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Summary This study was designed to determine the seroprevalence rate of Brucellosis and to identify the risk factors for Brucella infection in camels intended for export from Kassala State. A total of 400 blood samples were collected for serum from all Kassala localities, tested using Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and Competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay C.ELISA). The prevalence rate was (29.5 %) and (27.8%) based on the results of RBPT and C.ELISA respectively. According to sex, the prevalence rate of the disease was (30.4%) out of 335 in males and (24.6%) out of 65 in females. There were no clinical signs of camel's Brucellosis in all tested animals. The prevalence of the disease was (14.4%) in Rural KhashmElgerba, (15.3%) in North Delta, (8.5%) in Wad Elhilau, Rural Kassala (11.9%), Hamashkoreb (12.7%), Rustic Arouma (14.4%), Talkook (16.9%) and Atbra river locality (5.9%) with a significant statistical difference. Herds with more than 20 camels were more frequently affected. In this study the Seroprevalence of Brucella was (9.3 %) in young (1-2 years) and (23.7%) in adult camels (above 5 years). The results of the present study provide the status of seropositivity to Brucella in camels intended for export in Kassala State and the risk factors that contribute to prevalence of Brucellosis among camels. This situation requires more attention and effort to implement. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 10(4): 216-220.

هدف البحث الحالي إلى تعرف أثره برنامج تعليمي – تعلمي وفقًا لبعض استراتيجيات التعلم النشط في تحصيل طلاب الصف الأول المتوسط في مادة الرياضيات, لتحقيق ذلك الهدف أختار الباحث عينة من (49) طالب, المجموعة التجريبية (24) طالب والمجموعة الضابطة (25) طالب من طلاب الصف الأول المتوسط في متوسطة (الأندلس للبنين) للعام الدراسي 2020-2021م, وتم بناء اختباراً للتحصيل مكون من (38) فقرة, وتم التأكد من الخصائص السايكومترية للإختبار, وبعد معالجة البيانات إحصائياً باستعمال الإختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين, توصل البحث إلى : - تفوق طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الذين دُرِسوا على وفق البرنامج التعليمي – التعلمي على طلاب المجموعة الضابطة الذين دُرِسوا على وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في اختبار التحصيل. بعد تفسير النتائج توصل الباحث إلى استنتاجات ووضع توصيات عدة وأقترح مقترحات صالحة للبحث والتجريب.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the impact of a major public health emergency on mental health. Objective: To assess psychological impact among university students and train them to raise mental health awareness among their peers during the pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional online survey was carried out over the period of July to September 2020. Study participants were medical and paramedical university students representing students’ union alliance of the Egyptian Youth Initiative (EYI). Non-probability sampling method was used for recruiting the study participants. Key mental health outcomes investigated two weeks prior to the survey were posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and perceived stress. Based on the preliminary analysis of the online questionnaires. A PhD qualified psychiatrist was assigned to develop the online psychosocial support to the volunteers’ students (N=60) to become facilitators for raising mental awareness among peers and train them how to handle stress. Results: Of the 115 students, 42.6% experienced moderate to severe depression, 21.7% were afflicted with moderate to severe anxiety and 62.7% suffered from sub-threshold to severe insomnia. Perceived Stress Scale analysis showed moderate levels of stress among the study participants. A significant difference was detected between pre and posttest mean scores of the PSS (P=0.001) eight weeks after the training program for psychological support. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that young people suffered of more than one psychological problems and highlighted the urgent need to develop interventions and preventive strategies to address mental health of college students.

BACKGROUND: Digital stories are short videos that use narrative structures to address health outcomes from a personal perspective. AIM: The main objective of this study was to train university students to design a video-based health education program for promoting peer-to-peer education and community awareness. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. The study was conducted as a project for medical students, enrolled in the implementation of the Egyptian Youth Initiative (EYI), executed in response to the Government of Egypt- United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Country Program of Cooperation for 2016 - 2018. A four-day train-the-trainer workshop established for capacity building on DST and video communication. RESULTS: Between June 2017 and May 2018, 120 eligible students were enrolled, among whom median age was 21 years and 67 (55%) were female. Pre- and posttests detected increased percent change of students’ knowledge regarding different health issues. Open-ended questions highlighted pros and cons of the program, the most important skills and knowledge gained, suggestions and recommendations mentioned by the students to maximize the use of this type of workshops in the framework of strengthening and activating the initiative outcome. The trainer created a grading rubric to evaluate student’s video projects. CONCLUSION: The digital story is a lay method to capture meaningful, impactful stories that can be used to advocate for public health concerns and crises. The study highlights the need for high-quality research on the impact of DST in health professionals’ education and behaviors.

Este artigo discute, sob a perspectiva de análise da criminologia cultural, os episódios que envolveram posse de armas de fogo e postagens em redes sociais durante o primeiro turno de votação, nas eleições brasileiras de 2018. A hipótese central do artigo consiste em uma reflexão com base na ideia de vontade de representação, que problematiza o significado por trás da transgressão como performance excitante, mediante a qual o sujeito afirma publicamente sua masculinidade embrutecida, com o fim de se empoderar perante a subcultura a que pertence, e intimidar potenciais audiências tidas como inimigas, no âmbito da sociedade do espetáculo, e no contexto histórico da modernidade tardia e crise da democracia.

Abstract A series of N-4 piperazinyl ciprofloxacin derivatives as urea-tethered ciprofloxacin-chalcone hybrids 2a-j and thioacetyl-linked ciprofloxacin-pyrimidine hybrids 5a-i were synthesized. The target compounds were investigated for their antibacterial activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and C. albicans strains, respectively. Ciprofloxacin derivatives 2a-j and 5a-i revealed broad antibacterial activity against either Gram positive or Gram negative strains, with MIC range of 0.06–42.23 µg/mL compared to ciprofloxacin with an MIC range of 0.15–3.25 µg/mL. Among the tested compounds, hybrids 2b, 2c, 5a, 5b, 5h, and 5i exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity with MIC range of 0.06–1.53 µg/mL against the tested bacterial strains. On the other hand, compounds 2c, 2e, 5c, and 5e showed comparable antifungal activity to ketoconazole against candida albicans with MIC range of 2.03–3.89 µg/mL and 2.6 µg/mL, respectively. Further investigations showed that some ciprofloxacin hybrids have inhibitory activity against DNA gyrase as potential molecular target compared to ciprofloxacin with IC50 range of 0.231 ± 0.01–7.592 ± 0.40 µM and 0.323 ± 0.02 µM, respectively. Docking studies of compounds 2b, 2c, 5b, 5c, 5e, 5h, and 5i on the active site of DNA gyrase (PDB: 2XCT) confirmed their ability to form stable complex with the target enzyme like that of ciprofloxacin. Graphical abstract

AIM: This was a prospective double-blinded randomized comparative study. Several authors have reported the efficacy of platelets derivatives for spinal union. However, the use of PRP and PRF for bone fusion with TLIF has not been fully explored. METHODS: Standard open TLIF surgery was performed on 80 patients, randomized in three groups, TLIF and local bone were used in 40 patients (control group) and TLIF, local bone, and PRP were used in 20 patients (PRP group) and PRF was used in 20 patients (PRF group). Radiological parameters were assessed by X-ray after 3 months post-operative to evaluate the position of the screws and cage migration and by CT scans at 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. Patients, surgeons, and post-surgical analysis were blinded. RESULTS: VAS scores for lower back pain and leg pain were statistically significant between the three groups preoperatively. The VAS scores of back pain improved after 12 months and were statistically significant (p < 0.001) and the VAS score of leg pain improved compared with preoperatively in the three groups during the 6- and 12-month follow-up postoperatively, however, the three groups, VAS scores for leg pain were not significantly different. After 1-year follow-up, significantly more patients achieved definite fusion, when implanted platelets derivatives compared with the control group, but with no significance regarding fusion rates. CONCLUSION: We advocated using platelet derivative as a fusion enhancer modality which is cost and time saving. It appears to be a complementary step that ensures better outcome for the patients.

Early diagnosis is considered important for medical images of breast cancer, the rate of recovery and safety of affected women can be improved. It is also assisting doctors in their daily work by creating algorithms and software to analyze the medical images that can identify early signs of breast cancer. This review presents a comparison has been done in term of accuracy among many techniques used for detecting breast cancer in medical images. Furthermore, this work describes the imaging process, and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the used techniques for mammography and ultrasound medical images. K-means clustering algorithm has been specifically used to analyze the medical image along with other techniques. The results of the K-means clustering algorithm are discussed and evaluated to show the capacity of this technique in the diagnosis of breast cancer and its reliability to identify a malignant from a benign tumor.

Introduction: Survivors of torture have high rates of mental health problems and can experience a sequela of physical effects with the most common being persistent pain. Similar to survivors of torture, persons that are incarcerated have high rates of mental health problems, persistent pain and pain-related disability.The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of an interdisciplinary group treatment approach, involving psychotherapy and physiotherapy, with survivors of torture whom are incarcerated in a prison in Kurdistan, Iraq. Methods: A parallel group study design was used to compare a treatment group (n=11) and a wait-list control group (n=16). The treatment group participated in an interdisciplinary treatment service for a total of 10 weekly group sessions for each discipline.The primary outcome measures were symptoms of nociplastic pain, anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Secondary outcome measures evaluated physical functioning, sleep quality, and general self-efficacy. Results: A statistically significant reduction in outcome measure scores was seen in all symptoms measured immediately post-treatment. Discussion and Conclusion: These findings suggest that a culturally and contextually appropriate interdisciplinary group treatment intervention for survivors of torture in a prison could be effective for short-term reductions in symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, persistent pain, and function. The study has limitations including a small sample size, lack of long-term outcome measures, and an inability to isolate effect of each component of care. The study does demonstrate the feasibility of implementing research that follows international research standards and practices within under-researched settings and post-conflict areas.