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Objective: To investigate the possible association between AT1R gene polymorphisms and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in hypertension patients combined with or without coronary artery disease (CAD) in Xinjiang. Methods: 374 CAD patients and 341 non-CAD individuals were enrolled as study participants and all of them have a hypertension diagnosis. AT1R gene polymorphisms were genotyped by SNPscan™ typing assays. During the follow-up in the clinic or by telephone interview, MACCEs were recorded. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox survival analyses were used to explore the association between AT1R gene polymorphisms and the occurrence of MACCEs. Results: AT1R gene rs389566 was associated with MACCEs. The TT genotype of the AT1R gene rs389566 had a significantly higher probability of MACCEs than the AA + AT genotype (75.2% vs. 24.8%, P = 0.033). Older age (OR = 1.028, 95% CI: 1.009–1.0047, P = 0.003) and TT genotype of rs389566 (OR = 1.770, 95% CI: 1.148–2.729, P = 0.01) were risk factors of MACCEs. AT1R gene rs389566 TT genotype may be a predisposing factor for the occurrence of MACCEs in hypertensive patients. Conclusion: We should also pay more attention to the prevent of MACCEs in hypertension patients combined with CAD. Especially those elderly hypertensive patients carrying AT1R rs389566 TT genotype requires avoidance of unhealthy lifestyle, better management of blood pressure control and reduce the occurrence of MACCEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: CCN1 plays a crucial role in the modulation of cardiovascular diseases. However, whether CCN1 genetic variants are involved in the susceptibility of ACS remains unknown. Hence, the present study investigates the association between CCN1 polymorphisms and ACS among Han and Uygur populations in Xinjiang, China. Results: In this case-control study, 1234 Han (547 ACS patients and 687 controls) and 932 Uygur (471 ACS patients and 461 controls) were genotyped using SNPscanTM for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs6576776, rs954353, and rs3753794) of the human CCN1 gene. In the Uygur population, we found that the detected frequencies of the C allele (25.3% vs. 18.3%, P<0.001) and CC genotype (6.4% vs. 3.0%, P=0.001) of rs6576776 were significantly higher in the ACS patients than in the control participants. Differences in rs6576776 regarding the dominant model (CC+CG vs. GG, 44.2% vs. 55.8%, P=0.001) and the recessive model (CC vs. CG+GG, 6.4% vs. 93.6%, P=0.016) were observed between the two groups. The frequencies of the GGC and AGC haplotypes in those with ACS were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05) in the Uygur population. After adjusting for hypertension, diabetes, lipids and smoking, all of which indicate that the rs6576776 C allele is associated with higher risk of ACS (odds ratio (OR)=1.798, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.218-2.656, P=0.003). In Han population, neither the distribution of genotypes and alleles of the CCN1 gene three SNPs nor the distribution of haplotypes constructed with the three SNPs exhibited a significant difference between the ACS patients and control participants. Conclusions: Our study document that the CCN1 gene rs6576776 C allele is associated with higher susceptibility of ACS and that the frequencies of GGC and AGC haplotypes are higher among the Uygur ACS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been recognized as a major player in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This study determined the association between polymorphisms of MIF gene and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The polymorphism of MIF gene (rs755622, rs1007888 and rs2096525) was analyzed in 1153 healthy controls and 699 ACS cases in Chinese Han population. Plasma MIF level was also measured in part of ACS patients (139/19.9%) and healthy controls (129/11.2%) randomly. Most participants including healthy controls and ACS patients carried rs755622 GG (63.1% vs. 56.7%) and CG genotypes (33.1% vs. 38.9%) and G allele of rs755622 (79.6% vs. 76.1%, respectively), while CC genotype (3.8% vs. 4.4%) and C allele (20.4% vs. 23.9%) carriers were the lowest. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that carriers with rs755622 C allele had a higher risk of ACS compared to other genotypes (AOR = 1.278, 95% CI: 1.042–1.567). In addition, CC genotype carriers had the highest plasma levels of MIF than other genotype carriers. The MIF level in ACS patients with CC genotype was significantly higher than ACS patients carrying GG genotype and healthy controls carrying 3 different genotypes of MIF gene rs755622. Our findings indicate that MIF gene rs755622 variant C allele is associated with increased risk of ACS. Identification of this MIF gene polymorphism may help for predicting the risk of ACS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]