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Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a newly emerging porcine circovirus that infects pig populations worldwide. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of PCV3 in Taiwan and analyzed the phylogenetic relationships between the Taiwanese PCV3 strains and those from other countries. A total of 463 clinical specimens from sick pigs were collected in 2016-2019 and analyzed for PCV3 by PCR. The positivity rate for PCV3 was 10.6% in 2016, increasing markedly to 34.78% in 2019. A phylogenetic analysis based on full-length genomic sequences of PCV3 divided the PCV3 strains into three clades, with the Taiwanese strains in clade 1.

Some physical factors including initial pH of medium, cultivation temperature and shaking speed as well as reuse affecting the production of cholesterol oxidase (CholOx) in reactors containing calcium alginate-immobilized cells of Rhodococcus equi No. 23 were investigated. Results revealed that the free cells showed the maximum CholOx in the culture with an initial pH of 5.0, while culture inoculated with immobilized cells exhibited a broad pH range, 6.0–9.0, for maximum CholOx production. The immobilized and free cells produced the maximum CholOx in the culture incubated at 30 and 25°C, respectively. The CholOx production decreased upon increasing the cultivation temperature. Increasing CholOx activity was also noted for both immobilized and free cells of R. equi No. 23 in the culture with increasing shaking speed. Under the optimal culture conditions, that were established, a higher maximum CholOx production of 0.94 unit/ml was found for immobilized R. equi No. 23 compared to that of 0.84 unit/ml for free cells after 48 h of cultivation. Furthermore, no gel leakage was noted after re-use of the calcium alginate-immobilized R. equi No. 23 for seven consecutive 48 h batch culture. The CholOx production in the seventh cycle was about 60.4% of that obtained in the first cycle.

The isotypic compounds (III) and (V) are characterized by single crystal XRD, UV/VIS spectroscopy, and XPS.

The title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous mixture of UO3, NaOH, NaF, Na2HPO4, and Na2SiO3 in a molar ratio of Na:F:U:P:Si = 39:5:1:2:10 (autoclave, 160 MPa, 585 °C, 2 d, 71% yield).

Rhodococcus equi No. 23 was immobilized in calcium alginate. No detrimental effect on the viability of the test organism was observed during the immobilization procedure. Approx. 98% of the cell population originally present in the alginate solution were immobilized in the gel beads. When the cells of an equal volume of the culture, obtained respectively at exponential phase (12 h preculture), late-exponential phase (20 h preculture) or stationary phase (36 h preculture) were immobilized, the gel beads prepared with the stationary-phase culture were found to contain the highest cell population [about 10(8) colony-forming units (CFU)/g of beads]. In addition, gel beads, prepared with late-exponential-phase culture, exhibited the highest production of cholesterol oxidase (CholOx) after 48 h of incubation. Increasing the bead mass from 3.5 to 14.0 g/100 ml of medium increased CholOx production. However, further increasing the bead mass resulted in a reduction of CholOx production. Furthermore, on the basis of a similar initial cell population, the alginate-immobilized cells of R. equi No. 23 produced a significantly higher amount of CholOx (P