessed at baseline, 3rd week, 15th week, and 27th week. Healing index was recorded at 4th week (1 week after surgery), 5th week (2 weeks after surgery), and 7th week (4 weeks after surgery). Results There was a statistically significant increase in GCF ALP levels (p Conclusions Within the limitations of this split-mouth study, PRF membrane showed significant osteoblastic activity in the 5th week (2 weeks after PAOO) with the increased GCF ALP levels and accelerated healing in the 1st week after PAOO. They also maintained post-orthodontic stability until 18 months.

Introduction: Hematological diseases are increasing day to day in the eastern region of Nepal. There are very few centers providing treatment to hematological diseases patients in the eastern region of Nepal. Objectives: The aim of this study is to stratify the types of hematological diseases treated at Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital along with their demographic and clinic-pathological features. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 21 December 2020 to 20 July 2021 in the Department of Hemato-Oncology. All the clinically as well as laboratorically proven hematological disease patients receiving treatment during the study period were taken as study population. Hematological diseases are blood related diseases like anemia, blood cancers (like leukemia , lymphoma , multiple myeloma) ,hemolytic diseases , coagulation disease ,thrombocytopenia, etc. Data were entered and analyzed in Microsoft Excel version 2010 and IBM SPSS Statistics version 22 respectively. Result: There were a total of 48 cases who received treatment during the study duration. The mean age of the cases was 50 (range 2-92) years with female gender almost equal to male gender. About 29% cases were involved in tobacco/ smoking . Majority of the cases involved were leukemia (33%), lymphoma (21%) ,hemolytic disease(11%) and Immune thrombocytopenic purpura(11%) cancer.We have good clinical remission (61%) of the cases, majority of which were non malignant cases. Total 77% of the cases were alive, 4% were referred while 19 % of the cases expired during the study period, majority of which were acute leukemias. Conclusion:There is a rise of hematological cancer in eastern Nepal and hence there is a need for a comprehensive hematological center in the eastern region of Nepal.

Background/Purpose: Advancement of technology has been proven in every field. To establish a good business or any organization is very crucial nowadays. Businesses are moving tremendously and competitors also high in number. It is very important to take a good decision based on reviews and feedbacks of customer etc. By combining the strength of technology and business knowledge, Business Intelligence allows you to make good decisions that are fully informed and stay one step ahead of the competition. With the help of business intelligence tools businesses can use their data in a better way. Business intelligence incorporates Data mining, Data Analytics, Data Visualization and Machine learning to help organization for the analysis of data. This article provides the analysis of Business intelligence and machine learning techniques used in e-commerce website and ABCD framework to inspect the key factors. Objective: Analyses the business intelligence technology and sentiment analysis on E-commerce website. Design/Methodology/Approach: The information and details for this case study is obtained from different scholarly articles published in various journals and company websites. Findings/Result: The study of this paper delivers the importance of customer behavior and how it helps in growth of the industry using machine learning and business intelligence. Originality/Value/ Novelty: The result of this paper gives an explanation of business intelligence and machine learning approach for customer feedback in e-commerce companies and advantages of e-commerce websites. Paper Type: Case study paper to study the advantages of business intelligence and machine learning for customer satisfaction.

Introduction: Solid cancers are increasing in eastern region of Nepal. There are very few centers providing chemotherapy treatment to solid cancer patients in eastern region of Nepal. Objectives: The aim of this study is to stratify the types of solid cancers and study their socio-demographic and clinicopathological features of solid cancer. Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from 1st September 2020 to 1st july 2021 at the department of Oncology . All the histologically proven patients of solid cancers, derived from solid organs like lung, stomach, liver, breast etc, receiving chemotherapy during the study period were taken as study population. All the relevant data were entered in the excel sheet and analyzed by the help of statistical software. Result: There were total seventy three cases who got admitted for chemotherapy during the study duration at the department of Oncology. The patients were between 30-85 years, with the mean age of 59 years and the proportion of females were almost double (64%) than male. 78% cancers were advanced staged in contrast to 22% early stage cancers. Cases were majorly with clinical remission (30%) out of which most common were breast and colorectal cancers. Total 58% of the cases were alive while 42% of the cases expired during the study period. Conclusion: There is a need of comprehensive cancer center in eastern region of Nepal due to increase in the burden of solid cancers.

Introduction: Malnutrition is a major problem in cancer patients which results in high morbidity and mortality. There are lack of comprehensive centers providing nutritional support to cancer patients in eastern region of Nepal. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the malnutrition status of cancer patients at Birat Medical College. It aimed to calculate the prevalence of malnutrition in cancer patients. Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional observational study of six months duration was conductedfrom 15th January 2021 to 15th July 2021 in the department of Oncology at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital.All the histologically proven cancer patients during the study period were taken as study population whose body mass index were calculated. The relevant data were maintained inexcel sheet and analysis was done with the help of statistical software SPSS version22. Results: A total of 70 cases attended oncology unit during the study duration at Birat Medical College. The mean age of the cases were60 years (range 21-85) with the proportion of female patients almost equal(53%) to that of males. There was total 28 (40%) malnutrition cases out of which 22% were overweight,17% were underweight and only 1% obese. During the study period total 50% of the malnutrition cases were alive and 50% cases expired due to disease progression. Conclusion: Malnutrition is a major concern worldwide and even in cancer patients of Nepal. There is a need of comprehensive cancer center providing nutritional support to cancer patients in eastern region of Nepal.

An anal stula is a common benign anal condition and its surgical treatment runs the risk of anal incontinence and recurrence rates. However, the Ligation of the intersphincteric Fistula Tract (LIFT) devised in 2007 results in zero sphincter damage and shorter hospital stay compared to conventional stulotomy. The study aimed to nd the efcacy of the LIFT procedure in patients suffering from trans-sphincteric stula-in-ano in terms of wound infection, anal incontinence, and recurrence rate. A prospective, observational study was carried out among 40 patients of either sex diagnosed with anal stula in the Department of Surgery, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar over a period of about 2 years. Statistical analysis was done by student t-test. The mean age group was 42.48 ± 10.33 years and 90% were male. Out of all the trans sphincteric stula-in-ano, 82.5% were posterior & 60.6% were posterior left side while the rest were anterior. The mean duration was 54.88 ± 10.17 mins. On average, hospital stay was 4.65 ± 1.37 days and the mean time to wound healing was 2.80 ± 1.02 weeks. Anal continence was 100% preserved in all patients. Only 3 (7.5%) patients had recurrence as observed at 6 months of follow-up. The LIFT procedure is an effective surgical procedure in terms of preventing wound infection and anal incontinence. The hospital stay was less, with early wound healing and a low pain score.

Aim: To study the clinical prole of acute pancreatitis patients and MCTSI as an index for predicting severity, I.C.U admissions and mortality of acute pancreatitis cases and also to compare it with serum procalcitonin in predicting severity. This study was conducted Material and Methods: in the Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital for a period of one year. A total 98 acute pancreatitis were included and their clinical prole was studied. MCTSI score was calculated for all the patients and used to predict severity, I.C.U admissions and mortality. MCTSI was also compared with serum procalcitonin in assessing severity. Male preponderance was noted in the study. The Results: peak incidence of disease was noted in the 3rd decade of life. Pain abdomen was found to be the most prominent clinical feature. Alcohol consumption was found to be the most common etiological factor. It was observed that mild, moderate and severe acute pancreatitis according to ATLANTA CLASSIFICATION correlated well with MCTSI scoring system. All the 19 severe acute pancreatitis cases had an MTCSI score in the severe range (p value of 0.0001 - statistically signicant). The mortality rate was signicantly higher in severe acute pancreatitis i.e. 57.89% as compared to mild and moderate acute pancreatitis (p value of 0.0001). The I.C.U admission rate in mild acute pancreatitis was 4.17% as compared to 100 % in severe acute pancreatitis (p value 0.0001). Statistically signicant difference was observed in serum procalcitonin levels (mean ±SD ng/dl) of mild, moderate and severe acute pancreatitis cases as per MCTSI scoring system (p value of 0.0001). Among the 98 cases, Conclusion: male to female ratio was 2.05:1. The most common cause of acute pancreatitis was ethanol abuse. The most prominent symptom was pain in the abdomen followed by vomiting. MCTSI fared well in predicting severity, mortality and I.C.U admissions in acute pancreatitis cases. The relationship of MCTSI score with serum procalcitonin in predicting severity was found to be signicant

Background Asthma is a heterogeneous common respiratory disease that remains poorly understood. The established genetic associations fail to explain the high estimated heritability, and the prevalence of asthma differs between populations and geographic regions. Robust association analyses incorporating different genetic ancestries and whole-genome sequencing data may identify novel genetic associations. Methods We performed family-based genome-wide association analyses of childhood-onset asthma based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data for the ‘The Genetic Epidemiology of Asthma in Costa Rica’ study (GACRS) and the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP). Based on parent–child trios with children diagnosed with asthma, we performed a single variant analysis using an additive and a recessive genetic model and a region-based association analysis of low-frequency and rare variants. Results Based on 1180 asthmatic trios (894 GACRS trios and 286 CAMP trios, a total of 3540 samples with WGS data), we identified three novel genetic loci associated with childhood-onset asthma: rs4832738 on 4p14 ($P=1.72\ast{10}^{-9}$, recessive model), rs1581479 on 8p22 ($P=1.47\ast{10}^{-8}$, additive model) and rs73367537 on 10q26 ($P=1.21\ast{10}^{-8}$, additive model in GACRS only). Integrative analyses suggested potential novel candidate genes underlying these associations: PGM2 on 4p14 and FGF20 on 8p22. Conclusion Our family-based whole-genome sequencing analysis identified three novel genetic loci for childhood-onset asthma. Gene expression data and integrative analyses point to PGM2 on 4p14 and FGF20 on 8p22 as linked genes. Furthermore, region-based analyses suggest independent potential low-frequency/rare variant associations on 8p22. Follow-up analyses are needed to understand the functional mechanisms and generalizability of these associations.

Strigolactones (SLs) are versatile compounds that have recently been identified as a special generation of plant hormones. They play a significant role as modulators of coordinated plant development in response to nutrient deficiency and defence, particularly by influencing plant root microbiome and mycorrhization. SLs act as signals molecules that help host communicate with their environment belowground, in addition to regulating root architecture and growth promotion. Alternatively, boosting the SLs hormone level or applying external SLs, SL synthetic analogs e.g. GR24, and SL mimics to plants, can improve the root architecture, and physiological changes, and controls biotic and abiotic parameters by activating regulatory genes and molecular changes. Interestingly, SLs perform a fundamental character in the establishment of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) symbiosis by eliciting mycorrhization in the plant, which allows for adequate phosphorus utilization. Due to various their multifunctional aspect, they have a wide range of possible agricultural and biotechnological applications. We should be able to comprehend the biological mechanisms operating below ground in plant systems and their significance in the ecosystem with greater clarity as more research is conducted into the necessary conditions for various SLs in various biological activities.

Real and Fake face recognition using CNN and deep learning is presented in the paper. Searching for the authenticity of an image with the naked eye becomes a complicated task in detecting image forgeries. The goal of this study is to evaluate how well different deep learning approaches perform. The initial stage of the proposed strategy is to train several pre-trained deep learning models on the image dataset for recognizing real and fake images to identify fake faces. In order to assess the effectiveness of these models, we consider how well they separate two classes - false and true. Regarding the models tested so far, the VGG models have the best training accuracy (86%) on VGG-16, while VGG-16 shows an excellent test set. accuracy with 10 epochs or less, which is competitively better than all other methods. The outputs of these models were examined to find out exactly

The intrathecally administered antisense oligonucleotide tofersen reduces synthesis of the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) protein and is being studied in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) associated with mutations in SOD1 (SOD1 ALS).In this phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned adults with SOD1 ALS in a 2:1 ratio to receive eight doses of tofersen (100 mg) or placebo over a period of 24 weeks. The primary end point was the change from baseline to week 28 in the total score on the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R; range, 0 to 48, with higher scores indicating better function) among participants predicted to have faster-progressing disease. Secondary end points included changes in the total concentration of SOD1 protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), in the concentration of neurofilament light chains in plasma, in slow vital capacity, and in handheld dynamometry in 16 muscles. A combined analysis of the randomized component of the trial and its open-label extension at 52 weeks compared the results in participants who started tofersen at trial entry (early-start cohort) with those in participants who switched from placebo to the drug at week 28 (delayed-start cohort).A total of 72 participants received tofersen (39 predicted to have faster progression), and 36 received placebo (21 predicted to have faster progression). Tofersen led to greater reductions in concentrations of SOD1 in CSF and of neurofilament light chains in plasma than placebo. In the faster-progression subgroup (primary analysis), the change to week 28 in the ALSFRS-R score was -6.98 with tofersen and -8.14 with placebo (difference, 1.2 points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -3.2 to 5.5; P = 0.97). Results for secondary clinical end points did not differ significantly between the two groups. A total of 95 participants (88%) entered the open-label extension. At 52 weeks, the change in the ALSFRS-R score was -6.0 in the early-start cohort and -9.5 in the delayed-start cohort (difference, 3.5 points; 95% CI, 0.4 to 6.7); non-multiplicity-adjusted differences favoring early-start tofersen were seen for other end points. Lumbar puncture-related adverse events were common. Neurologic serious adverse events occurred in 7% of tofersen recipients.In persons with SOD1 ALS, tofersen reduced concentrations of SOD1 in CSF and of neurofilament light chains in plasma over 28 weeks but did not improve clinical end points and was associated with adverse events. The potential effects of earlier as compared with delayed initiation of tofersen are being further evaluated in the extension phase. (Funded by Biogen; VALOR and OLE ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT02623699 and NCT03070119; EudraCT numbers, 2015-004098-33 and 2016-003225-41.).

Dementia is a general term used to indicate any disorder related to human memory. The various memory-related problems severely affect the human brain and so the individual feels difficulty in doing their normal physical as well as mental activities. There are different types of dementia that exist, but the commonly seen and fatal types of dementia are Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In this paper different efficient Machine Learning Techniques are selected analysed their behaviours in the diagnosis of AD and PD using Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The PET image dataset used in this work consists of 1050 images with AD, PD and Healthy Brain images. The total number of images is split into two different categories in the ratio of 7:3 for training and testing respectively. The different machine learning classifiers used are Bagged Ensemble, ID3, Naive Bayes and Multiclass Support Vector Machine. The classification of the AD and PD with the reference of a healthy brain is done by comparing the input image with the trained samples in the PET image database. In the comparison of trained samples with the input image for the PET images, the bagged ensemble learning classifier worked better than the other classification algorithms and yielded an accuracy of 90.3%.

Haphazard and indiscriminate application of chemical fertilizers has led to environmental contamination including deterioration of soil health. Hence it is very essential to inculcate biological agents in order to reduce the harsh effects of chemical fertilizer. The use of potent bacteria as a bio-fertilizer can improve the soil nitrogen status leading to enhanced soil health and improved productivity. Rhizobium provides a major source of nitrogen input in agricultural soils. On account of that, 64 bacteria were isolated and subjected to RT-PCR for nifH gene quantification to ascertain biological nitrification. From these 64, Seventeen potent PGP bacteria, isolated from different pulse fields, showing maximum PGP traits were studied further for nif H quantification. Out of 17, five were found to be possessing highest number of copy numbers of nifH gene indicating efficient nitrogenase activity. On molecular identification, it was revealed that except BS5JGS, rest all were belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. BS5JGS was found out to be Rhizobium sp., with an accession number assigned as OK602696. An array of organic acid production by the Rhizobium strain was estimated by HPLC, in which adipic acid was detected in highest concentration followed by tartaric acid, malonic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid and phosphoric acid. The Rhizobial isolate was found to inhibit two most common fungal phyto-pathogens Fusarium oxysporum (ITCC 4998) and Rhizoctonia solani(ITCC 2060). It showed various phytobeneficial traits which imply it can be utilized as an effective biofertilizer for legumes and pulses as well as to maintain soil fertility and soil nutrient status.

Melioidosis is an endemic infection caused byBurkholderia pseudomalleipredominantly reported in the coastal parts of India. A 19-year-old male student with no comorbidities presented with features suggestive of pneumonia. He was initiated on antitubercular treatment empirically elsewhere. However, due to lack of response to therapy diagnosis was revisited. Microbiological investigations were unyielding initially. Despite antitubercular treatment, he presented with complications of pneumonia and was diagnosed to have melioidosis. He was initiated on appropriate antibiotics for the intensive and eradication phase. Obtaining microbiological confirmation is of utmost importance to prevent misdiagnosis and undue morbidity and mortality due to these uncommon infections.

The optoelectronic application of gold nanoparticles is majorly influenced by certain unique features they exhibit, like surface plasmon resonance, ready functionalization and ease of conjugation with bio-analytes etc. Production of gold nanoparticles through laser ablation is the simplest method with the advantage of obtaining high purity particles. In this work, the saturation and reverse saturation behaviour during ultrafast absorption in laser ablated gold nanoparticles is studied using the Z-scan technique. The Z-scan experiment is conducted using 800 nm, 84 MHz and 120 fs intense laser pulses at different excitation intensities from 6.23 GW/cm2 to 23.37 GW/cm2. The open aperture Z-scan measurements show distinct positive region till an excitation of 17 GW/cm2 after which there is a clear cross-over into negative trend. The strength of this negative wing increases with the excitation intensity, which is featured by the nonlinear absorption due to the two-photon and three-photon absorption contributions with their respective coefficients in the range of 10-3. The optical limiting nature of these gold nanoparticles is demonstrated. An understanding of these nonlinear optical properties provides better insight in their application towards biomedical diagnostics and optical switching and limiting.

To build a general-purpose procedural programming language in Kannada and the corresponding header file that understands the language and pre-processes the code typed in Kannada into C++ programming language which can then be compiled by a C++ compiler and produce corresponding output in Kannada. The entire compilation of the language will be built in a single and Integrated Development Environment (IDE) i.e. Microsoft Visual Studio which can be downloaded by anyone and start learning to code in Kannada by including the header file. Any programming logic can be typed entirely in Kannada, the syntax is created such that it is similar to C-syntax. Any person knowing Kannada and with little effort on understanding the language’s syntax can start coding in Kannada without any prior knowledge in English or programming. This paper aims mainly at providing its users a programming experience in a regional language “Kannada”. The users can edit, complier and thus observe the results also in Kannada. The user has to abide by a set of syntactic rules and thus program accordingly for better results.

The main objective of this project work is to provide intelligent lighting scheme for the tunnels of hill station roads. Tunnel means tubular passage cut through the hill or underground, these tunnels remain in dark always and inside the tunnels proper lighting system are essential to avoid the accidents. In this regard our government is arranging lights and they are glowing continuously irrespective of traffic and lot of energy is wasted. To avoid energy losses at these places, this efficient and intelligent lighting scheme is developed, which works automatically depending up on the road traffic and minimizes the energy consumption. In addition, all the vehicles release the waste (exhaust) gases that may be stagnated in the tunnel, due to lack of circulation with the outside environment. So, a gas detector/sensor is used for sensing these exhaust gases released from the automobiles and pump them outside the tunnel through an exhaust fan automatically. The process begins from the sensors; optical sensors are used for sensing the vehicles and depending up on the traffic density, inside lights of tunnel are controlled automatically. For example, many vehicles entered in to the tunnel from both the sides, all the lights are energized and as the traffic moving forward depending up on the clearance, required lights are energized, during the clearance means no vehicle is inside, all the lights remain in off condition automatically. The system is designed with Microcontroller, four sets of Infra Red sensors are used and they can be arranged either side of the tunnel in by directional mode. All the sensors are interfaced with Microcontroller and the program is prepared such that, depending up on the interrupted signals obtained from the sensors. The sensor used in the project work can detect all types of petroleum gases; in addition, it can detect smoke also. The sensor interfaced with the controller can energize exhaust fan automatically when it detects any type of gas or smoke.

Aim: To evaluate any adverse perinatal outcomes associated with abnormal coiling of umbilical cord. Introduction:The primary objective of antenatal and intrapartum fetal surveillance both in early and late pregnancy is to prevent fetal death. One of the most important parts of the fetoplacental unit is the umbilical cord. It is now being studied in predicting the perinatal outcome. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted in Obstetrics and gynaecology department of a tertiary care hospital in Smt. Kashibai navale medical college and general hospital Narhe, Pune.Three hundred and fifty (350) umbilical cords of babies delivered either by vaginally or by lower segment caesarian section were examined. The umbilical coiling index was calculated by dividing the total number of coils by the length of the cord in cms. Subjects with umbilical coiling index below 10th percentile, between 10th and 90th percentile and above 90th percentile were defined as hypocoiled, normocoiled and hypercoiled respectively. It was then correlated with the following pregnancy outcomes: mode of delivery, preterm delivery, birth weight, meconium staining, Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions. Hypocoiled cords were those having umbilical cord coiling index (UCI) less than 10th percentile and hypercoiled cords were those having UCI >90th percentile Statistical analysis was done . The results were statistically analysed by chi-square test. The p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all the analyses. Result: The mean UCI was 0.61 ± 0.16. The hypocoiled umbilical cords (UCI < 10th percentile) were significantly associated with low birth weight, meconium staining, low Apgar score at 1 minute, and increased NICU admissions with a p-value < 0.05. Conclusion:Abnormall UCI(hypocoiling) are significantly associated with adverse perinatal outcome.

Background: COVID-19 pneumonia is complicated with residual lung fibrosis, as evidenced by imaging and postmortem pathological findings. In addition to steroids, we compared the efficacy of nintedanib and pirfenidone in the management of COVID-19 lung fibrosis measured by CT severity score (CTSS). Methods: All cases of COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosed as COVID-19 positive by RT-PCR having SpO2 ⩽ 96% and CTSS ⩾ 10 even after 15 days were included in the study. The patients were divided into three groups. All three groups received steroids at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight of prednisolone or equivalent. The first group received steroids alone, the second group received pirfenidone with steroids and the third group received nintedanib with steroids. All patients were followed up at 6 and 12 weeks. The primary endpoint of our study was to find out any improvement in CTSS. Results: Out of 90 patients, 56 patients completed the study. Among three groups, 19 (33.9%) patients received steroids (control) only, 16 (28.6%) patients received steroids with pirfenidone and 21 (37.5%) patients received steroids with nintedanib. The study population had a mean (±SD) age of 52.5 ± 10.1 years, mean (±SD) C-reactive protein of 97.1 ± 102.2 mg/L (normal Conclusion: Along with steroids in the treatment of COVID-19 lung fibrosis, there was a significant improvement in lung CTSS with nintedanib compared to pirfenidone.