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Moniezia expansa is common cestode in the small intestine of sheep and causes considerable damage to it. Therefore, an effort to study such biological aspects of Moniezia expansa which would help in its control is much needed. The glycogen content and in vitro consumption of endogenous glycogen was determined in immature, mature and gravid proglottids of Moniezia expansa by Anthrone method by Carroll et al.(1956). The total glycogen (on fresh weight basis) was found to be 3.03%, 4.26% and 3.85% respectively in immature, mature and gravid proglottids of unstarved (control) parasite. The glycogen content in immature, mature and gravid proglottids of parasites starved for 3 hrs. is 2.51%, 3.09% and 2.91% respectively, parasites starved for 6 hrs is 1.91%, 2.0% and 2.0% respectively, parasites starved for 9 hrs. 1.25%, 1.33% and 1.35 respectively and parasites starved for 12 hrs is 0.79%, 0.80% and 0.99% respectively (on fresh weight basis).The endogenous glycogen consumption (in percent of total glycogen content of control parasite) by immature, mature and gravid proglottid was found to be 17.16%, 27.46% 24.42% respectively in parasites starved for 3 hours, 36.96%, 53.05% and 48.05% respectively in parasites starved for 6 hours, 58.75% 68.78% and 64.94% respectively in parasites starved for 9 hours and 73.93%, 81.22% and 74.29% respectively in parasites starved for 12 hours. Rate of consumption of endogenous glycogen between different starvation time periods (in percentage per hour) for immature, mature and gravid proglottids is also calculated. Rate of consumption was maximum during early hours of starvation i.e. between 0–3 hrs and 3–6 hrs and was minimum at 9–12 hrs. Glycogen is the major energy reserve in parasitic helminths which live in low oxygen condition, as they are the best substrate for anaerobic energy production. The study of consumption of endogenous glycogen in cestode during starvation period may be quite helpful for their control in the host. The rate of endogenous glycogen consumption is helpful in understanding metabolic rate and physiological aspects of different proglottids of the parasite.

Objective:We report a very rare complication of nasal surgery: dislocation of the inferior turbinates into the nasopharynx, presenting as sleep apnoea and persistent nasal obstruction.Case report:A 56-year-old woman presented with a history of obstructive sleep apnoea for one year and nasal obstruction for seven years. She had undergone nasal surgery one year previously. Non-contrast computed tomography of the nose and paranasal sinuses showed a mass near the posterior choana on both sides, confirmed by nasal endoscopy. The displaced turbinates were removed, after resecting their attachment at the posterior choanae, and the patient's symptoms were relieved.Conclusion:This is a very rare complication of nasal surgery; to the best of our knowledge, we report only the second published case in the English language literature. We suggest that such cases be closely followed up post-operatively.

Amido/imido alcohol/2-phenyl-3-hydroxyethylquinazolin-4 (3H) -one 1 on treatment with benzoic acid in the presence of conc. H2SO4 yields m-(aralkylamido/imidoalkyl/2-phenyl-3-ethyl-3H-4-oxoquinazolinyl) benzoic acids 2. The acid chloride of 2 on reaction with hydrazine hydrate affords m-(aralkylamido/imidoalkyl/2-phenyl-3-ethyl-3H-4-oxoquinazolinyl) benzoic acid hydrazides 4 which on condensation with an aromatic aldehyde in acetic acid gives m(aralkylamido/imidoalkyl/2-phenyl-3-ethyl-3H-4-oxo-quinazolinyl) benzoic acid hydrazones 5. Compounds 5 undergo cyclization with phenoxy acetic acid in the presence of thionyl chloride in dry benzene to furnish 1-[m(aralkylamido/imidoalkyl/2-phenyl-3-ethyl-3H-4-oxo-quinazolinyl-benzamido)]-3-phenoxy-4-phenyl-2-azetidinones 6. The antiviral and antifungal activities of 6 have been reported. IPC: Int.Cl. 7 C 07 C 59/54 // A 61 P 31/12

A normal coordinate analysis for cyclic tetra-L-alanine molecule is reported. A comparison of amide modes and other low-frequency vibrations sensitive to conformational changes is made with those in poly-L-alanine. Intramolecular coupling coefficients are calculated using perturbation treatment.

O-Trialkylgermaniumamidoximes are prepared by reaction between trialkylgermanium chloride and amidoxime in the presence of triethylamine. These new derivatives are characterised by elemental analysis, molecular weight measurement and infrared spectroscopy.

N-methylaminoalkoxides of titanium of the type Ti(OR)4−n(O · CHR′ · CH2 · NR″R‴)n where R = Et and Pr1; n = 1–4; and R′ = R″ = H, R‴ = Me; R′ = H, R″ = R‴ = Me; R′ = R″ = R‴ = Me, synthesized by the reactions of titanium alkoxides with aminoalcohols, show interesting variations in their properties like physical state, volatility and molecular complexity. I.r. and p.m.r. spectra of these derivatives have been recorded. A few interchange reactions with methanol and tert-butanol have also been carried out. These aminoalkoxides get cleaved with acetyl chloride and undergo insertion reactions with phenylisocyanate, thus providing the first examples of insertion reactions in such derivatives. Umsetzungen von Titanalkoxiden mit N-Methylaminoalkoholen N-Methylaminoalkoxide des Titans vom Typ Ti(OR)4−n(O · CHR′ · CH2 · NR″R‴)n, die durch Umsetzungen von Titanalkoxiden mit Aminoalkoholen dargestellt wurden, zeigten interessante Unterschiede in ihren Eigenschaften. IR- und PMR-Spektren wurden registriert sowie Austauschreaktionen mit Methanol und t-Butanol durchgefuhrt. Diese Aminoalkoxide werden mit Acetylchlorid gespalten und gehen Einschubreaktionen mit Phenylisocyanat ein, was ein erstes Beispiel fur Einschubreaktionen bei solchen Verbindungen darstellt.

2-(Tributylstannoxy)-, 2(triphenylstannoxy)- and 2-(trimethylsiloxy)-3- hydro-4-alkyl- or -4-phenyl-1,3,5,2-oxadiazaboroles have been synthesized, and their properties examined.

A variety of new 3-aryl-4-phenyl-1,3,5,2-oxadiazaboroles of the type (where X = OR, Ph, OSiMe3, OSnBu3, OSnPh3 and and Ar = N-phenyl or N-m-tolyl) have been synthesized by different reaction routes. The products have been characterized by elemental analyses and physicochemical measurements such as IR, PMR and molecular weights.

Bis(1,3,5,2-oxadiazaborol-2-yloxy)tetrabutyldistannoxanes have been synthesized by the reaction of amidoxime, boric acid and dibutyltin oxide. A probable structure for the dimeric species has been proposed on the basis of molecular weight and IR spectral data.

Fluoro-β-diketone derivatives of titanium of the general formula (OR) 4-n Ti [OC(CF 3 ) = CHCOR'] n (R = Et and Pr 1 ; R' = CF 3 . Ph and C 4 H 3 S and n = 1 or 2), have been synthesized by the reaction of titanium alkoxides with fluoro-β-diketones. A few interchange reactions with tertiary butyl or amyl alcohols have also been studied.

N-Methylaminoalkoxides of zirconium of the type, Zr(OPri)4-n(O.CHR′.CH2.NR″R′)n, where R′ = R′ = H, R′ = Me; R′ = H, R′ = R′ = Me; R′ = R′ = R′ = Me; and n = 1–4, have been synthesized by the reactions of zirconium isopropoxide with aminoalcohols. These are characterized by elemental analyses and IR spectra. Insertion reactions of zirconium aminoalkoxides have been studied for the first time and have been shown to yield interesting derivatives with Zr-N bonds.

Using Wilson's GF-matrix method as modified by Higgs for infinite helical polymers, dispersion curves and the frequency distribution function have been calculated for poly-L-proline II chain. Infrared spectrum is obtained and a Urey-Bradley force field, which provides best fit with the observed frequencies, is evaluated. The result are discussed from the viewpoint of the conformational characteristics of forms I and II.

A complete normal coordinate analysis, infrared absorption, and inelastic neutron scattering studies on α-glycylglycine are reported. A Urey-Bradley force field which is also valid for N-deuterated sample is obtained. Assignments in the low-frequency region are based on inelastic neutron spectrum obtained in one phonon and cubic approximation.

Dispersion curves and frequency distribution for poly-L-hydroxyproline (PLHP) chain were obtained using Wilson's GF matrix method as modified by Higgs. These are compared with those of poly-L-proline II and polyglycine II, which also have three-fold screw symmetry. Ring and skeletal modes characteristic of PLHP are identified and the assignments of observed infrared and Raman frequencies are reported. Urey-Bradley force constants were evaluated.