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Background: Post-COVID syndromes are the most abundant sequel of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) infection, which affects millions of people around the whole world. There is a significant difference observed during the acute phase as well as during the post-COVID period between patients hospitalized with (alpha, delta, or omicron) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant. In the present scenario, when most people are vaccinated, COVID-19 disease is less likely, but the remnants of previous COVID-19 infections are still a vast health burden. Materials and methods: This prospective, observational, comparative, and analytical study included a total of 3,840 COVID-19-infected patients who visited the hospital. We included 1,150 patients of alpha variants, 1,845 patients of delta variants, and 815 patients of omicron variants, from June 2020 to November 2020, March 2021 to July 2021, and January 2022 to May 2022, respectively. All medical data of the study population, including hospital stay and vaccination status, were collected, and all patients were followed up for 6 months of duration. All collected data were compiled and analyzed to compare the post-COVID thrombotic and other events among different variants of COVID-19. Results: Patients infected during the delta variant are the most symptomatic at onset (higher prevalence of fever, dyspnea, cough, myalgia, headache, or gastrointestinal problems) than those infected with the alpha or omicron variant (p < 0.01). A total of 2,830 patients (7.48%) [1,520 (82.38%) of delta variant, 598 (73.37%) of omicron variant, and 712 (60.34%) of omicron variant] developed post-COVID syndrome during their follow-up period out of 3,220 enrolled patients and the difference was statistically significant when compared among variants (p < 0.05). In this study, the highly prevalent post-COVID syndrome was mucormycosis (11.41%), followed by new-onset diabetes (9.89%), pulmonary fibrosis (7.67%), ischemic heart disease (6.46%), brain stroke (3.29%), and other thromboembolic disorders (2.37%). Conclusion: COVID-19-associated onset symptoms during the delta variant were more severe and highly prevalent, while neurological symptoms (aguesia and anosmia) were more common during the alpha variant. Patients infected with the delta variant of COVID-19 are more prone to develop post-COVID-associated complications with minimal risk in the omicron variant and intermediate risk in the alpha variant. Long COVID-19 requires specific attention for management, irrespective of the SARS-CoV-2 variant.

Background: Dengue infection is a disease that progresses rapidly to life-threatening conditions. Our goal was to develop a practical scoring system based on clinical profiles and routine tests to predict the severity of infection. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 500 patients with dengue infection. Patient demographics, clinical symptoms, regular laboratory tests, and results were collected. Dengue infections are divided into three classes, depending on their severity: dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Based on the total score, patients were divided into three severities. Results: Patients with DSS and DHF scored higher with worsening clinical features and routine laboratory tests compared to DF. Clinical predictors of severity include older age, increased white blood cell (WBC) count, increased hematocrit, increased prothrombin time, decreased platelet count, decreased blood pressure, presence of peri-gallbladder (GB) edema, third space loss, hepatomegaly, and other organ involvement. The severity range is 0–12, and the score is 0–3 for DF, 4–8 for DHF, and 9–12 for DSS. Based on the derived scores, patients were classified according to their original severity in 63% of cases. Conclusion: This dengue infection severity scores correctly classified patients according to their original severity grade of DF, DHF, or DSS. This scoring system helps to quickly assess dengue infections and start treatment according to the correct severity category.

Pandemic influenza viruses have emerged three times in this century. It is important to examine the potential risk of novel microorganisms/viruses through the add-on research mechanism of Gain of Function Research (GoFR). This mechanism consists of the practice of serial passaging of microorganisms to increase their transmissibility, virulence, immunogenicity, and host tropism through the inclusive feature of selective pressure of culture medium. Although, the GoFR can be a double-edged sword that has the potential to give an insight and better appreciation of current and future pandemics with antecedent apprehension of initiating a pandemic, itself. Moreover, with its inherent potential to give a head start on a virus, GoFR has the potential to develop vaccines or therapeutics, before the virus emerges in its true virulent form. Likewise, the GoFR studies can be vital in research on antivirals and antimicrobial agents and can help inform the development of combination therapies. Passive immunotherapy, which often includes a combination of products, is particularly dependent on GoFR experiments for evaluating efficacy. GoFR if made use of meticulously and with caution could help Medical Sciences and Humankind tremendously.

Background First Zika virus (ZIKV) positive case from North India was detected on routine surveillance of Dengue-Like Illness in an 85-year old female. Objective of the study was to conduct an investigation for epidemiological, clinical and genomic analysis of first ZIKV outbreak in Rajasthan, North India and enhance routine ZIKV surveillance. Method Outbreak investigation was performed in 3 Km radius of the index case among patient contacts, febrile cases, and pregnant women. Routine surveillance was enhanced to include samples from various districts of Rajasthan. Presence of ZIKV in serum and urine samples was detected by real time PCR test and CDC trioplex kit. Few ZIKV positive samples were sequenced using the next-generation sequencing method for genomic analysis. Result On outbreak investigation 153/2043 (7.48%) cases were found positive: 1/153 (0.65%) among contacts, 90/153 (58.8%) in fever cases, 62/153(40.5%) in pregnant females. In routine surveillance, 6/4722 (0.12%) serum samples were ZIKV positive.Majority of patients had mild signs and symptoms, no case of microcephaly and Guillain- Barre Syndrome was seen, 25 (40.3%) pregnant females delivered healthy babies, four (6.4%) reported abortion and three (4.8%) had intrauterine death, one (1.6%) child had colorectal malformation and died after few days of birth. ZIKV was found to belong to Asian lineage, mutation related to enhanced neuro-virulence and transmission in animal models was not found. Conclusion ZIKV was endogenous to India belonging to Asian Lineage. Disease profile of the ZIKV was asymptomatic to mild. No major anomaly was observed in infants born to ZIKV positive mothers; however, long term follow up of these children is required. There is need to scale up surveillance in the virology lab network of India for early detection and control. Summary line Zika virus infection was endogenous due to Asian Lineage with mild disease, no case of microcephaly or Guillain- Barre Syndrome was seen but children need to be followed for anomalies and surveillance of ZIKV needs to be enhanced in the country.

BackgroundOmicron, a new variant of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first detected in November 2021. This was believed to be highly transmissible and was reported to evade immunity. As a result, an urgent need was felt to screen all positive samples so as to rapidly identify Omicron cases and isolate them to prevent the spread of infection. Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 was planned to correlate disease severity with the genomic profile.MethodsAll the SARS-CoV-2 positive cases detected in the state of Rajasthan were sent to our Lab. Samples received from 24 November 2021 to 4 January 2022 were selected for Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Processing was done as per protocol on the Ion Torrent S5 System for 1,210 samples and bioinformatics analysis was done.ResultsAmong the 1,210 samples tested, 762 (62.9%) were Delta/Delta-like and other lineages, 291 (24%) were Omicron, and 157 (12.9%) were invalid or repeat samples. Within a month, the proportion of Delta and other variants was reversed, 6% Omicron became 81%, and Delta and other variants became 19%, initially all Omicron cases were seen in international travelers and their contacts but soon community transmission was seen. The majority of patients with Omicron were asymptomatic (56.7%) or had mild disease (33%), 9.2% had moderate symptoms, and two (0.7%) had severe disease requiring hospitalization, of which one (0.3%) died and the rest were (99.7%) recovered. History of vaccination was seen in 81.1%, of the previous infection in 43.2% of cases. Among the Omicron cases, BA.1 (62.8%) was the predominant lineage followed by BA.2 (23.7%) and B.1.529 (13.4%), rising trends were seen initially for BA.1 and later for BA.2 also. Although 8.9% of patients with Delta lineage during that period were hospitalized, 7.2% required oxygen, and 0.9% died. To conclude, the community spread of Omicron occurred in a short time and became the predominant circulating variant; BA.1 was the predominant lineage detected. Most of the cases with Omicron were asymptomatic or had mild disease, and the mortality rate was very low as compared to Delta and other lineages.

Background: Hypertension and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-c) measure is a useful evaluation tool to assess heart disease risk. Increasing physical activity (PA) is considered to reduce blood pressure (BP) and non-HDL-c in patients with hypertension. Objective: This study assesses the influence of moderate and regular PA on non-HDL cholesterol in essential hypertension. Subjects and methods: We studied 100 patients of either gender, aged 40–69 years of stage 2 essential hypertension in this interventional study. Patients were enrolled for 12 weeks of PA intervention (10,000 footsteps per day) and were followed at 15 days interval in the first month and after that 1-month duration. Lipid profile was estimated at baseline and at the final assessment visit (after 12 weeks). Results: The data included in this study confirm the beneficial effects of regular PA on non-HDL-c levels (P < 0.000001). It was found that after 12 weeks of intervention program, the cholesterol, triglycerides; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), and non-HDL-c were lowered from 276.53 to 194.19, 191.17 to 110.58, 196.07 to 120.72, 38.23 to 22.12, and 234.32 to 142.84, respectively. It was also noted that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) was increased from 42.21 to 51.35 following the interventional program. All the results were highly significant (P < 0.000001). Conclusions: A non-pharmacological activity like PA is beneficial for better management of hypertension to avoid cardiovascular co-morbidities. Twelve weeks of physical exercise program (walking of 10,000 footsteps/day) decreases the risk associated with BP elevation by improving non-HDL-c in hypertensive patients.

Diode lasers have been used for multiple applications in dentistry; however, its use for soft tissue management around dental implants has not been reported much. The role of symmetrical gingival tissue with properly positioned zenith is paramount to achieving aesthetics. The gingival zenith can be described as the most apical point on the marginal gingiva; its ideal placement should be at the crest of the curvature of the gingival margin for the central incisors, canines, and premolars, this should be ideally located slightly distal to the middle of the long axis on these teeth. This produces a slight inclination of the distal root which plays a vital role in the foundation of a beautiful smile. If this gingival complex is malpositioned in maxillary anterior region, it may result in an unaesthetic appearance even if the artificial teeth are perfectly aligned. Here, authors are presenting two patients with missing anterior teeth, who were not satisfied with the final aesthetic outcome of their implant supported prostheses. Due to history of trauma and painful course of treatment, patients were not comfortable with one more exposure to injectable anaesthesia, use of scalpel, or long healing process when they were almost nearing completion of their treatment. So, Diode laser was used for soft tissue excision around implants followed by gingival contouring in pontic region to achieve the desired gingival zenith and contour. The procedure was painless, blood free, followed by quick healing and effective in achieving optimal aesthetic outcome for both the patients.

Background: Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 research has been continued to explore multiple facets of the disease. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between blood group phenotypes and COVID-19 susceptibility.Methods: In this hospital based, retrospective observational study 132 COVID-19 patients were enrolled from SMS Medical Hospital in Jaipur, India after receiving approval from the institutional ethics committee. The ABO, Rh and Kell blood group phenotypes along with demographic data of the patients were recorded. The observed proportions of ‘A’ , ‘B’, ‘AB’, ‘O’, ‘Rh’, and ‘Kell’ blood groups in COVID-19 patients were compared against the expected proportions (the null hypothesis) of the general population using Pearson’s chi-squared test and partition analysis.Results: There were significant differences between observed and expected frequency for the ABO and Kell blood phenotypes. Further partition analysis of ABO phenotypes showed that the group ‘A’ phenotypes were more susceptible to COVID-19. The Kell negatives were also more susceptible. The blood groups ‘AB’, ‘B’, ‘O’, and ‘Rh’ showed no significant difference for susceptibility to COVID-19.Conclusion: The study shows a relationship between ABO, Rh, and Kell blood groups and COVID-19 susceptibility. The application of these relationships in clinics should be explored in future studies.

Introduction: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread on an unprecedented scale from around the world, we described our experience in treating early COVID-19 cases in India. Materials and Methods: An observational study of COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care centre in North India between 2 March–4 April 2020 was performed. The clinical, epidemiological, laboratory, treatment and outcome data of patients were evaluated. Results: A total of 75 patients were treated and 56 (74.66%) were men. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 ranged from asymptomatic to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Fever (85.36%) was the most common symptom followed by cough (56.09%) and dyspnoea (19.51%). Findings from hemogram analysis showed that 32%, 21.33% and 18.67% of patients had lymphopaenia, eosinopenia and thrombocytopaenia, respectively. Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, D-dimer, ferritin, fibrin degradation product and interleukin-6 were significantly elevated (P

A little over century after the 1918 influenza pandemic, the world is witnessing another pandemic of similar magnitude, caused by SARS-CoV-2 and affecting nearly 215 countries. Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the lungs, neurological presentations are being recognised with increasing frequency. Recently, Ellul and colleagues1 have elaborated a spectrum of neurological diseases in 901 patients of COVID-19. Here, we describe three case series of brain autopsies2–4 that have revealed distinctly different pathologies, failing to explain the common pathobiological mechanism of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in severe COVID-19. Solomon et al 2 reported histopathological changes in autopsies of 18 patients with COVID-19 from a teaching hospital. Gross inspection showed no changes suggestive of acute stroke, herniation or olfactory bulb damage. Microscopic examination revealed changes of acute hypoxia in the cerebrum and cerebellum in 100% of patients with COVID-19, with neuronal loss in various structures like cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. There were no findings of thrombosis or vasculitis. Focal …

Background: Antibody testing against SARS-CoV-2 complimentary to RT-PCR could be an effective method for its detection. Development of immunity against COVID-19 in context of reinfection and herd immunity still remains debatable and needs further elucidation. The present study was conducted to investigate the immunity status against SARS-CoV-2 in terms of IgG antibody positivity in health care workers at a tertiary care center. Methodology: This single center study was conducted at a tertiary care center, that involved 1039 healthcare workers and other staff members. The testing of all subjects was performed using ELIFAST (SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA) kits. The sample population was then segregated into RT-PCR positive and negative/status unknown groups. Groups were further segregated on the basis of IgG positivity status and the sensitivity and specificity was also calculated. Results: Among the 1039 enrolled subjects, 179 (17.23%) were RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2 positive and remaining were either RT-PCR negative or status unknown cases. Among 179 COVID-19 recovered subjects, 19 (10.61%) were negative for IgG, whereas 160 (89.39%) came out IgG positive. Out of 860 (82.77%) RT-PCR Negative/Status unknown, 248 (28.84%) came out IgG positive and the remaining 612 (71.16%) were negative for IgG. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 89.39 and 71.16, respectively. Conclusion: A combined approach of testing for COVID-19 using RT-PCR and rapid antibody assays could be more beneficial. Serological studies project a higher antibody response in population that compel us to think about plausibility of herd immunity. However, variability in serological response could be affected by several factors and the underlying complex immune process of COVID-19 is yet to be fully understood.

Introduction: Hypertension is a multifactorial disease and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, particularly in patients of diabetes mellitus. Management of hypertension is one of the critical components of comprehensive clinical management of diabetics. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of physical activity on systemic inflammation in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with hypertension. Methods: A total of 100 participants of either gender aged 40–69 years of Stage 2 essential hypertension were included in the study and assigned to 12 weeks of moderate physical activity (walking 10,000 steps/day). These study participants were further divided into two groups: type 2 diabetic (n =66) and nondiabetic (n = 34) hypertensives. Anthropometric parameters were noted and biochemical variables estimated at baseline and postintervention and evaluated statistically. Results: Twelve weeks of walking resulted in improved levels of inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were reduced from 168.98 ± 3.76 to 154.29 ± 7.48 mmHg and from 103.38 ± 2.46 to 89.08 ± 3.62 mmHg, respectively. Body weight and body mass index were reduced from 69.8 ± 7.09 to 68.3 ± 6.53 kg and 23.21 ± 3.35 to 22.70 ± 3.16 kg/m2, respectively. A significant decrease in glycated hemoglobin (Group 1: 8.36% ± 1.83% vs. 7.74% ± 1.82%; Group 2: 5.56% ± 0.4% vs. 5.09% ± 0.19%) was found. A significant reduction in TNF-α levels in hypertensives with diabetes and a significant (P

Background: The present study was undertaken to investigate imaging features of emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia by chest ultrasound point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) and digital radiographs (chest radiograph [CXR]) and their correlation with clinical manifestation and severity of the disease. Methods: The present ongoing single-center study assessed patients admitted from April 20 to May 15, 2020, with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia at SMS Medical College Hospital, Jaipur, India. The clinical features, laboratory investigations, CXR, and POCUS findings were evaluated and compared. Results: Fifty-two patients with a manifestation of COVID-19 pneumonia were studied. Most of the patients were in the fifth and sixth decade of age group with a mean age of 56.57 years. There was an overall male preponderance (80% men and only 20% women). All pneumonitis patients were symptomatic with fever (88.46%), cough (82.69%), and dyspnea (55.77%) being the major symptoms. Thirty-four patients had underlying comorbid conditions. The digital radiograph-chest findings of 55.77% patients exhibited classic COVID-19 pneumonia findings. The ultrasonography of the chest findings revealed pleural and lungs changes in 94% of patients with COVID-19-positive pneumonia. CURB-65 score for the severity of pneumonia had a positive correlation with POCUS severity score and CXR visual score with P = 0.0013 and 0.0018, respectively. The duration of some major symptoms for COVID-19 pneumonia also had a positive correlation with the POCUS severity score and CXR visual score. Conclusion: The spectrum of COVID-19 pneumonia has a predilection for advancing age and male gender. Although both POCUS and CXR are important tools to detect severity of pneumonia, POCUS has higher sensitivity as compared to that of CXR to detect characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia, especially interstitial involvement or acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Background: The present study was undertaken to determine the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and evaluate its association with clinical presentation, severity, radiological imaging, management, and outcome in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection. Methods: The present study included 132 admitted COVID-19 patients, categorized into three groups. Group 1 had IL-6 within the normal reference range, Group 2 had IL-6 raised up to ten times the upper normal limit (UNL), and Group 3 had IL-6 level raised > ten times the UNL. The patient's data concerning medical history, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, radiological imaging, management, and outcome were extracted from their medical records for subsequent evaluation, interpretation, and association among the groups. Results: COVID-19 patients with raised IL-6 levels exhibited frequent symptomatic presentations, severity, and critical illness, especially with extremely high IL-6 levels (P

A case report of a 30-year-old HIV patient presented with features of interstitial lung disease usually misdiagnosed as tuberculosis or PCP and wrongly treated. HRCT of the lung suggestive of interstitial lung disease with no evidence of tumor or Pneumocystis jiroveci . The patient responded to steroids and was continued on antiretroviral treatment.

Hydatid disease is a parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus . It mainly affects the liver and lungs and can rarely affect other organs including the brain (Neurohydatidosis). Intracranial hydatid cysts account for 0.5–3% of all the cases of hydatid disease and contribute to 1–2% of all the intracranial space occupying lesions. We report a case of a 26-year-old female patient who presented with seizures and was found to have multiple giant intracranial hydatid cysts.

Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) is one of the most common hereditary disorders of dentin formation. It follows an autosomal dominant pattern of transmission, affecting both the formation and mineralization of dentin. Either or both primary and permanent dentition is affected by it. This paper briefly reviews the manifestations of DGI Type II (DGI1) and presents a case report of a family affected with DGI1 over four generations.

To compare efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine with pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).This double-blind study randomized 267 uncontrolled type 2 diabetes patients (HbA1c ≥7.5% and ≤11.5%), post 3 months' treatment with glimepiride/gliclazide and metformin, to additionally receive hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day (n = 135) or pioglitazone 15 mg/day (n = 132) for 24 weeks. Efficacy was assessed by changes in HbA1c, fasting (FBG) and post-prandial (PPG) blood glucose at Week 12 and Week 24.At Week 12 and Week 24, HbA1c, FBG and PPG significantly reduced from baseline in both groups. Mean reduction in glycemic parameters at Week 12 (HbA1c: -0.56% vs -0.72%, p = 0.394; FBG: -0.99 mmol/L vs -1.05 mmol/L, p = 0.878; PPG: -1.93 mmol/L vs -1.52 mmol/L, p = 0.423) and Week 24 (HbA1c: -0.87% vs -0.90%, p = 0.909; FBG: -0.79 mmol/L vs -1.02 mmol/L, p = 0.648; PPG: -1.77 mmol/L vs -1.36 mmol/L, p = 0.415) was not significantly different between the hydroxychloroquine and pioglitazone groups. Change in total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C was significant in favor of hydroxychloroquine (TC: -0.37 mmol/L vs 0.03 mmol/L, p = 0.002; LDL-C: -0.23 mmol/L vs 0.09 mmol/L, p = 0.003). Triglycerides significantly reduced in both groups at Week 24. Mean HDL-C remained unchanged. Study treatments were well tolerated.With favorable effects on glycemic parameters and lipids, hydroxychloroquine may emerge as well tolerated therapeutic option for T2DM.The sample size for this study was small. However, based on the encouraging results of this proof-of-concept study, longer duration studies in larger population can be conducted to further confirm these findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION DETAILS: Clinical Trial Registry-India URL: http://ctri.nic.in, Registration Number: CTRI/2009/091/001036.

Introduction: In patients with hopeless prognosis of the anterior teeth there is still a strong desire to save them for the sake of esthetics. If not grossly carious, broken down or discolored the extracted tooth after suitable modifications can be placed back in its original site by splinting it to the adjacent stable teeth. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients (10 males, 5 females) in the age range of 40-65 years with pathologically migrated, unsalvageable teeth were treated by splinting the extracted teeth immediately with the stable adjacent teeth. After 12 weeks, all the patients were explained various treatment options available for replacement of the lost teeth. The patients were asked to fill out a simple closed ended questionnaire citing the various difficulties encountered during this transitional period, selection of further treatment modalities and the reasons for their choice. The feedback obtained was then analyzed statistically. Results: Hundred percent of patients were happy with the esthetics; however, 60% of them were dissatisfied with the function that it provided. The primary problem being apprehension of splint fracture and difficulty while incising and the data was found to be statistically significant (P=0.01FNx08). All patients demanded a permanent treatment option following this with a fixed prosthesis. None of the patients were interested in the implant supported prosthesis due to cost, treatment time involved, and need for surgery. Conclusion: The concept of immediate pontic placement is surely a viable treatment option and promises an excellent transient esthetic solution for a lost tooth as well as enables good preparation of the extraction site for future prosthetic replacement.

Trauma causing the fracture of a restored tooth with the extracoronal full coverage prosthesis remaining intact is a common occurrence in dental practice. Reconstruction of the damaged tooth foundation and recementation of the crown can pose quite a challenge for the restorative dentist. This case report describes an innovative interdisciplinary chairside technique for the recementation of an all-ceramic crown on a fractured maxillary central incisor. The course of care described is effective, affordable, and saves time in comparison with other treatment options for such clinical situations.

Rectus sheath haematoma (RSH) is a well-documented but uncommon clinical condition. It is usually a self-limiting condition but can present as a life-threatening emergency. RSH after non-contact vigorous exercise is unknown. Two such cases secondary to yoga and laughter therapy sessions, respectively, are reported. One of them required surgical intervention, whereas the other was successfully treated conservatively.

Spacing in dentition negatively interferes with harmony of the smile. A lot of literature has been devoted to prosthetic closure of such space(s) in the dentition; however, the only option for maintaining space(s) in tooth-supported fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) is with the aid of loop connectors. Eleven patients (seven males and four females) with mean age of 45.18 years (range 22-70 years), previously treated with porcelain fused to metal full coverage restorations joined with loop connectors, were evaluated clinically to assess the clinical status and longevity of treatment provided. All the patients were asked to fill a simple close-ended questionnaire to provide their perspective on the limitations and outcome of the treatment and rate their satisfaction level on the scale of 1-10. The cumulative survival of the FDPs with the aid of loop connectors was 90.9%. There was no reported esthetic failure and, at the time of responding to the questionnaire, none of the patients had active complaint with respect to the prosthesis and all but one of the patients were satisfied with the treatment provided. Clinical survivability and the patient feedback suggests that customized designing of loop connectors for each patient is an excellent treatment modality to successfully maintain excessive (single/generalized) spacing between teeth and effectively splint pathologically migrated and mobile teeth. The reported problems with this treatment option are all transient in nature.