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This study aims to examine the environmental dynamics in the Union for Mediterranean (UFM) countries by considering education, urbanization, green innovation, and other key factors for the period 2001–2016. The data are divided based on the income level of UFM countries and analyzed with panel quantile regression, panel unit root tests, panel co-integration test, ordinary least squares method, and fixed effects model to evaluate the nexus between variables. A generalized method of moments (GMM) is employed to deal with the endogeneity issue in the panel data. The results of the study confirm that the urban population has an inverted U-shaped association with environmental degradation in the lower-middle and high-middle income countries. It further comes out that increased education levels decrease environmental degradation in the high-income countries. Hence, green innovation reduces environmental degradation in the upper-middle-income and high-middle-income countries. The study validates an inverted U-shaped relationship between GDP and environmental degradation in all income-based groups of countries, which supports the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of global warming is becoming more prominent with passage of time, prompting authorities to take action against it. In this context, first, this study focuses on studying the role of the board sustainable committee for corporate social responsibility. Second, this study considers the importance of gender diversity for corporate social responsibility as a moderating factor between board sustainable committee and corporate social responsibility. Third, this study highlights the significance of ownership concentration for improving the corporate social responsibility. Lastly, this study uses the role of ownership concentration as a moderating factor in the association between board sustainable committees and corporate social responsibility. This study uses panel data of 297 Chinese manufacturing firms (2970 observations) for the period 2010–2019, and employs different dynamic panel regression models and robustness test. This study concludes following: first, the board sustainable committee has significance for improving the corporate social responsibility. Second, gender diversity helps to improve the corporate social responsibility. Third, gender diversity helps to enhance the linkage between the board sustainable committee and corporate social responsibility. Fourth, ownership concentration positively affects corporate social responsibility. Fifth, ownership concentration is beneficial to the board sustainable committee and corporate social responsibility. These findings contribute to the literature by providing guidance to the policymakers and regulatory organizations for achieving the sustainable development. • The improvement of CSR via board sustainable committee with effect ofgender diversity and ownership concentration. • This study uses fixed effect, generalized method of moment, and the feasible generalized least square. • Board sustainable committee, gender diversity, and ownership concentration found to be beneficial for CSR. • Gender diversity and ownership concentration positively moderates the connection amid BSC and CSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]