14 results on '"Bernal, Rafael"'
Search Results
2. Enteric protists in wild western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) and humans in Comoé National Park, Côte d'Ivoire
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Köster, Pamela C., Lapuente, Juan, Dashti, Alejandro, Bailo, Begoña, Muadica, Aly S., González-Barrio, David, Calero-Bernal, Rafael, Ponce-Gordo, Francisco, and Carmena, David
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- 2022
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3. Occurrence and limited zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Balantioides coli infections in free-ranging and farmed wild ungulates in Spain
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Dashti, Alejandro, Köster, Pamela C., Bailo, Begoña, de las Matas, Ana Sánchez, Habela, Miguel Ángel, Rivero-Juarez, Antonio, Vicente, Joaquín, Serrano, Emmanuel, Arnal, Maria C., de Luco, Daniel Fernández, Morrondo, Patrocinio, Armenteros, José A., Balseiro, Ana, Cardona, Guillermo A., Martínez-Carrasco, Carlos, Ortiz, José Antonio, Carpio, Antonio José, Calero-Bernal, Rafael, González-Barrio, David, Carmena, David, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Council of Barcelona, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Eusko Jaurlaritza, Principado de Asturias, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, and Balseiro Morales, Ana María
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Genotyping ,Occurrence ,General Veterinary ,Enteric protozoan parasites ,Molecular diversity ,Zoonoses ,Disease transmission ,Wildlife - Abstract
9 páginas, 1 figura, 4 tablas., Little information is currently available on the occurrence and molecular diversity of the enteric protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Balantioides coli in wild ungulates and the role of these host species as potential sources of environmental contamination and consequent human infections. The presence of these three pathogens was investigated in eight wild ungulate species present in Spain (genera Ammotragus, Capra, Capreolus, Cervus, Dama, Ovis, Rupicapra, and Sus) by molecular methods. Faecal samples were retrospectively collected from free-ranging (n = 1058) and farmed (n = 324) wild ungulates from the five Spanish bioregions. Overall infection rates were 3.0% (42/1382; 95% CI: 2.1–3.9%) for Cryptosporidium spp., 5.4% (74/1382; 95% CI: 4.2–6.5%) for G. duodenalis, and 0.7% (9/1382; 95% CI: 0.3–1.2%) for B. coli. Cryptosporidium infection was detected in roe deer (7.5%), wild boar (7.0%) and red deer (1.5%), and G. duodenalis in southern chamois (12.9%), mouflon (10.0%), Iberian wild goat (9.0%), roe deer (7.5%), wild boar (5.6%), fallow deer (5.2%) and red deer (3.8%). Balantioides coli was only detected in wild boar (2.5%, 9/359). Sequence analyses revealed the presence of six distinct Cryptosporidium species: C. ryanae in red deer, roe deer, and wild boar; C. parvum in red deer and wild boar; C. ubiquitum in roe deer; C. scrofarum in wild boar; C. canis in roe deer; and C. suis in red deer. Zoonotic assemblages A and B were detected in wild boar and red deer, respectively. Ungulateadapted assemblage E was identified in mouflon, red deer, and southern chamois. Attempts to genotype samples positive for B. coli failed. Sporadic infections by canine- or swine-adapted species may be indicative of potential cross-species transmission, although spurious infections cannot be ruled out. Molecular evidence gathered is consistent with parasite mild infections and limited environmental contamination with (oo)cysts. Free-ranging wild ungulate species would not presumably play a significant role as source of human infections by these pathogens. Wild ruminants do not seem to be susceptible hosts for B. coli., This study was funded by Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, under project PI19CIII/ 00029. Sample collection in Catalonia was supported by the Council of Barcelona through contracts 13/051, 15/0174, 16/0243 and 16/0243- 00-PR/01, from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under research grants CGL2012- 40043-C02-01, CGL2012-40043-C02- 02, and from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under research grant CGL2016-80543-P PID2020-115046GB-I00. Sampling in the Basque Country was conducted by members of the Association for the Defence of the Game Natural Heritage of the Basque Country (ARTIO). We thank the Direccion ´ General del Medio Natural y Planificacion ´ Rural del Principado de Asturias (Oviedo, Spain). Antonio Rivero-Juarez ´ is the recipient of a Miguel Servet Research Contract by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Promocion ´ y Universidades of Spain (CP18/ 00111). David Gonz´ alez-Barrio is the recipient of a Sara Borrell Research Contract funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (CD19CIII/00011). AJC is supported by ‘Juan de la Cierva’ contract (IJC2020-042629-I) funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union Next Generation EU/ PRTR. Alejandro Dashti is the recipient of a PFIS contract (FI20CIII/ 00002) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and Universities. Emmanuel Serrano was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) through a Ramon y Cajal contract (RYC-2016-2020). The funders did not play any role in the design, conclusions, or interpretation of the study.
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- 2023
4. Occurrence and genetic diversity of Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Microsporidia) in owned and sheltered dogs and cats in Northern Spain
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Dashti, Alejandro, Santín, Mónica, Cano, Lourdes, de Lucio, Aida, Bailo, Begoña, de Mingo, Marta Hernández, Köster, Pamela C., Fernández-Basterra, José A., Aramburu-Aguirre, Juan, López-Molina, Nuria, Fernández-Crespo, Juan C., Calero-Bernal, Rafael, and Carmena, David
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- 2019
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5. Isolation and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Spanish sheep flocks
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Fernández-Escobar, Mercedes, Calero-Bernal, Rafael, Benavides, Julio, Regidor-Cerrillo, Javier, Guerrero-Molina, María Cristina, Gutiérrez-Expósito, Daniel, Collantes-Fernández, Esther, and Ortega-Mora, Luis Miguel
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- 2020
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6. Characterization of an outbreak of emerging bovine besnoitiosis in southwestern Spain
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Nieto-Rodríguez, Juan Miguel, Calero-Bernal, Rafael, Álvarez-García, Gema, Gutiérrez-Expósito, Daniel, Redondo-García, Eloy, Fernández-García, José Luis, and Martínez-Estéllez, Miguel Ángel Habela
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- 2016
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7. Molecular Detection and Characterization of Intestinal and Blood Parasites in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Senegal
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Köster, Pamela Carolina, Renelies-Hamilton, Justinn, Dotras, Laia, Llana, Manuel, Vinagre-Izquierdo, Celia, Prakas, Petras, Sneideris, Donatas, Dashti, Alejandro, Bailo-Barroso, Begoña, Lanza-Suarez, Marta, Jiménez-Mejías, Alejandra, Muñoz García, Carlota, Muadica, Aly Salimo, González-Barrio, David, Rubio Muñoz, Jose Miguel, Fuentes Corripio, Isabel de, Ponce-Gordo, Francisco, Calero-Bernal, Rafael, Carmena, David, Bailo-Barroso, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III
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Genotyping ,Epidemiology ,Veterinary medicine ,Zoology ,Plasmodium malariae ,Conservation ,Article ,Entamoeba histolytica ,Zoonoses ,SF600-1100 ,parasitic diseases ,Mansonella perstans ,Enterocytozoon bieneusi ,Non-human primates ,protists ,Blastocystis ,General Veterinary ,biology ,seasonality ,Endangered ,fungi ,conservation ,Protists ,Seasonality ,endangered ,biology.organism_classification ,Non‐human primates ,zoonoses ,Nematode ,PCR ,QL1-991 ,genotyping ,Sarcocystis ,Animal Science and Zoology ,epidemiology ,non-human primates ,Cryptosporidium hominis - Abstract
Wild chimpanzee populations in West Africa (Pan troglodytes verus) have dramatically decreased as a direct consequence of anthropogenic activities and infectious diseases. Little information is currently available on the epidemiology, pathogenic significance, and zoonotic potential of protist species in wild chimpanzees. This study investigates the occurrence and genetic diversity of intestinal and blood protists as well as filariae in faecal samples (n = 234) from wild chimpanzees in the Dindefelo Community Nature Reserve, Senegal. PCR-based results revealed the presence of intestinal potential pathogens (Sarcocystis spp.: 11.5%, Giardia duodenalis: 2.1%, Cryptosporidium hominis: 0.9%), protist of uncertain pathogenicity (Blastocystis sp.: 5.6%), and commensal species (Entamoeba dispar: 18.4%, Troglodytella abrassarti: 5.6%). Entamoeba histolytica, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Balantioides coli were undetected. Blood protists including Plasmodium malariae (0.4%), Trypanosoma brucei (1.3%), and Mansonella perstans (9.8%) were also identified. Sanger sequencing analyses revealed host-adapted genetic variants within Blastocystis, but other parasitic pathogens (C. hominis, P. malariae, T. brucei, M. perstans) have zoonotic potential, suggesting that cross-species transmission between wild chimpanzees and humans is possible in areas where both species overlap. Additionally, we explored potential interactions between intestinal/blood protist species and seasonality and climate variables. Chimpanzees seem to play a more complex role on the epidemiology of pathogenic and commensal protist and nematode species than initially anticipated.
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- 2021
8. Diarrhoea‐causing enteric protist species in intensively and extensively raised pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) in Southern Spain. Part I: Prevalence and genetic diversity.
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Dashti, Alejandro, Rivero‐Juárez, Antonio, Santín, Mónica, George, Nadja S., Köster, Pamela C., López‐López, Pedro, Risalde, María A, García‐Bocanegra, Ignacio, Gómez‐Villamandos, Jose Carlos, Caballero‐Gómez, Javier, Frías, Mario, Bailo, Begoña, Ortega, Sheila, Muadica, Aly Salimo, Calero‐Bernal, Rafael, González‐Barrio, David, Rivero, Antonio, Briz, Verónica, and Carmena, David
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CRYPTOSPORIDIUM ,SWINE ,GENETIC variation ,SPECIES - Abstract
Numerous protist species are shared between humans and pigs. Among those, Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp. and Balantioides coli have a clear public and animal health significance. For others such as Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Blastocystis sp., their impact on animal health has not been fully established. Little information is currently available on the molecular diversity of these protists in swine populations. To fill this gap, we molecularly assessed G. duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., B. coli, Blastocystis sp. and E. bieneusi in faecal samples from Iberian and Large White pigs raised under different (intensive and/or extensive) management systems in southern Spain. A total of 151 extensively raised Iberian pigs, 140 intensively raised Iberian pigs, and 184 intensively raised Large White pigs were investigated. Blastocystis sp. was the agent most prevalently found (47.8%), followed by B. coli (45.5%), G. duodenalis (10.7%), E. bieneusi (6.9%), and Cryptosporidium spp. (5.5%). Blastocystis sp. was significantly less prevalent in intensively raised Iberian pigs (22.9%) than in their extensively raised counterparts (51.0%) or in intensively raised Large White pigs (64.1%). A significantly higher prevalence was found for G. duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and E. bieneusi in Large White pigs than Iberian pigs. Balantioides coli was similarly distributed (40.0–51.1%) in all three investigated swine populations. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of G. duodenalis assemblage E, two Cryptosporidium species (Cryptosporidium scrofarum and Cryptosporidium suis), B. coli (genotypes A and B), Blastocystis sp. (ST1, ST3, and ST5), and E. bieneusi (EbpA, EbpC, EbpD, O, and a novel genotype named PigSpEb2). Novel genotype PigSpEb2 was found alone or in combination with EbpA. Data suggest a widespread exposure to protist enteroparasites in domestic pig populations irrespectively of breed and raising management system. Many of the species/genotypes identified have a zoonotic potential and might represent a public health concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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9. Presence and genetic diversity of enteric protists in captive and semi-captive non-human primates in côte d'Ivoire, Sierra Leone, and Peru.
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Köster, Pamela C., Lapuente, Juan, Pizarro, Andrea, Prieto-Pérez, Laura, Pérez-Tanoira, Ramón, Dashti, Alejandro, Bailo, Begoña, Muadica, Aly S., González-Barrio, David, Calero-Bernal, Rafael, Ponce-Gordo, Francisco, and Carmena, David
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Little information is currently available on the occurrence and genetic diversity of pathogenic and commensal protist species in captive and semi-captive non-human primates (NHP) resident in zoological gardens or sanctuaries in low- and medium-income countries. In this molecular-based study, we prospectively collected individual faecal samples from apparently healthy NHP at the Abidjan Zoological Garden (AZG) in Côte d'Ivoire, the Tacugama Sanctuary (TS) in Sierra Leone, and the Quistococha Zoological Garden (QZG) in Peru between November 2018 and February 2020. We evaluated for the presence of pathogenic (Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica , Giardia duodenalis , Blastocystis sp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi , Balantioides coli) and commensal (Entamoeba dispar , Troglodytella abrassarti) protist species using PCR methods and Sanger sequencing. Giardia duodenalis was the most prevalent species found (25.9%, 30/116), followed by Blastocystis sp. (22.4%, 26/116), and E. dispar (18.1%, 21/116). We detected E. bieneusi (4.2%, 1/24) and T. abrassarti (12.5%, 3/24) only on NHP from AZG. Cryptosporidium spp., E. histolytica , and B. coli were undetected at the three sampling sites investigated here. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of zoonotic sub-assemblages BIII (n = 1) in AZG and BIV (n = 1) in TS within G. duodenalis. We identified Blastocystis subtype ST3 (100%, 6/6) in AZG, ST1 (80.0%, 12/15), ST2 (6.7%, 1/15), and ST3 (13.3%, 2/15) in TS, and ST2 (80.0%, 4/5) and ST3 (20.0%, 1/5) in QZG. The only E. bieneusi isolate detected here was identified as zoonotic genotype CAF4. Our PCR-based data indicate that potentially pathogenic protist species including G. duodenalis , Blastocystis sp., E. bieneusi , and B. coli are present at variable rates in the three NHP populations investigated here. The identification of zoonotic genotypes within these species indicates that human-NHP transmission is possible, although the extent and directionality of these events need to be elucidated in future molecular surveys. [Display omitted] • Giardia and Blastocystis are highly prevalent in confined non-human primates. • Diarrhoea-causing Cryptosporidium and Entamoeba histolytica were undetected. • First description of Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype CAF4 in non-human primates. • Confined non-human primates harbour protist species with zoonotic potential. • Cross-species (including human) transmission is possible in zoos and sanctuaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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10. Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Microsporidia): Identification of novel genotypes and evidence of transmission between sympatric wild boars (Sus scrofa ferus) and Iberian pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) in Southern Spain.
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Dashti, Alejandro, Rivero‐Juarez, Antonio, Santín, Mónica, López‐López, Pedro, Caballero‐Gómez, Javier, Frías‐Casas, Mario, Köster, Pamela C., Bailo, Begoña, Calero‐Bernal, Rafael, Briz, Verónica, and Carmena, David
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WILD boar ,SWINE ,MICROSPORIDIOSIS ,MICROSPORIDIA ,GENOTYPES ,ENTEROCYTOZOON bieneusi - Abstract
Microsporidia is a phylum of obligate emergent intracellular protist‐like fungi pathogens that infect a broad range of hosts including vertebrates and invertebrates. Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common cause of microsporidiosis in humans, affecting primarily immunosuppressed patients but also reported in immunocompetent individuals. Epidemiological information on the presence and molecular diversity of E. bieneusi in livestock and wildlife in Spain is limited. Therefore, the occurrence of this microsporidia was investigated in sympatric extensively reared Iberian pigs (n = 186) and free ranging wild boars (n = 142) in the province of Córdoba, Southern Spain. Forty‐two Iberian pigs (22.6%) and three wild boars (2.1%) were found E. bieneusi positive by PCR. In Iberian pigs, occurrence of E. bieneusi was significantly higher in sows than in fattening pigs (31.6% vs. 11.4%; p =.001). Five genotypes were identified in Iberian pigs, four previously reported (EbpA, PigEb4, O, Pig HN‐II) and a novel genotype (named PigSpEb1), while only two genotypes were identified in wild boars, EbpA and novel genotype PigSpEb1. All five genotypes identified belong to Group 1 suggesting zoonotic potential. This study constitutes the first report on the occurrence and molecular characterization of E. bieneusi in Iberian pigs and wild boars. The identification of two genotypes with zoonotic potential in sympatric Iberian pigs and wild boars suggests that E. bieneusi can be potentially transmitted between those two hosts, but also implies that they may act as natural sources of microsporidia infection to other hosts including humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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11. Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from Black Bears ( Ursus americanus), Bobcats ( Lynx rufus), and Feral Cats ( Felis catus) from Pennsylvania.
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Dubey, Jitender P., Verma, Shiv K., Calero‐Bernal, Rafael, Cassinelli, Ana B., Kwok, Oliver C. H., Van Why, Kyle, Su, Chunlei, and Humphreys, Jan G.
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TOXOPLASMA gondii ,BLACK bear ,BOBCAT ,FERAL cats ,WARM-blooded animals - Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii infects virtually all warm-blooded hosts worldwide. Recently, attention has been focused on the genetic diversity of the parasite to explain its pathogenicity in different hosts. It has been hypothesized that interaction between feral and domestic cycles of T. gondii may increase unusual genotypes in domestic cats and facilitate transmission of potentially more pathogenic genotypes to humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. In the present study, we tested black bear ( Ursus americanus), bobcat ( Lynx rufus), and feral cat ( Felis catus) from the state of Pennsylvania for T. gondii infection. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 32 (84.2%) of 38 bears, both bobcats, and 2 of 3 feral cats tested by the modified agglutination test (cut off titer 1:25). Hearts from seropositive animals were bioassayed in mice, and viable T. gondii was isolated from 3 of 32 bears, 2 of 2 bobcats, and 2 of 3 feral cats. DNA isolated from culture-derived tachyzoites of these isolates was characterized using multilocus PCR- RFLP markers. Three genotypes were revealed, including Toxo DB PCR- RFLP genotype #1 or #3 (Type II, 1 isolate), #5 (Type 12, 3 isolates), and #216 (3 isolates), adding to the evidence of genetic diversity of T. gondii in wildlife in Pennsylvania. Pathogenicity of 3 T. gondii isolates (all #216, 1 from bear, and 2 from feral cat) was determined in outbred Swiss Webster mice; all three were virulent causing 100% mortality. Results indicated that highly mouse pathogenic strains of T. gondii are circulating in wildlife, and these strains may pose risk to infect human through consuming of game meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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12. Molecular Detection and Characterization of Intestinal and Blood Parasites in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Senegal.
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Köster, Pamela C., Renelies-Hamilton, Justinn, Dotras, Laia, Llana, Manuel, Vinagre-Izquierdo, Celia, Prakas, Petras, Sneideris, Donatas, Dashti, Alejandro, Bailo, Begoña, Lanza, Marta, Jiménez-Mejías, Alejandra, Muñoz-García, Carlota, Muadica, Aly S., González-Barrio, David, Rubio, José M., Fuentes, Isabel, Ponce-Gordo, Francisco, Calero-Bernal, Rafael, and Carmena, David
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BLOOD parasites ,CRYPTOSPORIDIUM ,CHIMPANZEES ,INTESTINAL parasites ,HOMINIDS ,GENETIC variation ,MALARIA - Abstract
Simple Summary: Western chimpanzees are currently listed as a Critically Endangered subspecies. Human encroachment has taken a toll on this great ape due to fragmented habitat and the exchange of pathogens. This epidemiological study investigated the occurrence and genetic diversity of intestinal and blood parasites in faecal samples from wild chimpanzees living in the Dindefelo Community Nature Reserve, Senegal. We paid special attention to potential human-driven sources of infection and transmission pathways. Potential diarrhoea-causing protist parasites (e.g., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba histolytica) were detected at low infection rates (and densities) or absent, whereas commensals (Entamoeba dispar) or protist of uncertain pathogenicity (Blastocystis sp.) were far more abundant. We detected Sarcocystis spp. in chimpanzee faeces. Blood protist parasites such as Plasmodium spp. and Trypanosoma brucei spp. (the etiological agents of malaria and sleeping sickness, respectively, in humans) were also found at low prevalences, but microfilariae of the nematode Mansonella perstans were frequently found. Molecular analyses primarily revealed host-adapted species/genotypes and an apparent absence of gastrointestinal clinical manifestations in infected chimpanzees. Zoonotic events of still unknown frequency and directionality may have taken part between wild chimpanzees and humans sharing natural habitats and resources. Wild chimpanzee populations in West Africa (Pan troglodytes verus) have dramatically decreased as a direct consequence of anthropogenic activities and infectious diseases. Little information is currently available on the epidemiology, pathogenic significance, and zoonotic potential of protist species in wild chimpanzees. This study investigates the occurrence and genetic diversity of intestinal and blood protists as well as filariae in faecal samples (n = 234) from wild chimpanzees in the Dindefelo Community Nature Reserve, Senegal. PCR-based results revealed the presence of intestinal potential pathogens (Sarcocystis spp.: 11.5%; Giardia duodenalis: 2.1%; Cryptosporidium hominis: 0.9%), protist of uncertain pathogenicity (Blastocystis sp.: 5.6%), and commensal species (Entamoeba dispar: 18.4%; Troglodytella abrassarti: 5.6%). Entamoeba histolytica, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Balantioides coli were undetected. Blood protists including Plasmodium malariae (0.4%), Trypanosoma brucei (1.3%), and Mansonella perstans (9.8%) were also identified. Sanger sequencing analyses revealed host-adapted genetic variants within Blastocystis, but other parasitic pathogens (C. hominis, P. malariae, T. brucei, M. perstans) have zoonotic potential, suggesting that cross-species transmission between wild chimpanzees and humans is possible in areas where both species overlap. Additionally, we explored potential interactions between intestinal/blood protist species and seasonality and climate variables. Chimpanzees seem to play a more complex role on the epidemiology of pathogenic and commensal protist and nematode species than initially anticipated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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13. Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Mostly Asymptomatic Indigenous People from the Tapirapé Tribe, Brazilian Amazon.
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Köster, Pamela Carolina, Malheiros, Antonio F., Shaw, Jeffrey J., Balasegaram, Sooria, Prendergast, Alexander, Lucaccioni, Héloïse, Moreira, Luciana Melhorança, Lemos, Larissa M. S., Dashti, Alejandro, Bailo, Begoña, Marcili, Arlei, Sousa Soares, Herbert, Gennari, Solange Maria, Calero-Bernal, Rafael, González-Barrio, David, and Carmena, David
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INDIGENOUS peoples ,GENETIC variation ,TRIOSE-phosphate isomerase ,GIARDIA ,GLUTAMATE dehydrogenase - Abstract
Little information is available on the occurrence and genetic variability of the diarrhoea-causing enteric protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis in indigenous communities in Brazil. This cross-sectional epidemiological survey describes the frequency, genotypes, and risk associations for this pathogen in Tapirapé people (Brazilian Amazon) at four sampling campaigns during 2008–2009. Microscopy was used as a screening test, and molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) assays targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA, the glutamate dehydrogenase, the beta-giardin, and the triosephosphate isomerase genes as confirmatory/genotyping methods. Associations between G. duodenalis and sociodemographic and clinical variables were investigated using Chi-squared test and univariable/multivariable logistic regression models. Overall, 574 individuals belonging to six tribes participated in the study, with G. duodenalis prevalence rates varying from 13.5–21.7%. The infection was positively linked to younger age and tribe. Infected children <15 years old reported more frequent gastrointestinal symptoms compared to adults. Assemblage B accounted for three out of four G. duodenalis infections and showed a high genetic diversity. No association between assemblage and age or occurrence of diarrhoea was demonstrated. These data indicate that the most likely source of infection was anthropic and that different pathways (e.g., drinking water) may be involved in the transmission of the parasite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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14. Occurrence and molecular genotyping of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in wild mesocarnivores in Spain.
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Mateo, Marta, de Mingo, Marta Hernández, de Lucio, Aida, Morales, Lucía, Balseiro, Ana, Espí, Alberto, Barral, Marta, Lima Barbero, José Francisco, Habela, Miguel Ángel, Fernández-García, José L., Bernal, Rafael Calero, Köster, Pamela C., Cardona, Guillermo A., and Carmena, David
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GIARDIA , *CRYPTOSPORIDIUM , *GLUTAMATE dehydrogenase , *EPIDEMIOLOGY - Abstract
There is a surprisingly scarce amount of epidemiological and molecular data on the prevalence, frequency, and diversity of the intestinal protozoan parasites Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in wildlife in general and mesocarnivore species in particular. Consequently, the extent of the cyst/oocyst environmental contamination attributable to these wild host species and their potential implications for public veterinary health remain largely unknown. In this molecular epidemiological survey a total of 193 individual faecal samples from badgers ( Meles meles , n = 70), ferrets ( Mustela putorius furo , n = 2), genets ( Genetta genetta , n = 6), Iberian lynxes ( Lynx pardinus , n = 6), beech martens ( Martes foina , n = 8), mongooses ( Herpestes ichneumon , n = 2), otters ( Lutra lutra , n = 2), polecats ( Mustela putorius , n = 2), red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes , n = 87), wildcats ( Felis silvestris , n = 2), and wolves ( Canis lupus , n = 6) were obtained from road-killed, hunted, and accidentally found carcasses, and from camera-trap surveys or animals entering rescue shelters, during the period December 2003–April 2016. Investigated specimens were collected in five Spanish autonomous regions including Andalusia ( n = 1), Asturias ( n = 69), Basque Country ( n = 49), Castile-La Mancha ( n = 38), and Extremadura ( n = 36). The presence of cysts/oocysts was confirmed by PCR-based methods targeting the small subunit ( ssu ) ribosomal RNA gene of these parasite species. Genotyping of the obtained isolates were attempted at appropriate markers including the glutamate dehydrogenase ( G. duodenalis ) and the 60-kDa glycoprotein ( C. parvum and C. ubiquitum ) loci. Overall, G. duodenalis was detected in 8% (7/87) of red foxes, a single beech marten, and a single wolf, respectively. Cryptosporidium was identified in 3% (2/70) of badgers, 8% (7/87) of red foxes, a single genet, and a single mongoose, respectively. None of the nine G. duodenalis isolates generated could be genotyped at the assemblage/sub-assemblage level. Out of the nine Cryptosporidium isolates successfully characterized, three were identified as C. canis (one in a mongoose and two in red foxes), and three as C. parvum (one in a badger and three in red foxes). The remaining three isolates were assigned to C. felis (in a red fox), C. hominis (in a badger), and C. ubiquitum (in a red fox), respectively. Two additional Cryptosporidium isolates infecting a badger and a genet, respectively, were untypable. The red fox was confirmed as a suitable host of potentially zoonotic Cryptosporidium species, mainly C. parvum and C. ubiquitum . The high mobility and wide home range of red foxes, together with their increasing presence in urban and peri-urban settings, may led to the overlapping of sylvatic and domestic cycles of the parasite, and consequently, to an increased risk of cryptosporidiosis in production animals and humans. The detection of C. hominis oocysts in a badger raises the question of whether this finding represents a true infection or a sporadic event of mechanical passage of C. hominis oocyst of anthroponotic origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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