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The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) belongs to the tyrosine kinase family consisting of four members (FGFR1-4). This study involved identification and characterization of FGFR1 and FGFR3 from mud crab Scylla paramamosain for the first time. The obtained cDNAs of SpFGFR1 and SpFGFR3 were 2,380 bp and 2,982 bp in length with a 1,503 bp and 2,310 bp open reading frame, respectively. The predicted SpFGFR1 protein included three immunoglobulin domains and a transmembrane region, while SpFGFR3 protein possessed a typical TyrKc (Tyrosine kinase, catalytic) domain. Real-time PCR analysis showed that SpFGFR1 and SpFGFR3 were highly expressed in the hepatopancreas. Furthermore, the expression levels of SpFGFR1 and SpFGFR3 in the hepatopancreas were enhanced following challenges with Vibro alginolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Poly (I:C) and White spot syndrome virus, which shows the involvement of SpFGFR1 and SpFGFR3 in innate immune response to infections from bacteria and virus. There was significant suppression of six antimicrobial peptide genes (SpALF1-5 and SpCrustin) and three NF-κB members (SpDorsal, SpIKK and SpRelish) when SpFGFR1 and SpFGFR3 was interfered in vivo. Also, treatment of the hemocytes with specific inhibitor of SpFGFR for 24 h consistently down-regulated SpDorsal, SpRelish and AMPs. These results suggested that SpFGFR1 and SpFGFR3 played important roles in regulating the Toll signaling pathway and immune deficiency (IMD) pathway through NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings may provide new insights into the role of FGFRs in the innate immune function of crustaceans.

Smads, part of signaling cascades that represent downstream pathways of the TGF-β super family proteins, are pleiotropic cytokines with important role in mediating cell proliferation, homeostasis, differentiation, apoptosis and immune response. However, the specific functions of Smads remain unknown in crustaceans. In the present study, the drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein gene 1 (Smad1) was firstly identified and characterized from the Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii. The obtained cDNA sequence of pcSmad1was 2, 503 bp long with a 1, 488 bp open reading fame, which encoded a putative protein of 496 amino acids. Furthermore, pcSmad1 responded to both Aeromonas hydrophila and WSSV challenge, suggesting the involvement of pcSmad1 in innate immune responses. Knockdown of pcSmad1 in vivo dramatically increased the expressions of NF-κB signaling genes and anti-lipopolysaccharide factor genes. Additionally, overexpression of pcSmad1 in HEK293T cells could markedly activate NF-κB signaling. Taken together, these results indicated that pcSmad1 played an immune-regulatory role in crayfish's innate immunity, which may provide a better understanding of TGF-β superfamily members in crustacean.

The mechanism of deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 2 (DLEU2)-long non-coding RNA in tumors has become a major point of interest in recent research related to the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors. Recent studies have shown that the long non-coding RNA DLEU2 (lncRNA-DLEU2) can cause abnormal gene or protein expression by acting on downstream targets in cancers. At present, most lncRNA-DLEU2 play the role of oncogenes in different tumors, which are mostly associated with tumor characteristics, such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. The data thus far show that because lncRNA-DLEU2 plays an important role in most tumors, targeting abnormal lncRNA-DLEU2 may be an effective treatment strategy for early diagnosis and improving the prognosis of patients. In this review, we integrated lncRNA-DLEU2 expression in tumors, its biological functions, molecular mechanisms, and the utility of DLEU2 as an effective diagnostic and prognostic marker of tumors. This study aimed to provide a potential direction for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of tumors using lncRNA-DLEU2 as a biomarker and therapeutic target.

Background. This study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and to identify the potential and easily accessible prognostic biomarkers for CRC. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed altogether the records of 330 CRC patients according to inclusion criteria. The clinical characteristics include age at diagnosis, body mass index (BMI), preoperative CEA level, neutrophil , lymphocyte, and platelet count, tumor primary site and size, clinical pathological TNM stage, and survival status were recorded through the review of medical records. The overall survival (OS) was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for the univariate and multivariate analysis to evaluate the prognostic factors of CRC. Results. A total of 330 patients were finally included in the current study. The mean follow-up duration was 32.8 ± 19.1 months (range, 0.1–67.7). Compared with the median OS, preoperative high NLR, PLR, and CEA, and low BMI had lower median OS. The NLR and PLR value rise indicates lower median OS in stage I-II CRC; however, the NLR value and CEA level rise indicates lower median OS in stage III-IV CRC. Preoperative high NLR, PLR, and CEA level and low BMI have poorer OS by univariate analysis. By multivariate analysis, the age, sex, N, M stage, and BMI demonstrated independently influence the OS of CRC. NLR was an independent predictor of stage I-II CRC, and the CEA level was an independent predictor of stage III-IV CRC. Conclusions. Our results show that preoperative high NLR, PLR, CEA, and low BMI had poorer OS, NLR was an independent predictor of stage I-II CRC, and the CEA level was an independent predictor of stage III-IV CRC.

BackgroundShoulder arthroscopic surgery is a common surgical method used in orthopedics. However, severe postoperative pain can significantly limit the early joint movement of patients and adversely affect the impact of the surgery. At present, there is no consistent and effective analgesic scheme for the management of postoperative pain after arthroscopic surgery of the shoulder.PurposeThe aim of this study was to search for the most effective analgesic scheme to control pain in the perioperative period of arthroscopic surgery of the shoulder.Study DesignNetwork meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched 5 different databases (i.e., Medline, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) from January 2011 to January 2021 for English literature. Thereafter, we sifted out randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which compared different intervention schemes for pain management after shoulder arthroscopy and selected only 12 h, 24 h, or 48 h after the patient leaves the operating room as an optimal period for administration of analgesic intervention schemes. Only patients with shoulder disease who have undergone arthroscopic shoulder surgery were included in this study. The Cochrane “risk of bias” was used for the quality assessment. Moreover, some additional tests were performed to enhance the credibility of the results.ResultsTwenty-nine RCTs involving 1,885 patients were included in this frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA). These articles mainly were divided into two distinct groups, namely, the nerve block group and the non-nerve block group. Regarding the nerve block group, at postoperative 12 h, the intervention suprascapular nerve block + interscalene nerve block (SSNB + INB) was ranked first, whereas INB + intra-articular injection (INB + IAI) was ranked first at 24 h and 48 h postoperation. In the non-nerve block group, external application (EA) was ranked first at postoperative 12 h, but oral administration (OA) exhibited a better analgesic effect at postoperative 24 h and postoperative 48 h.ConclusionWe conclude that the analgesic effect of SSNB+INB was the best at postoperative 12 h, and INB+IAI was the best at postoperative 24 h and 48 h in the nerve block group. For the non-nerve block group, the effect of EA was the best at postoperative 12 h, and the analgesic effect of OA at postoperative 24 h and 48 h was significantly better than any other interventions.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42021286777.

Atmospheric pollutants increase the risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) which has been widely reported. However, little is known about the relationships between air pollution and specific subsets of AIS, such as wake-up stroke (WUS) and non-wake-up stroke (non-WUS). This study aimed to explore the relationship between WUS and non-WUS and atmospheric pollutants. A total of 1432 patients (331 WUS patients and 1101 non-WUS patients) were admitted to a tertiary hospital from 2016 to 2019. A time-stratified case-crossover design and a conditional logistic regression model to study the associations of change in pollutant concentration with WUS and non-WUS events were constructed. Data analysis revealed that WUS-related risks increased 48 to 72 h after the increase in the PM

Transforming growth factor-β type III receptor (TβR3), as a co-receptor of TGF-β superfamily, plays critical roles in development and growth as well as some disease pathogeneses by presenting ligands to other receptors in vertebrates. However, the identification and functional characterization of TβR3 had not been reported yet in invertebrates. In the present study, TβR3 was first identified and characterized in mud crab Scylla paramamosain. The obtained cDNA length of SpTβR3 was 2, 424 bp with a 1, 854 bp open reading frame, which encoded a putative peptide of 617 amino acids containing a typical transmembrane region and a Zona pellucida (ZP) domain. Real-time PCR results showed that SpTβR3 was predominantly expressed at early embryonic development stage and early postmolt stage, suggesting its participation in development and growth. We report, for the first time in invertebrates, the challenge of both Vibro alginolyticus and Poly (I:C) could alter the expression patterns of SpTβR3. Notably, the expression levels of SpIKK, two NF-κB members (SpRelish and SpDorsal), and five antimicrobial peptide genes (SpCrustin and SpALF1-4) were significantly suppressed when SpTβR3 was interfered in vivo. Secondly, the overexpression of SpTβR3 in vitro could activate NF-κB signaling through the dual-luciferase reporter assays. Furthermore, the bacterial clearance assay after SpTβR3 was silenced in vivo highlighted the potential of SpTβR3 in activating the innate immune responses. These results implied the involvement of SpTβR3 in the innate immune responses by regulating the NF-κB pathway. This study first indicated that TβR3 was present in invertebrate, and it participated in not only the development and growth but also the innate immunity of S. paramamosain. It also provided new insights into the origin or evolution of TGF-β receptors in crustacean species and even in invertebrates.

As the demand for metal minerals grows, the number of mine tailings increases dramatically worldwide. Toxic heavy metals (HMs) in tailings tend to migrate into the environment and cause serious damage to the surroundings. Possible eco-friendly solutions for the in situ stabilization of HMs in tailing ponds are required to reduce their mobility. Leaching tests were performed with attapulgite, zeolite, and bentonite to determine which stabilizer is more efficient. As a result, attapulgite has more significant effect with certain dose on metal mine tailings than zeolite or bentonite, especially in a strongly acidic environment. In addition, an in situ stabilization experiment was performed by adding a stabilizer to a lead-zinc mine tailing pond with high-pressure rotary jet technology. The field experiment indicated that the concentrations of HMs in the leachate substantially decreased (30.5% for Cr, 43.1% for Cu, 87.8% for Zn, 82.9% for Cd, and 42.4% for Pb) after the HMs were stabilized by high-pressure rotary jet technology. A set of parameters for the rotary jet process was obtained when the in situ stabilization experiment was carried out.

In karst rocky desertification areas, bryophytes coexist with algae, bacteria, and fungi on exposed calcareous rocks to form a bryophyte crust, which plays an irreplaceable role in the restoration of karst degraded ecosystems. We investigated the biodiversity of crust bryophytes in karst rocky desertification areas from Guizhou Province, China. A total of 145 species in 22 families and 56 genera were identified. According to frequency and coverage, seven candidate dominant mosses were screened out, and five drought-resistant indexes of them were measured. Hypnum leptothallum, Racopilum cuspidigerum, and Hyophila involuta have high drought adaptability. We explored the interactions between two dominant mosses (H. leptothallum, H. involuta) and the structure of microbial communities in three karst rocky desertification types. Microbial diversity and function analysis showed that both moss species and karst rocky desertification types affect microbial communities. Moss species much more strongly affected the diversity and changed the community composition of these microbial groups. Bacteria were more sensitive in the microbiome as their communities changed strongly between mosses and drought resistance factors. Moreover, several species of fungi and bacteria could be significantly associated with three drought-resistant indexes: Pro (free proline content), SOD (superoxide dismutase activity), and POD (peroxidase activity), which were closely related to the drought adaptability of mosses. Our results enforced the potential role of moss-associated microbes that are important components involved in the related biological processes when bryophytes adapted to arid habitats, or as one kind of promoters in the distribution pattern of early mosses succession in karst rocky desertification areas.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute hypoxic respiratory insufficiency or failure caused by various factors inside and outside the lungs. ALI is associated with high morbidity and a poor prognosis in hospitalized patients. The lungs serve as a reservoir for platelet precursor megakaryocytes and are closely associated with platelets. Platelets not only play a central role in hemostasis, coagulation and wound healing, but can also act as inflammatory cells capable of stimulating non-hemostatic immune functions under inflammatory conditions, participating in the progression of various inflammatory diseases, and can result in tissue damage. Therefore, it was speculated that platelets may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ALI. In this review, the latest research progress on secretion of bioactive mediators from platelets, platelet activation-related signaling pathways, and the direct contact reactions between platelets and neutrophils with endothelial cells that result in ALI are described, providing evidence to support the importance of the consideration of platelets in the search for ALI interventional targets.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in promoting or suppressing methylmercury (MeHg) production in wetlands. However, the effects of DOM spectral characteristics on MeHg levels remain poorly understood in boreal peatlands in Northeast China, where is undergoing remarkable climate warming. In the present work, soil samples were collected from 22 peatlands in the Greater Khingan Mountains (GKM) to test the hypothesis that DOM spectral properties control MeHg levels. DOM was characterized by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy; the three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) was used to unveil the origin of DOM. The average total mercury (THg) and MeHg contents were 112.76 µg/kg and 12.43 µg/kg across all peatlands, respectively. There was a significantly positive correlation between MeHg and the longitude spanning the range from 120 to 123°E (p 0.05). Proportions of MeHg to THg (%MeHg), 12.3% on average, were positively correlated with DOM humification degree at p 0.05 level. Protein-like components of DOM (P-like) were negatively related to %MeHg. DOM had positive effects on THg, and P-like components, HIX and BIX can negatively affect THg as well as MeHg. Our findings demonstrate that the spectral characteristics of DOM in soil are crucial to the content of methyl mercury in the GKM soil.

Soil macroinvertebrates as ecosystem engineers play significant, but largely ignored, roles in affecting mercury (Hg) cycle by altering soil physical-chemical properties. Ant is likely expanded into boreal mires with climate warming, however, its impacts on Hg cycle remained poorly understood. We compared total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) contents in soils from antmounds (Lasius flavus) and the nearby ambient in a boreal mire in Northeast China. The present work seeks to unravel factors that controlling MeHg levels in case of ant appearance or absence. The average THg was 179 µg/kg in the ant mound and was 106.1 µg/kg in nearby soils, respectively. The average MeHg was 10.9 µg/kg in the ant mound and was 12.9 µg/kg in nearby soils, respectively. The ratios of MeHg to THg (%MeHg) were 7.61% in ant mounds and 16.75% in nearby soils, respectively. Ant colonization caused THg enrichment and MeHg depletion, and this change was obvious in the 10-20 cm depth soil layer where ants mainly inhabited. Spectrometry characteristics of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) exert a stronger control than microorganisms on MeHg variation in soils. A structural equation model revealed that the molecular weight of DOM inhibited MeHg irrespective of ant presence or absence, while humification conducive to MeHg significantly in ant mound soils. Microorganisms mainly affected Hg methylation by altering the molecular weight and humification of DOM. We propose that the effects of ant colonization on MeHg rested on DOM feature variations caused by microorganisms in boreal mires.

In recent years, subacute care units (SCUs) have emerged as alternatives to acute hospitalization for selected emergency department (ED) patients who might benefit from a short period of inpatient stay within a less acute setting. We developed a new protocol to directly admit selected older patients from our acute hospital's (AH) ED to the SCU of a partner community hospital, making use of our ED's short-stay ward as a transit area to overcome administrative, financial, and clinical barriers. The new protocol has removed the need for intervening stays of longer than 24 hours at our AH, reduced overall length of stay across both institutions, decreased hospital admissions, and reduced the number of patient hand-offs.

Rapid and quantitative detection of paraquat is crucial because of its high toxicity. Here, we developed an ultrasensitive time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatographic assay (TRFICA) strip based on our synthesized variable domain of heavy chain antibody (VHH, also called Nanobody) for paraquat detection. Briefly, the specific immunogen selected from six designed antigens was employed to immunize alpaca, and a high-efficiency capacity of 1.6 × 10

Melioidosis and leptospirosis, caused by two different bacteria, Burkholderia pseudomallei and Leptospira spp., are potentially fatal infections that share a very similar spectrum of clinical features and cause significant mortality and morbidity in humans and livestock. Early detection is important for better clinical consequences. To our knowledge, there is no diagnostic tool available to simultaneously detect and differentiate melioidosis and leptospirosis in humans and animals. In this study, we described a duplex TaqMan probe-based qPCR for the detection of B. pseudomallei and Leptospira spp. DNA. The performance of the assay was evaluated on 20 B. pseudomallei isolates, 23 Leptospira strains, and 39 other microorganisms, as well as two sets of serially diluted reference strains. The duplex qPCR assay was able to detect 0.02 pg (~ 4 copies) Leptospira spp. DNA and 0.2 pg (~ 25.6 copies) B. pseudomallei DNA. No undesired amplification was observed in other microorganisms. In conclusion, the duplex qPCR assay was sensitive and specific for the detection of B. pseudomallei & Leptospira spp. DNA and is suitable for further analytical and clinical evaluation.

This meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic efficiency of blood-based septin 9 (SEPT9) methylation assay for the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). Studies were searched in the Springer, Wiley, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Ovid, Embase, Web of Science, China BioMedicine, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases until July 2017. Methodological quality assessment was performed based on the guidelines of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. According to 1/3 and 2/3 algorithms, the meta-analyses for the diagnostic effect of SEPT9 in CRC were compared with healthy subjects and subjects with polyps, adenoma, and non-CRC, respectively. The random effects model was applied and publication bias was evaluated. The included 29 studies comprised 10,486 subjects (3202 patients with CRC and 7284 controls). In comparison with healthy subjects, the pooled sensitivity with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of SEPT9 methylation for the diagnosis of CRC was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.61-0.84) in the 1/3 algorithm group, whereas the specificity was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.95-0.97) in the 2/3 algorithm group. Additionally, positive likelihood ratio was less than 10 and negative likelihood ratio more than 0.1 in the 2/3 algorithm group for patients with CRC vs. polyps and adenoma. The P value of Deeks' funnel plot was 0.36, suggesting that there was no publication bias. SEPT9 methylation can be used to diagnose CRC in healthy individuals under the 2/3 algorithm. The determination of SEPT9 methylation does not distinguish well between CRC and polyps or adenoma.

Acquired aplastic anemia (AA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell destruction in bone marrow. The non-classic human leukocyte class I antigen (HLA-) G interacts with multiple cell subsets, such as T cells and B cells. HLA-G exerts powerful immune suppression by binding with its receptors, immunoglobulin-like transcripts (ILTs). Here, we compared 46 AA patients and 28 healthy controls. Soluble HLA-G levels in bone marrow supernatants from AA patients were higher than controls. The proportion of bone marrow B cells was decreased and the ILT2-expressing cells among CD19

Urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) are important targets for the development of uric acid-lowering drugs. We previously showed that the flexible linkers of URAT1 inhibitors could enhance their potency. In this study we designed and synthesized CDER167, a novel RDEA3710 analogue, by introducing a linker (methylene) between the naphthalene and pyridine rings to increase flexibility, and characterized its pharmacological and pharmacokinetics properties in vitro and in vivo. We showed that CDER167 exerted dual-target inhibitory effects on both URAT1 and GLUT9: CDER167 concentration-dependently inhibited the uptake of [

Blood loss and blood transfusion requirement are important quality control indicators of cardiovascular surgery and cardiovascular anesthesia. Patient blood management (PBM) is an evidence-based, multidisciplinary approach to optimizing the care of patients who may need transfusion, which encompasses anemia management, hemodilution, cell salvage, hemostatic treatment, and other approaches to reducing bleeding and minimizing blood transfusion. PBM in cardiovascular surgery is a "team sport" that involves cardiac and vascular surgeons, anesthesiologists, perfusionist, intensivists, and other health care providers. The current work provides an overview of evidence and practice of PBM at Fuwai Hospital. Implementation of PBM should also take local resource availability and cost-effectiveness of different devices, drugs, technologies, and techniques into consideration.

Variations in the POU Class 3 Homeobox 4 ( POU3F4) gene are associated with X-linked mixed deafness. Here, the identification of a novel variant of POU3F4 in a male paediatric patient (the proband) with incomplete partition type III (IP-III) hearing impairment, is described. Clinical data were collected from the proband and his biological parents. Whole exome sequencing of the proband revealed a novel frameshift insertion mutation in POU3F4 (c.717_718ins GTGCCTTGCAG : p.Leu240Valfs*5) in a hemizygous state. This variant likely truncates the protein within the POU-specific domain, and the proband’s biological mother was found to be a carrier of this variant. After excluding all contraindications, the proband underwent cochlear implantation in the right ear in June 2020. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) gushing was observed during surgery, but there were no postoperative complications, such as CSF leak, meningitis, or facial nerve stimulation. A novel pathogenic frameshift variant of POU3F4 was identified, enriching the known mutation spectrum of POU3F4. Effective perioperative prevention and response measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of CSF gushing and meningitis in patients receiving IP-III cochlear implantation.

Thiamethoxam (TMX) is one of the major compounds of neonicotinoids, the most widely used class of insecticides worldwide. Previously, TMX was considered a non-toxic neonicotinoid insecticide to mammals. However, the genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity of TMX in mammals were recently reported. Thus far, the effects of TMX on the mouse liver and its detailed mechanism remain unclear. NNMT, strongly expressed in the liver, plays a critical role in body energy expenditure. To confirm the potential pathogenesis of liver dysfunction induced by TMX, ICR mice were exposed to TMX at a dose of 4 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg by gavage administration for 12 weeks. The data showed that chronic TMX exposure caused dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice. Moreover, aggravated oxidative stress, dysfunction, and disorganized structure were also observed in TMX-treated mouse livers. In addition, increases of PPARγ, fatty acid synthase, and NNMT expression, as well as decreases of PPARα and GNMT expression, S-adenosylmethionine deficiency, and methionine metabolism disorder were also observed in TMX-treated mouse livers. These results suggest that chronic TMX exposure induces dyslipidemia and NAFLD in mice. Moreover, inhibition of NNMT in hepatocytes significantly reversed the effects of TMX. The molecular mechanism of TMX-induced NAFLD is mostly through NNMT-mediated methionine metabolism and methyl donor balance, which ultimately regulates PPARα signaling pathway. Inhibition of NNMT could be a potentially novel strategy for blocking the progression of NAFLD induced by TMX.

Gut microbiota plays a central part in the regulation of multiple host metabolic pathways, such as homeostasis, immunostasis, mucosa permeability, and even brain development. Though, slight known about the function of an individual gut bacterium in zebrafish. In this study, germ-free (GF) and conventionally reared (CV) zebrafish models utilized for studying the role of gut bacteria Vibrio sp. and Aeromonas sp. After the analysis of gut microbial profile in zebrafish male and female at three-month age, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria dominated the main composition of zebrafish intestinal microflora. However, the relative richness of them was different base on gender variance. Aeromonas sp. and Vibrio sp. belonging to Proteobacteria phylum of bacteria were isolated from zebrafish gut, and their potential capacities to trigger innate immunity were investigated. In gut microbiota absence, the expression levels of the innate immunity genes in the GF group were not significantly changed compared to the CV group. After exposure to Aeromonas sp. and Vibrio sp., the expression levels of myd88, TLRs-, and inflammation-related genes were increased in both GF and CV groups, except tlr2 and NLRs-related genes. However, the expression level of NF-κB and JNK/AP-1 pathway genes were all decreased after exposure to Aeromonas sp. and Vibrio sp. in both GF and CV groups. Interestingly, inflammation-related genes (tnfa, tnfb, and il1β) were activated in the CV group, and there were not significantly changed in the GF group, indicating that other bacteria were indispensable for Aeromonas sp. or Vibrio sp. to activate the inflammation response. Taken together, this is the first study of gut bacteria Vibrio sp. and Aeromonas sp. prompting the innate immune response using the GF and CV zebrafish model.

Hypoxia preconditioning protects Ca2+-ATPase activation of intestinal mucosal cells against R/I injury in a rat liver transplantation model

Quercetin, a natural antiglycative agent, was incorporated into steamed bread to produce a functional food that has high potential to lower the risk of diabetes. With the incorporation of quercetin at 1.20, 2.40, and 3.60%, the volume of steamed bread significantly decreased and the hardness of the crumb correspondingly increased with incremental quercetin content, while incorporation levels below 1.20% had no impact. Within this range of enrichment (1.2-3.6%), quercetin negatively affected the yeast activity with significantly less CO2 produced in dough during proofing. The wheat protein structure was altered by quercetin in terms of a higher level of β-sheets and a lower level of β-turns. The antioxidant capacity of the steamed bread with quercetin (0.05-0.2%) was significantly enhanced dose-dependently. A high inhibitory activity of quercetin-enriched steamed bread (0.05-0.2%) against fluorescent advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) via several different mechanisms was observed. The inhibition of total AGEs from 0.2% quercetin-enriched steamed bread was around 40% during in vitro protein glycation. Overall, the results support quercetin-enriched steamed bread to be a promising functional food with high antioxidant and antiglycation properties.

Objective Insulin resistance (IR) is a key defect in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); therefore, effective means of ameliorating IR are sought. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of 154 patients with T2DM and 39 with pre-diabetes (pre-DM). The effects of IR and a high concentration of FFA on gene expression were determined using microarray analysis and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in patients with T2DM or pre-DM. Results Serum FFA concentration and homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) were significantly higher in patients with T2DM but no obesity and in those with pre-DM than in controls. HOMA-IR was significantly associated with T2DM. RT-qPCR showed that the expression of FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog ( FOS) and AE binding protein 1 ( AEBP1) was much lower in the circulation of participants with obesity and diabetes. RT-qPCR showed that the expression of docking protein 1 ( DOK1) was significantly lower in the blood of participants with diabetes but no obesity and in those with pre-DM than in controls. Conclusions FFA and DOK1 are associated with IR in patients with T2DM but no obesity or pre-DM. The downregulation of DOK1 might inhibit lipid synthesis and induce lipolysis, inducing or worsening IR.

Acute myocardial infarction complicated by bleeding colon tumor is problematic with regard to management, and appropriate balance of antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy and hemostasis or surgery is crucial for effective treatment. Here, we present a case of concomitant acute myocardial infarction and bleeding tumor in the transverse colon, and share our experience of successfully balancing anticoagulation therapy and hemostasis.

The treatment of dermatophytosis has improved considerably over the past several decades following the introduction of the oral antifungals such as azoles and amphotericin B. However, these drugs have had limited success because the treated fungi often develop drug resistance, resulting in recurrence when applied in various topical formulations. Thus, there are constant needs for new topical agents that are effective against dermatophytosis. Dipyrithione is an attractive candidate to become an antifungal agent due to its broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. In this study, we determined that dipyrithione could potently inhibit the growth of Trichophyton rubrum, which is the most common cause of dermatophytosis. The MIC50 value of dipyrithione against T. rubrum was measured as 6.03 μM, as compared with miconazole (MIC50: 1.38 μM). Additionally, the compound caused morphological changes in the fungi, which was examined using the morphological interference assay. The in vivo experiment further revealed that dipyrithione had a healing effect on the skin of guinea pigs infected with T. rubrum. Our studies have demonstrated that dipyrithione had a potent antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that it could be formulated as a potential antifungal lead compound in search for novel therapeutic agents against dermatophytosis.

The Yangtze River drainage basins are China’s most important economic development zones and also the locations of several large-scale fluorine chemical industries. In order to reveal the contribution from the tributaries at the dividing point between the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River with respect to perfluorinated substances (PFASs), 17 PFAS compounds in surface water, groundwater, and tap water samples were analyzed in the tributary system of the Jiujiang section of the Yangtze River. The total concentrations of PFASs in the surface waters ranged from 7.8 to 586.2 ng/L. High proportion of short-chain compound PFBS in surface waters in Nanchang City, Poyang Lake, and the Yangtze River was observed which is likely of WWTPs’ origin.

The alligator weed flea beetle, Agasicles hygrophila Selman & Vogt (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) has been used very successfully for the biological control of the widely-distributed invasive weed Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae). In order to extend the 'shelf life' of natural enemies released in biological control programs, cold storage has proven to be a valuable commercial procedure. To determine a suitable low temperature for storage of A. hygrophila, we conducted short-term cold storage treatments of eggs (4°C for 0.5, 1, 2, 5 d, and 7.5, 10, 15°C for 5 d and a control of 25°C; all eggs were returned to 25°C after the treatments). We evaluated the effects of these treatments on the subsequent fitness of the populations based on a demographic analysis using group-reared age-stage two-sex life tables. For 5 d storage, temperatures below 10°C had lethal effects, which were also observed at 4°C for 2 d storage. Storage at 4°C for 0.5 d did not affect the fitness of A. hygrophila, but it did not prolong the developmental time. Storage at 10°C for 5 d significantly decreased rates of population increase compared with 25°C. A. hygrophila stored at 15°C for 5 d had similar age-(stage) specific survival rates, rates of population increase, increased longevity and reproductive capability to the controls at 25°C. It is concluded that there were no significant fitness costs after 5 d storage at 15°C, which is therefore potentially a suitable storage temperature for A. hygrophila eggs. © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America., National Natural Science Foundation of China, We sincerely thank Dr. Lingling Gao (CSIRO Plant Industry, Perth, Australia) for reviewing an early version of this manuscript and the staff in the Biosafety and Biocontrol Group, Shanxi Agricultural University at Taigu, Shanxi, China. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570436 and 31500304). Y.H.L. and R.Y.M. conceived and designed the experiments. Y.H.L., D.J., X.F.Y., and Y.X.W. performed the experiments. Y.H.L. and H.C. analyzed the data. Y.H.L., T.J.R-S., H.C., and R.Y.M. wrote the paper. We declare no competing financial interests.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of widespread and diverse endogenous RNAs, have been identified as critical regulators of various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the specific roles of circRNAs in HCC are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a novel circRNA, circ-IGF1R, in HCC tumour tissues and cell lines. Circ-IGF1R levels were found to be significantly upregulated in HCC tissues compared with levels in paired peritumoural tissues. The high expression levels of circ-IGF1R in HCC were associated with tumour size. Moreover, knocking down circ-IGF1R with siRNA significantly attenuated cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro. Further investigation revealed that PI3K/AKT signalling pathway activation was involved in the oncogenic functions of circ-IGF1R in HCC. Our study suggests that circ-IGF1R may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of HCC.

Multi-point forming process has been developed to shape the sheet metal with bidirectional curvature. However, the forming force usually climbs too high so that the dimension of the forming machine should be designed to meet it. To solve this problem, the multi-point incremental forming (MPIF) process was proposed in this paper. First, the principle of this new forming process was introduced. Then, the experimental device was designed. Next, the MPIF process was simulated by a finite element model. The forming effects including displacements, thickness, and curvatures were visualized and discussed in detail. It was found that there is no obvious thickness change during the forming process. The advantage of this forming process is that the shape of the sheet metals adaptable and controllable with small forming force.

Aiming at the problem that individual control of urban traffic lights and stable signal timing. This paper proposed a real timing control method of traffic lights which based on Kalman filter. This method use Kalman filter to predict the next time traffic flows and then update the signal timing. By field researching the traffic flow of intersection in peak hour and predicting the traffic flow. Then update the signal timing. Meanwhile using the VISSIM to simulate the intersection. The result of the simulation shows that the length of vehicle queue decreased significantly and the number of stops dropped. The efficiency of access has been greatly improved.

Deproteinized calf blood extractive was bioactive components, including natural amino acids, small peptides, glycolipids, nucleosides and carbohydrates, extracted from calf serum. The main pharmacological activities of deproteinized calf blood extractives contained several vital processes, such as enhancing the uptake and utilization of oxygen and glucose, boosting the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate, promoting the transport of nutrients, facilitating the tissue repair and regeneration. In this article, from the review of the researches on the clinical application of deproteinized calf blood extractives, we concluded that it was worth on clinical promotion.

At present the majority of association rule mining algorithm only uses support and confidence to evaluate association rules, association rules which may contain a large number of redundant, meaningless, Introducing the concepts of hyper-graph and system and exploring to construct the hyper-graph on the model of three-dimensional matrix. According to the characteristics of Big Data, the new hyper-edge definition method is adopted combining the concept of system, thus improving the processing capacity.

The SCARB1 gene encodes human scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), the primary receptor for high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- cholesteryl ester uptake, and polymorphisms in this gene may influence SR-BI protein expression and serum lipid levels, modulating susceptibility to coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebral infarction (CI). Therefore, we investigated the association between singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SCARB1 gene and serum lipid levels as well as risk of CHD and CI in the Chinese Han population. Genotypes in 295 CHD patients, 302 CI patients and 312 healthy controls matched for age and gender were determined by high-resolution melting (HRM). Among the 5 SNPs investigated in this study, rs10846744 and rs2278986 were significantly associated with CHD risk. The frequency of the C allele for rs10846744 and that of the T allele for rs2278986 appeared to be significantly increased in the CHD group (OR: 1.416, 95%CI: 1.128-1.778, P=0.0058 and OR: 1.681, 95%CI: 1.327-2.130, P

This paper builds a model of QT4 for WinCE 5.0 development platform based on Visual Studio 2008 environment. It offers the campus tour navigation interface which is designed by using Qt Creator tools and code, and implements the transplantation of application in GEC S5PV210 development board which is applied to the actual project successfully.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological tumor in which progress T helper (Th) subsets including Th22, Th17, and Th1 cells play a pivotal role. However, the role of T helper (Th) subsets in the immune pathogenesis of AML remains unclear. Here, we investigated frequencies of Th22, Th17, pure Th17, and Th1 cells in the peripheral blood (PB) of AML patients. We demonstrated that Th22, Th17, and pure Th17 in newly-diagnosed (ND) and non-complete remission (Non-CR) AML patients and plasma IL-22 in ND AML patients were significantly increased. Retinoid-related orphan receptor C (RORC) expression was significantly elevated in CR and Non-CR AML patients. However, Th1 in ND AML patients and IL-17 in ND, Non-CR or CR AML patients was significantly decreased compared with controls. Moreover, Th22 and IL-22 showed positive correlation with pure Th17, but Th22 showed negative correlation with Th1 in ND AML patients. RORC showed positive correlation with Th22 and approximately positive correlation with pure Th17 in Non-CR patients. PB blast cell showed positive correlation with Th22 and negative correlation with Th1 in ND AML patients. Our results indicate that Th22 and pure Th17 cells conjointly contribute to the pathogenesis of AML and might be promising novel clinical index for AML.

In this paper, through the analysis of the characteristics of particle swarm optimization algorithm, combined with the specific circumstances of Bayesian network structure learning, proposed to based on improved particle swarm algorithm.The algorithm uses the BIC measure function as a standard Bayesian network, while preserving the optimal particle case, the possibility of a mutation operation is added to decrease the algorithm into a local optimum. Through a typical Asia network, show that the algorithm is feasible, and other related algorithm is better than the experiment, the effectiveness of the algorithm. In this paper, the algorithm is verified from two aspects of theory and experiments, the results show that the algorithm is feasible.

Ion chromatography (IC) method was applied to detection of fluorine in the atmosphere calm wind conditions at the area around the yellow phosphorus enterprise. The results indicated that the recovery of standard addition of Fluroide is 96.7%~100.6%. It gives a linear response of chromatographic peak height with respect to the fluoride in the range of 1~25 μg/mL, and the coefficient correlations R value is 0.9994. The concentration of Fluorine in the surrounding of yellow phosphorus enterprise ranging from 100~1500 m varies from 0.641~0.070 mg/m3. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of this method is between 2.10%~0.50%. This method is sensitivity and selectivity, low disturbance, and it is considered as a promising method for the detection of Fluorine surrounded yellow phosphorus enterprise.

A number of tumor markers had been reported to be useful in detecting free cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity and predict peritoneal recurrence in gastric cancer patients. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical impact of different tumor markers in peritoneal lavage fluid using the real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique and to screen the most effective ones from them. The peritoneal lavage fluid of 116 patients with gastric cancer was sampled at laparotomy. After RNA extraction and reverse transcription, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using the primers and probes for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin-20, matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), carbohydrate antigen 125, and transforming growth factor-beta-1. Among the 116 patients, 45 (38.8%) were confirmed to have peritoneal recurrence. Any of the PCR-positive results of the five tumor markers could predict peritoneal recurrence in the univariate analysis (P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the PCR results of CEA (P = 0.003) and MMP-7 (P = 0.028) were found to be independent prognostic factors. A real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the CEA and MMP-7 transcripts in peritoneal lavage fluid could effectively predict peritoneal recurrence in advanced gastric cancer patients who underwent a potentially curative resection.

Background Immune regulation is important for the pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Th22 cells are recently-identified CD4 + T cells that implicated in the pathogenesis of many hematological diseases, such as AML. However, the role of Th22 cells in the pathophysiology of T-ALL remains unclear. We examined the Th22, Th17 and Th1 cell frequencies in peripheral blood of T-ALL patients. Methods We studied 24 newly-diagnosed (ND), 17 morphologic complete remission (CR) T-ALL patients and 30 healthy controls. Th subsets were examined by flow cytometry. Plasma IL-22 and IL-17 concentrations were measured by ELISA. Transcription factor RORC , T - bet and AHR mRNA expressions were examined by RT-PCR. Results Th22, Th17 frequencies, plasma IL-22 concentration and AHR expression were significantly increased in ND or CR T-ALL patients compared with controls. Moreover, Th22 showed positive correlation with Th17 or Th1 cells in T-ALL patients. However, a significant decrease of IL-17 concentration, Th1 frequency and T - bet expression was found in ND or CR ALL patients compared with controls. Furthermore, Th17 cells showed positive correlation but Th1 cells showed negative correlation with white blood cell counts. Conclusion The profile of Th subsets was distinct for T-ALL patients and showed some correlations with clinical index, which suggest that these Th subsets may be implicated in the pathogenesis of T-ALL and be reasonable targets for therapeutic intervention.

Ball type joint is one of key component of automotive drive shaft, which is used in a front drive transmission vehicle for transmitting rotary movement from the gearbox output shaft to the wheels with a constant velocity. It has been found that the ball type joint is usually failure caused by abrasive wear. This paper is dedicated to analyze the abrasive wear by theoretical investigation on the relatively slipping velocity of each component of the ball joint, as well as the experimental approach. The results show that the grading of abrasive wear of the components is largely depended on the relatively slipping velocity.

An automotive drive shaft is used in a front drive transmission vehicle for transmitting rotary movement from the gearbox output shaft to the wheels with a constant velocity. The kinematics model of ball joint and tripod joint has been studied without consideration of clearance. This paper will propose a new model with consideration of the clearances on ball joint and tripod joint. The simulation results are given by using this model. The conclusions are made as well as the future work.

In this paper, a seventh-order elliptic low-pass active-RC filter with three finite transmission zeros is designed for the baseband filter of a 433MHz wireless communication terminal. While designing, the canonical signal flow graph (SFG) method is applied based on component-level simulation of LC ladder prototype circuit. The simulation and measurement results show that the filter satisfied the design specifications.

Energy consuming condition of thermal power unit is reflected by its historical operation data, but the amount of data and the number of energy consumption indices are large. And there are complex and strong correlations among them. These make it difficult to assess the energy consuming condition of unit. This paper proposes a model and method based on improved Principal Component Analysis(PCA) assessing the energy consuming condition of unit. Those assessment problems are solved well by the application of feature extraction and dimensions reducing functions of improved PCA. Meanwhile, traditional assessments’ drawbacks-subjectivity and uncertainty are avoided because the weights of components are determined completely according to the data. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model are demonstrated with a case study involving energy consumption condition analysis of a 600MW unit in China.

Buddhist architecture which was introduced to China from India had become an important component of traditional Chinese architecture, and the characteristics of different regions had formed after the long-term development. This article starts from Shanxi’s location environment, analyzes the considerations of geographical environment of Shanxi temple construction’s site selection and the historical regularity of their distributioncombining with the site selection factors of traditional Chinese architecture. Thus, the general rules of site selection of Shanxi temples and its particularity of distribution are revealed preliminarily from the viewpoint of space and time.

Titanium alloys, as difficult-to-cut materials, have poor machinability due to their superior mechanical properties, heat resistance and corrosion resistance. High cutting temperature and great cutting force that will greatly accelerate tool wear often occurs in titanium alloys cutting process. In this paper, an ultrasonic vibration turning method was used to lower diamond tool wear during TC4 titanium alloy turning process. Ultrasonic vibration turning tests were carried out with various cutting parameters. Experimental results indicated that there’s a significant reduction of the wear rate of diamond tools by means of ultrasonic vibration in TC4 turning process. For ultrasonic vibration turning, spindle speed, the amplitude and frequency of vibration of the tool are the greatest impact of tool wear, followed by feed rate, then the cutting depth.

Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a form of cancer characterized by infiltration of the bone marrow, blood, and other tissues by proliferative, clonal, abnormally differentiated cells of the hematopoietic system. Chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and its receptor CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4) play crucial roles in malignant cell invasion. Genetic polymorphisms may contribute to the differences in the expression level and activities associated with the SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway. This study aimed to determine the associations between the polymorphisms located on the SDF-1 (rs1801157, G > A) and CXCR4 (rs2228014, C > T) encoding genes and susceptibility and leukemia cell dissemination in AML. Methods A total of 926 individuals, including 466 de novo AML patients and 460 healthy controls were genotyped for rs1801157 and rs2228014 using DNA Sanger sequencing. Results Genotype distributions of CT and CT + TT for rs2228014 were significantly increased in AML patients compared with healthy controls [OR: 1.36, p = 0.04; OR: 1.34, p = 0.04; respectively]. However, rs1801157 demonstrated no significant differences in genotype distributions and allele frequency between AML patients and healthy controls. For the two combined SNPs, there was no significant proportional difference between the wild type GG-CC genotypes and non-GG-CC genotypes in AML patients and healthy controls. Additionally, peripheral blood leukemia-cell (PBLC) count was not statistically influenced by the genotypes of either rs1801157 or rs2228014. Conclusion Genotype CT of rs2228014 appeared to correlate with AML risk, but played no role in leukemia cells invading the bloodstream, while rs1801157 and the two combined SNPs were not associated with either increased AML risk or extramedullary leukemia-cell dissemination.