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Lymnaeid snails are vital in transmitting trematode cercariae as an intermediate host that can infect buffalo and other ruminants and humans, causing significant economic losses. The study aimed to conduct morphological and molecular identification of snails and cercariae collected from the selected buffalo farms under palm oil integration in Perak, Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and 35 water were investigated for the presence or absence of snails. A total of 836 lymnaeid snails were collected from three marshes wetlands. To identify the snail family and species, morphological identification was performed on each snail’s shell, and to identify trematode cercariae types; the crushing method was used to observe the cercarial stage inside each snail’s body. In addition, the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) region and Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) was used as the target gene to identify the snail species and cercarial types up to the species level. The result showed that the collected snails belong to the family Lymnaeidae and Radix rubiginosa species. The infection rate by cercarial emergence in snails was 8.73%. Five morphological cercarial types were observed which include: echinostome, xiphidiocercariae, gymnocephalous, brevifurcate-apharyngeate distome, and vivax. Using molecular methods, the identified cercariae belong to the three families, including Echinostomatidae, Plagiorchiidae, and Fasciolidae. This is the first report on R. rubiginosa and different types of trematodes cercariae in buffalo farms under palm oil integration in Perak. Our finding confirmed that R. rubiginosa could serve as an intermediate host for a range of parasitic trematodes in Perak.

Particulate matter (PM) is the most dangerous air pollutant that adversely affects health. Increasing PM in urban areas is a big problem that must be solved. This study analyzed the amount of PM that accumulated on plant leaves, as well as the leaf traits that contribute to PM accumulation, to determine the plant’s ability to accumulate PM and the impact of PM on the plants. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were used to quantitatively assess metal concentrations in the particles that had accumulated on the leaf samples. Eight common plant species that grow on the roadside were used to analyze leaf traits using leaf samples. Specific leaf areas (SLA), leaf extract pH (pH), relative leaf water content (RWC), chlorophyll (Chl), and carotenoids were analyzed. PM accumulation and leaf traits varied among plant species, and Parthenocissus tricuspidata showed the highest PM accumulation on its leaf surface. The leaf’s elemental composition included C, O, Ca, K, Mg, S, P, Al, Si, Na, Cl, and Fe. Among these elements, Ca, K, and Cl made up a relatively large percentage. Fe was only detected in the leaves of Pachysandra terminalis and P. tricuspidata, while C and O were excluded as they are not relevant in determining PM metal content. Plants not only accumulate PM but also heavy metals from the atmosphere. This study found that plants with highly effective PM accumulation, such as P. tricuspidate, should be considered for optimizing the benefits of plants in improving air quality.

Introduction: Insomnia is a common disease in all societies and age groups. Among them, medical students are one of the population most susceptible to sleep problems. Studies from many countries have shown high prevalence of insomnia among medical students. Sleep diary is the gold standard for evaluating subjective insomnia and other sleep disorders. This research aims to study the prevalence of insomnia in Vietnamese medical students, associated factors, and their sleep patterns. Method: In a cross-sectional survey using stratified random sampling, a total of 176 medical students was recruited, each completed a self-administered questionnaire and a 7-consecutive-day sleep diary. Demographic data and lifestyle factors were obtained from the questionnaire, while sleep patterns and quality were collected from the sleep diary. We performed data analysis using SPSS ver 22, p

The occurrence and characterization of marine debris on beaches bring opportunities to track back the anthropogenic activities around shorelines as well as aid in waste management and control. In this study, the three largest beaches in Thanh Hoa (Vietnam) were examined for plastic waste, including macroplastics (≥ 5 mm) on sandy beaches and microplastics (MPs) ( 5 mm) in surface water. Among 3803 items collected on the beaches, plastic waste accounted for more than 98%. The majority of the plastic wastes found on these beaches were derived from fishing boats and food preservation foam packaging. The FT-IR data indicated that the macroplastics comprised 77% polystyrene, 17% polypropylene, and 6% high-density polyethylene, while MPs discovered in surface water included other forms of plastics such as polyethylene- acrylate, styrene/butadiene rubber gasket, ethylene/propylene copolymer, and zein purified. FT-IR data demonstrated that MPs might also be originated from automobile tire wear, the air, and skincare products, besides being degraded from macroplastics. The highest abundance of MPs was 44.1 items/m

Foodborne zoonotic trematode (FZT) infections are common neglected tropical diseases in Southeast Asia. Their complicated life cycles involve freshwater snails as intermediate hosts. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Yen Bai and Thanh Hoa provinces in North and Central Vietnam, to investigate the diversity of cercariae of potential FZT and to construct the phylogenetic relationship of trematode cercariae based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) region. Among 17 snail species collected from various habitats, 13 were infected by 10 cercarial groups among which parapleurolophocercous, pleurolophocercous, and echinostome cercariae were of zoonotic importance. The monophyletic tree separated cercarial sequences into different groups following the description of the cercariae families in which Haplorchidae, Opisthorchiidae, Echinochasmidae, and Echinostomatidae are important families of FZT. The overall prevalence was different among snail species and habitats and showed a seasonal trend. Parapleurolophocercous and echinostome cercariae emerged as the most common cercariae in snails in Yen Bai, while monostome, echinostome, and megalura cercariae were most common in Thanh Hoa. Using a molecular approach, we identified Parafossarulus striatulus as the first intermediate snail host of Clonorchis sinensis in Thac Ba Lake. Melanoides tuberculata and Bithynia fuchsiana were we identified preferred intermediate snail hosts of a diverse range of trematode species including intestinal flukes (i.e., Haplorchis pumilio and Echinochasmus japonicus) in Yen Bai and Thanh Hoa, respectively.

Asymptomatic transmission was found to be the Achilles' heel of the symptom-based screening strategy, necessitating the implementation of mass testing to efficiently contain the transmission of COVID-19 pandemic. However, the global shortage of molecular reagents and the low throughput of available realtime PCR facilities were major limiting factors.A novel semi-nested and heptaplex (7-plex) RT-PCR assay with melting analysis for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been established for either individual testing or 96-sample pooled testing. The complex melting spectrum collected from the heptaplex RT-PCR amplicons was interpreted with the support of an artificial intelligence algorithm for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The analytical and clinical performance of the semi-nested RT-PCR assay was evaluated using RNAs synthesized in-vitro and those isolated from nasopharyngeal samples.The LOD of the assay for individual testing was estimated to be 7.2 copies/reaction. Clinical performance evaluation indicated a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 97.83-100) and a specificity of 99.87% (95% CI: 99.55-99.98). More importantly, the assay supports a breakthrough sample pooling method, which makes possible parallel screening of up to 96 samples in one real-time PCR well without loss of sensitivity. As a result, up to 8,820 individual pre-amplified samples could be screened for SARS-CoV-2 within each 96-well plate of realtime PCR using the pooled testing procedure.The novel semi-nested RT-PCR assay provides a solution for highly multiplex (7-plex) detection of SARS-CoV-2 and enables 96-sample pooled detection for increase of testing capacity. .

IntroductionPhysical health conditions are the leading causes of death in people living with severe mental illness. In particular, the risk of metabolic syndrome; the constellation of abnormalities in weight, blood pressure, blood glucose and lipid levels, is high in this cohort. It has been recognised that commonly prescribed pharmacological agents for mental illness can further amplify the risk of developing metabolic syndrome; therefore, monitoring guidelines are in place for consumers prescribed antipsychotics. However, there is a disconnect between recommended guidelines and current practice. Our study aims to investigate: (1) the feasibility of a community pharmacist-led physical health monitoring for metabolic parameters in consumers with mental illness currently taking second generation antipsychotics and (2) the potential outcomes of the intervention (eg, rates and outcome of referrals to general practitioners, relationship between the pharmacist’s lifestyle counselling advice and change in metabolic parameters).Methods and analysisWe propose a longitudinal metabolic monitoring study led by community pharmacists with one-to-one consultations between trained pharmacists and participants at set intervals over a 12-month period. Our primary outcome is to determine the feasibility of the pharmacist-led intervention. The secondary outcome is to explore the overall health outcomes of consumers enrolled in the intervention. This is a mixed-methods study including both quantitative and qualitative outcomes. Qualitative data will be analysed via the process of data immersion, coding and identification of themes. Quantitative outcomes will be analysed using IBM Statistics SPSS software. Univariate descriptive, regression analysis and dependent t-tests will be performed. Statistical significance will be at α 0.05.Ethics and disseminationOur study has been approved by the institutional Human Research Ethics Committee (Protocol no: 203433). Findings will be made publicly available in peer-reviewed articles, conference presentations to health professionals, as well as other stakeholders. Protocol V.2.1, August 2021.Trial registration numberACTRN12621001435875.

Sediment bioelectrochemical systems (SBESs) can be integrated into brackish aquaculture ponds for in-situ bioremediation of the pond water and sediment. Such an in-situ system offers advantages including reduced treatment cost, reusability and simple handling. In order to realize such an application potential of the SBES, in this laboratory-scale study we investigated the effect of several controllable and uncontrollable operational factors on the in-situ bioremediation performance of a tank model of a brackish aquaculture pond, into which a SBES was integrated, in comparison with a natural degradation control model. The performance was evaluated in terms of electricity generation by the SBES, Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and nitrogen removal of both the tank water and the tank sediment. Real-life conditions of the operational parameters were also experimented to understand the most close-to-practice responses of the system to their changes. Predictable effects of controllable parameters including external resistance and electrode spacing, similar to those reported previously for the BESs, were shown by the results but exceptions were observed. Accordingly, while increasing the electrode spacing reduced the current densities but generally improved COD and nitrogen removal, increasing the external resistance could result in decreased COD removal but also increased nitrogen removal and decreased current densities. However, maximum electricity generation and COD removal efficiency difference of the SBES (versus the control) could be reached with an external resistance of 100 Ω, not with the lowest one of 10 Ω. The effects of uncontrollable parameters such as ambient temperature, salinity and pH of the pond (tank) water were rather unpredictable. Temperatures higher than 35°C seemed to have more accelaration effect on natural degradation than on bioelectrochemical processes. Changing salinity seriously changed the electricity generation but did not clearly affect the bioremediation performance of the SBES, although at 2.5% salinity the SBES displayed a significantly more efficient removal of nitrogen in the water, compared to the control. Variation of pH to practically extreme levels (5.5 and 8.8) led to increased electricity generations but poorer performances of the SBES (vs. the control) in removing COD and nitrogen. Altogether, the results suggest some distinct responses of the SBES under brackish conditions and imply that COD removal and nitrogen removal in the system are not completely linked to bioelectrochemical processes but electrochemically enriched bacteria can still perform nonbioelectrochemical COD and nitrogen removals more efficiently than natural ones. The results confirm the application potential of the SBES in brackish aquaculture bioremediation and help propose efficient practices to warrant the success of such application in real-life scenarios.

Library and Information Service is a bridge which supports effectively for lectures, postgraduates and undergraduates in exploiting efficiently the information resources in the University Library. Therefore, the improvement of the quality of the Library and Information Service is a regular activity in university libraries. Based on the assessment reports and surveys concerning to the Library and Information Services at the University Library of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, the paper presents measure to improve this activity, thereby contributing to create valuable products and services in order to meet the needs of training and scientific research for users.

Population aging, which is a global phenomenon, has strongly impacted the social lives of many societies around the world. In which, Japan and Vietnam are two of the twenty countries with the largest older population in the world. The “Kaso”- depopulation, has been occurring in rural Japan since the 1960s and has had negative impacts on community development. Vietnam in general, and Thua Thien Hue Province in particular is revealed to be in the beginning period of the “aging phase” - one of the Kaso signs. This paper attempts to clarify (1) how the extent of “Kaso” in Japan occurs in the study area of Vietnam; and (2) how is the inhabitant consciousness on daily life, socioeconomic development status and the concern of local people on the future development of rural community in context of projected population aging. Based on preliminary typology analysis of the demographic statistics (total population, aging population structure) of Thua Thien Hue at the commune level during the period of 1989-2012, two rural communes with aging population characters were chosen for further analysis through household questionnaires. The research result demonstrated that there has been similar to the initial situation of Kaso in rural Japan. However, the deep analysis result indicated that the presence of rural people’s negative consciousness of community development is not strong. Those preliminary results enable to emphasize significant importance on providing implicit information on the negative consciousness of rural people regarding the future of rural Vietnam.

The sedimentary basins in area of Việt Nam continental shelf are located along the deep fault systems between the folded Indochinese block and Việt Băc-Hoa Nam platform and with the transitional zone. Is means that the zone attenuated continental crust. Due to that extruction of the Indochinese block toward the SoustEast which wrenched in right, in addition, due to the appearance of the thermal anomaly, producing the activity of Bien Dong seafloor spreading axis and drift of Australian–New Guinea plate toward Nord-East, induced some geodinamic factors to form many sedimentary basins in margins of Biển Dong Sea, such as: rift, pressure, extension, vertical slide cliff, horizontal displacement and wrench. These geodinamic factors created favourable conditions to form, develop and deform the sedimentary basins in Việt Nam continental shelf, followed the pull- apart type mechanism. But each sedimentary basin had its type of mechanism which depended on the concrete place of its basin from the Indochinese block and the thermal anomaly in Bien Dong Sea. Beside, itsformed condition for gas hydrate accumulations in some basins.

Aims In RCT of adults with decompensated cirrhosis, GCSF mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells HSC and improves short-term outcome. An FDA-IND for sequential Kasai-GCSF treatment in biliary atresia BA was approved. This phase 1 study examines GCSF safety in Kasai subjects. Preliminary short-term outcome was evaluated. Methods GCSF (Neupogen) at 5 or 10 μg/kg (n = 3/group) was given in 3 daily doses starting on day 3 of Kasai surgery (NCT03395028). Serum CD34+ HSC cell counts, and 1-month of GCSF-related adverse events were monitored. The 6-months Phase 1 clinical outcome was compared against 10 subsequent post Phase 1 Kasai patients who did not receive GCSF. Results With GCSF, WBC and platelet count transiently increased, LFT and serum creatinine remained stable. Reversible splenic enlargement (by 8.5–20%) occurred in 5/6 subjects. HSC count increased 12-fold and 17.5-fold for the 5 μg/kg and10 ug/kg dose respectively; with respective median total bilirubin levels for GCSF vs no-GCSF groups of 55 vs 91 μM at 1 month, p = 0.05; 15 vs 37 μM at 3 months, p = 0.24); and the 6-months cholangitis frequency of 40% vs 90%, p = 0.077. Conclusions GCSF safely mobilizes HSC in Kasai infants and may improve short-term biliary drainage and cholangitis. Phase 2 efficacy outcome of GCSF adjunct therapy for sequential Kasai and GCSF is pending.

Background:Data about the risk factors and pancreatic cancer in developing countries remain limited. We investigated for the first time the role of a number of risk factors (family cancer history, smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, inflammation disease, HBV infection) associated with pancreatic cancer among Vietnamese patients.Methods:We included all patients hospitalized at 4 Northern Vietnamese hospitals (Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Bach Mai, Viet Duc, Thai Nguyen) and diagnosed with pancreatic cancer during the period from 2017 to 2019. Risk factors of eligible patients were collected and assessed the associations using a matched control study and logistic regression model analysis.Results:We identified 196 patients with diagnosis of pancreatic cancer of which 114 males and 82 females. The average age of the patient at the time of diagnosis was 58.28 years (standard deviation of 12.94, ranging from 25 to 87). Most of patients were diagnosed at advanced stage (85%). Smoking, diabetes, inflammation disease significantly increased the cancer risks (OR and 95% CI were 2.42 (1.38-4.37), 3.09 (1.54-6.68), 2.21 (1.42-3.45), respectively). HBV infection demonstrated a significant link with pancreatic cancer in univariate model (OR = 2.94 (1.08-9.36)), but not in multivariate model. However, cancer family history and alcohol drinkers did not show any significantly increased risk related to pancreatic cancer.Conclusions:Our finding showed smoking, diabetes, inflammation disease significantly increased the risk of pancreatic cancer in Vietnam.

Background: Tumor budding (Bd) has been demonstrated to be a promising prognostic factor in many carcinomas and in gastric cancer. It may represent an optimal additional parameter that is helpful for risk stratification in gastric adenocarcinoma. Hence, the present research was designed to predict the survival outcomes of gastric cancer in Vietnam, applying the tumor budding criteria of the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) 2016. Methods: The present study was conducted on 109 gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery but did not receive neo-adjuvant chemotherapy from 2012 to 2015. The patients’ clinicopathological features were recorded. Bd was evaluated according to the 2016 ITBCC criteria and classified as Bd1 (0–4 buds), Bd2 (5–9 buds), and Bd3 (≥10 buds) grades, in addition to being categorized into 2 main Bd groups: low (Results: Of all the patients, 22.9% were classified as Bd1, 31.2% as Bd2, and 45.9% as Bd3 grades. Furthermore, 54.1% patients were categorized into the low and 45.9% into the high Bd groups. Patients with Bd1 and Bd2 grades (the low Bd group) exhibited the best prognosis, with 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of 85.7%, 90.8%, and90.3%, respectively. Patients with Bd3 grade (the high Bd group exhibited the worst prognosis, and none of them lived for 5 years (p < 0.001). Similar to OS rates, disease-free survival (DFS) rates markedly reduced from the Bd1 to Bd3 grade: Bd1, 95.0%; Bd2, 84.7%; and Bd3, 0% (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with different gastric cancer Bd grades exhibited significantly different OS and DFS rates. The present study findings suggest that the ITBCC criteria can be used to stratify Bd for the treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer patients in Vietnam.

Objectives Though menstrual and reproductive factors have been associated with the risk of breast cancer in many populations, very few studies have been conducted among Vietnamese women. This study aimed to assess the association between menstrual and reproductive factors and the risk of breast cancer in Vietnamese women. Methods A retrospective case-control study of 490 breast cancer cases and 468 controls was conducted in Northern Vietnam. Unconditional logistic regression models adjusting for confounders were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of menstrual and reproductive factors with the risk of breast cancer; overall and by cancer subtype. Results Among breast cancer patients, the luminal B subtype was the most frequent (48.6%), followed by HER2-overexpressing (24.5%), luminal A (16.7%), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC; 10.2%). Among menopausal women, menopausal age at 50 years or older (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.15-2.57 vs. Conclusion Associations of menstrual and reproductive factors with breast cancer among Vietnamese women, particularly for among premenopausal women and for the luminal A subtype, are generally consistent with those reported from other countries. These findings suggest that changes in menstrual and reproductive patterns among young Vietnamese women may contribute to the recent rising incidence of breast cancer in Vietnam.

LD field is the second oil discovery on offshore Block 15-1/05, which is located 15 kilometres East-North East of the first discovery (LDN field). The major aim of this study is to evaluate correlations between accumulated hydrocarbons and source rocks of LD structure, in order to verify their potential for generating oil and gas. Therefore, the authors have synthesized and analyzed geochemical and biomarker characteristics, structures, and chemical compositions of crude oils and source rock extracts by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis to interpret hydrocarbon origins of the LD field. Oil samples and source rock hydrocarbon extracts were from LD-1X/LD-1Xst and LD-3X/LD-3Xbis well of the LD field. Based on biomarker distributions, five oil samples as well as nineteen studied extracts from source rocks indicated predominant non-marine algal organic substances as well as contributions of bacterial and higher plant input. Such samples are characterized by the presence of oleananes, high concentration of C27 steranes compared to C29 and C28 steranes, and the presence of 4-methyl C30-steranes low to moderate concentration. Those evidences show that the oil samples are derived from a single source unit.

Background: Since chronic hyperglycemia-related damage to small blood vessels results in complications, patients with longer durations of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are more likely to develop microvascular complications, such as retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy, which are very harmful to the health of humans. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of diabetes-related microvascular complications and to explore their risk factors in patients with T2DM in Tianjin, China. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at 8 hospitals in urban and suburban regions of Tianjin, China. The information collected from the subjects mainly included demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements and clinical information. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the possible risk factors for microvascular complications (retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy). Results: A total of 4,490 patients with T2DM from 8 hospitals in Tianjin, China were selected from November 2015 to January 2016. Of the study subjects, 2,270 (50.6%) were males. The median age was 64.0±13.0 years. The percentage of patients with T2DM who had at least one microvascular complication was 34.5%. The prevalence rates of neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy were 23.5%, 17.4%, and 10.8%, respectively. The results of the multivariate logistic regression showed that the duration of diabetes, insulin use, and the presence of hypertension and dyslipidemia were the main risk factors for developing microvascular complications of T2DM. Conclusions: The incidence of diabetes complications in Tianjin is high. Increasing the control of risk factors can reduce the occurrence of complications to reduce the disease burden and improve the quality of life of patients.

Aims and objectives : To validate the ability of factors to predict infection in adults with chronic leg ulcers over a 12-week period. Background: Leg ulcers affect ~3% of older adults and are often hard to heal. Infection is a leading contributor for delayed healing, causing delayed wound healing, increased hospitalisation, increased healthcare costs and reduced patient quality of life. The importance of early identification of infection has been highlighted for decades, yet little is known about factors that are associated with increased risk of infection in this specific population. Design : A longitudinal, prospective observational study in a single centre. Methods : Between August 2017 and May 2018, a total of 65 adults with chronic leg ulcers were prospectively observed for a 12-week period. Patients were recruited from an outpatient wound clinic at a tertiary hospital in Australia. Data were collected from recruitment (baseline) and each visit (weekly or fortnightly) up until 12 weeks. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify predictive factors for infection. The TRIPOD guidelines for reporting were followed (See Data S1). Results : The sample consisted of 65 adults with chronic leg ulcers, and 9.2% of these had their ulcer infected at baseline. Two predictive factors, using walking aids and gout, were found to be significantly related to increased likelihood of developing infection within 12 weeks. Conclusion : The present study showed that patients who either used walking aids or were diagnosed with gout were at greater risk of infection compared to those without these factors. Relevance to clinical practice: These findings provide new information for clinicians in early identification of patients at risk of infection, and for patients in enhancing their awareness of their own risk.

From July 2017 to Jan 2019, a total of 572 retail fresh vegetables were collected to clarify the contamination of Salmonella in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Salmonella was isolated from 74 (12.9%) of 572 samples. The isolation rate of Salmonella from retail fresh vegetables in the rainy season (15.3%) was significantly higher than that in the dry season (7.6%) (P

Exposing to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) has been identified as one of the major contributing factors to poor mental health and suicide in adolescents. However, little is known about this relationship in Vietnamese adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ACEs on depression, psychological distress and suicidal thought among Vietnamese adolescents across different areas in Vietnam. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted among 4957 secondary school and high school students aged 13-20 in urban area, rural area, border area and mountainous area. The students were asked to complete a self-report questionnaire which included the Center for Epidemiological studies - Depression, the Kessler-10 and ACE questionnaire from the WHO Adverse Childhood Experiences Study. Suicidal thought was evaluated by a single question from the U.S. Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Among 4720 students included in the analysis, 54.4% were female. The prevalence of depression, psychological distress and suicidal thought was 22.9%, 30.6% and 10.9% respectively. About 86% of participants experienced at least one type of ACEs and nearly 56% reported multiple types of ACEs. Students with four or more types of ACEs had 6.98 (95% CI 5.09 -9.56), 4.72 (95 % CI 3.58-6.23) and 6.43 (95 % CI 4.45-9.30) times higher in odds of having depression, psychological distress and suicidal thought respectively. In conclusion, ACEs are common in Vietnamese adolescents and are strongly associated with depression, psychological distress and suicidal thought. Our finding indicates urgent needs for interventions targeting both ACEs and depression, psychological distress in Vietnamese adolescents.

Interpretation of wireline logging data supported to recover the sedimentary environment of block 102 of Song Hong basin. It inchided in determination of the spatial distribution of source, reservoir and cap rocks and an indispensable part in oil exploration of this area. Resulted wireline logging data showed some sedimentary environment units as the following The late Oligocene was delta environment. It was identified as forming delta plain, swamp to lacustrine. The middle Miocene had changed to shallow water marine environment, which formed the shoreface, tidal flat, lagoon and channel. The lower Miocene was aluvial environment that changed into fluvial and coastal plain.

Basing on the structure, stratigraphic, depositional conditions and petroleum system the petroleum prospect, Song Hong northern basin, particularly, blocks A and B was evaluated. SIgnificantly high gas potential areas are Hong Ha, Sapa and Bach Long Bac structural sections. Predominantly oil potential is found in Hau Giang and Vam Co Dong structural areas. Low gas potential is found in Cay Quat and Ben Hai structural sections and low oil potential is found in Vam Co Tay, Chi Linh, Do Son and Tien Lang structural areas. The result of the calculation of a petroleum accumulattion capacity at the local, enhanced recoveral volume, risk parameters for stored gas and oil amount in blocks A and B are the oil potential in Kainozoi basement rock (KZ): oil accumulation volume at the local is 1722.9 million barrels (273.9 million cubic meters); oil recovery coefficient is 0.25 %; oil recoverable amount is 430.7 million barrels (68.5 million cubic meters). The gas potential in Miocene structural areas: gas accumulation volume at the local is 1620 BSCF (45.8 billion cubic meters); gas recoverable amount is 972 BSCF (27.5 billion cubic meters). The coefficient of success is quite low at 0.18 - 0.31 for gas and 0.08 – 0.23 for oil. Suggestion for the exploitation and exploration in further steps is to servey the 3D seismic in a 1500 square kilometer area and drill 2 wells for the exploration.

There is mounting concern about how to support decision-makers in driving sustainable water resources management; science needs to support the decision-making process to promote evidence-based decisions. To this end, sustainability assessment is considered a useful technique, which provides enough information to assist management. This study proposed a groundwater sustainability assessment framework, which is developed from a regular sustainability assessment approach and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). In the proposed framework, the three main pillars (environmental, social, and economic) of the concept of sustainability were considered the three important sustainability criteria. Hence, we demonstrated the proposed framework for a Hanoi case study with focus on the environmental sustainability criterion. The concept of AHP was used to create the main sustainability components (the three criteria, associated with their aspects and indicators) of a hierarchy, which appropriately cover environmental sustainability issues of groundwater resources in the target area. Based on the available reliable data of the current problems in Hanoi, we proposed three main sustainability aspects (quantity, quality, and management) and, accordingly, selected their twelve environmental sustainability indicators. To determine a reasonable sustainability assessment, we considered a conventional linear and non-linear relationship between the indicators and the corresponding sustainability indices. As for the results from the Hanoi case study, the environmental sustainability indices obtained from using a combined linear and non-linear relationship case appropriately reflect the current situation, that is, the environmental sustainability assessment is close to reality. The sustainability indices of the quantity, quality, and management aspects of groundwater were appropriately assessed at acceptable levels, resulting in Hanoi being rated at the acceptable level in the final environmental sustainability index. The variability of the environmental sustainability indices indicated that the current groundwater abstraction networks are heavily concentrated in a few specific areas in Hanoi, which is not optimal for utilizing the rich natural recharge resources of the area. Improvement of the current poor groundwater quality and strict enforcement of environmental regulations are essential to enhancing the environmental sustainability and, more importantly, to drive Hanoi towards sustainable groundwater resources.

Aim: This study aimed to validate the relationships between possible predictive factors and clinically diagnosed infection in adult patients with chronic leg ulcers. Methods: This study used a sample of 636 adult participants whose ulcers were diagnosed as either venous, arterial or mixed aetiology leg ulcers and had no clinical signs of infection at recruitment. Data were extracted from recruitment to 12 weeks from six longitudinal prospective studies from 2004 to 2015. Survival analysis was used to investigate mean time-to-infection, including the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional-hazards regression model. Results: The sample included 74.7% venous, 19.6% mixed and 5.7% arterial leg ulcers. There were 101 (15.9%) participants diagnosed with infection at least once within 12 weeks of follow-up. Mean time-to-infection was 10.89 weeks (95% CI = 10.66-11.12). After adjustment for potential confounders, a Cox proportional hazards regression model found that depression, using walking aids, calf ankle ratio

The residual levels of antibiotics in Vietnamese eggs were monitored from 2014 to 2015. A total of 111 egg packages, distributed by 11 different companies, were collected from supermarkets in Ho Chi Minh City and the levels of 28 antibiotics were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) screening method. Sixteen samples tested positive for antibiotics; a total of eight compounds (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine, sulfamonomethoxine, tilmicosin and trimethoprim) were detected. Enrofloxacin was detected in eight samples, with two samples exhibiting concentrations exceeding 1,000 µg kg−1. Tilmicosin was detected in three samples at a range of 49–568 µg kg−1. We observed that two of the 11 companies frequently sold antibiotic-contaminated eggs (detection rates of 56 and 60%), suggesting that a number of companies do not regulate the use of antibiotics in egg-laying hens. Our findings indicate that livestock farmers require instr...

Background Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers are the method of choice for genetic analyses including diversity and quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies. Marker validation is essential for QTL studies, but the cost and workload are considerable when large numbers of markers need to be verified. Marker systems with low development costs would be most suitable for this task. Results We have tested allele specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), tetra markers and a genotyping tool based on the single strand specific nuclease CEL-I to verify randomly selected SNP markers identified previously either with a SNP array or by genotyping by sequencing in rice and mungbean, respectively. The genotyping capacity of allele-specific PCR and tetra markers was affected by the sequence context surrounding the SNP; SNPs located in repeated sequences and in GC-rich stretches could not be correctly identified. In contrast, CEL-I digestion of mixed fragments produced from test and reference DNA reliably pinpointed the correct genotypes, yet scoring of the genotypes became complicated when multiple SNPs were present in the PCR fragments. A cost analysis showed that as long the sample number remains small, CEL-I genotyping is more cost-effective than tetra markers. Conclusions CEL-I genotyping performed better in terms of genotyping accuracy and costs than tetra markers. The method is highly useful for validating SNPs in small to medium size germplasm panels. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41065-016-0024-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Up to now, reservoir system in Cuu Long basin have been known including Pre-Tertiary fracture basement, sandstone of lower-Oligocene formation (Porosity from 12 to 16%, permeability from 1 to 250 mD), sandstone of upper-Oligocene formation (Porosity from 12 to 21%, permeability from 2 to 26 mD), sandstone of lower-Miocene formation (Porosity from 14 to 28%, permeability from 1 to 1300 mD). However, the result of evaluation of analysis of data at block 02 is very good oil shows in sandstone of middle-Miocene formation, the gas oil ratios of this oil is from medium to high, predominantly light oil and hydrocacbon have not changed yet. The result of analysis of core samples and petrophysis data of sandstone of middle-Miocene is that porosity is from

Recently, novel materials such as semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) nanowires (NWs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and hybrid materials SMO/CNTs have been attractively received attention for gas sensing applications. These materials are potential candidates for improving the well known “3S”: Sensitivity, Selectivity and Stability. In this article, we describe our recent studies on synthesis and characterizations of nanomaterials for gas-sensing applications. The focused topics include are: (i) various system of hybrid materials made CNTs and SMO; and (ii) quasi-one-dimension (Q1D) nanostructure of SMO materials. The synthesis, characterizations and gas-sensing properties are deal thoroughly. Gas-sensing mechanism of those materials, possibility producing new novel materials and other novel applications are also discussed

In the Cuu Long basin, three source beds are identified: lower Miocene, Upper Oligocene, upper Eocene + lower Oligocene. They are separated from each other by sand-clay layers. Only Upper Oligocene and Upper Eocene + Lower Oligocene source beds are two main source beds supplying a great part of organic matter into traps. Petroleum source potential of Upper Oligocene source bed (66.30 billion tons) is greater than Upper Eocene + Lower Oligocene bed (29.88 billion tons). Total amount of hydrocarbon has ability to take part in accumulation process at the petroleumbearing traps from Upper Oligocene and Upper Eocene + Lower Oligocene source beds is over 2.19 billion tons and below 1.16 billion tons respectively. Thus, in whole CuuLong basin, source rocks have capacity to produce 96.18 billion tons of hydrocacbon in which accumulation is 3.35 billion tons making up 3.35% production quantity. Applying Monte - Carlo simulation method, using Crystal Ball software to calculate production potential and total amount of organic matter taking part into migration and accumulation process give rather appropriate result with difference level ≤ 1.25%.. Prospecting levels are in the following order: (i)Central lift zone has the greatest prospects, next is Dong Nai lift zone, graben located in north west inclined slope, south east inclined slope, north east area of Tam Dao lift zone finally. (2)Petroleum does not only accumulate in structural, combination traps but also in non-structural traps.

Cuu Long basin is located mainly in South Vietnam continental shelf and a part of mainland belonging to Mekong estuary area. It has an oval shape, convex seawards and lies along Vung Tau-Binh Thuan coast. Cuu Long basin adjoins mainland northwestwards, separates from Nam Con Son basin by Con Son uplift, southwest part is Khorat - Natuna uplift and northeast part is Tuy Hoa strike-slips separated from Phu Khanh basin. Recent oil and gas quantity exploited from Cuu Long basin is evaluated to be produced dominantly from Oligocene organic-rich sediments. Some studies suggested that organic matter of lower Miocene shale deposits fails to come up to standard of source rock or very poor source rock. Lower Miocene sediments considered how to play a role in providing production into trap is the subject studied more in detailed in this report. The organic carbon (TOC %) in lower Miocene source rocks contains mostly kerogene type III is 0.64-1.32%. The depositional environment of the organic matter in the lower Miocene sediments is terrestral. Therefore the lower Miocene formation may be considered the source rocks, but has not generated hydrocarbon, because it has not passed the oil window. The depositional environment of the organic matter in the lower Miocene sediments is terrestry.

Geochemical parameters used popularly to define the level of maturation of organic matter are a vitrinite reflectance % Ro) combined with Tmax value defined at the peak Pic S2 by Pyrolysis (Rock-Eval). Moreover, model TTI method of Lopatin and Waple is applied to define the level of maturation of organic matter at any point where there is no well. By this way, mature process of organic matter will be estimated generally for a whole of study area. Results are that organic matters of lower Oligocene and upper Eocene formation and the bottom of upper Oligocene formation provide essentially oil and gas of Cuu Long basin. The bottom of lower Oligocene and the top of Eocene formation supplement wet and Condensat. Eocene formation at the depressions especially in the east and north BachHo is the dry gas. Oil and gas generated and migrated into traps occurred from early Miocene, but very intensively generated and migrated in period of Pliocene + Quaternary times. At the same time, the traps always are supplemented the wet gas, condensate and dry gas from Eocene formation.

Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradative pathway frequently activated in tumor cells treated with chemotherapy or radiation. Whether autophagy observed in treated cancer cells represents a mechanism that allows tumor cells to survive therapy or a mechanism for initiating a nonapoptotic form of programmed cell death remains controversial. To address this issue, the role of autophagy in a Myc-induced model of lymphoma generated from cells derived from p53ER(TAM)/p53ER(TAM) mice (with ER denoting estrogen receptor) was examined. Such tumors are resistant to apoptosis due to a lack of nuclear p53. Systemic administration of tamoxifen led to p53 activation and tumor regression followed by tumor recurrence. Activation of p53 was associated with the rapid appearance of apoptotic cells and the induction of autophagy in surviving cells. Inhibition of autophagy with either chloroquine or ATG5 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) enhanced the ability of either p53 activation or alkylating drug therapy to induce tumor cell death. These studies provide evidence that autophagy serves as a survival pathway in tumor cells treated with apoptosis activators and a rationale for the use of autophagy inhibitors such as chloroquine in combination with therapies designed to induce apoptosis in human cancers.

CO2 emission from burning coal has been used as a carbon source for growing Cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis in order to minimize the cost of biomass production, and currently to carry out CO2 bioremediation. This article presents the results of feeding S. platensis in laboratory conditions with 2 formulas including Pure CO2 and Flue gas CO2 upon using modified Zarrouk’s medium with 1.6 g / L NaHCO3 and 2g / L Na2CO3. Pure CO2 with 1.2% concentrations taken from 99% vol of industrial CO2 and CO2 gas (1.2%) received from the flue gas through the Modular system of Exhausted Gas Treatment (MEGT). Growth of the Cyanobacterium using CO2 - Flue gas is equivalent to CO2 -Pure. On this basis, S. platensis has been cultivated outdoor in an 25 m2 pond using CO2 gas (1.2%) from the tunnel brick factory emissions after suitable cleaning. The experiment in an outdoor pond system of 25 m2 indicated that the yield of biomass is of 10g/m2d with high-protein content (62.58 ± 2.34%) and fatty acids of high nutritional value (8.72 ± 0.14%), such as Omega - 6 and Omega - 3 reaching 14.74 ± 0.42% and 26.05 ± 0.64% of total fatty acid content, respectively. The quality of Spirulina cultured by CO2 gas meets the requirements for functional foods according to Vietnam national food standards. The article also presents the results of biomass productivity and chemical composition of the Cyanobacterium in different culture conditions.

Objective To compare two minimally invasive techniques for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis in young children. Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common diagnosis in young children. Maxillary sinus aspiration & irrigation with adenoidectomy (MSI) followed by an extended course of oral antibiotics has been shown to be an alternative to functional endoscopic sinus surgery. However, since MSI is not performed under direct visualization, it has inherent risk. This study analyzes the techniques of MSI and endoscopically guided middle meatus cultures & antral biopsy with adenoidectomy (EGC) in the (1) diagnosis of bacterial infection by culture, (2) time to resolution using double antibiotic therapy, and (3) associated morbidity of the two procedures. Methods The medical records at Wayne State University, Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery were reviewed from 2004 to 2010. All children who presented with CRS who underwent MSI or EGC were included in this retrospective case series. Results Patients presented with a history of cough, nasal discharge, and congestion. The mean age was 3.7 years. Symptom duration prior to treatment was 7.4 months in the 64 patients who underwent MSI and 9.1 months in the 46 patients who underwent EGC. MSI identified bacteria in 80% of patients compared to 73% in EGC patients (p = 0.45). The MSI group underwent antibiotic treatment for 8.7 weeks and achieved symptom resolution in 8.7 weeks compared to 6.9 weeks and 4.9 weeks respectively in the EGC group (p = 0.08 and 0.01). However, if patients presented with snoring or cough, time to resolution of symptoms was significantly lower in patients undergoing EGC versus MSI (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively). One patient who underwent MSI experienced epistaxis requiring nasal packing, and two patients had pseudoproptosis following irrigation that resolved spontaneously shortly thereafter. No complications were reported in the EGC group. Conclusion EGC is an effective treatment for young children with CRS. EGC and MSI are equally effective in obtaining diagnostic cultures. EGC decreases time to symptom resolution, and it lowers the risk of complication when compared to MSI.