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The advancement of modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) along with e-governments initiatives and the new digital world, during Covid-19, forced users to look for Free Open Source Software (FOSS) solutions, to serve different normal or specific needs, which is the real drawback of some Commercial software. The digital world is here and it needs modern management using advanced FOSS technology. We will present an overview of the Architecture of the Free Open Source Web GIS platform to demonstrate its easiness, practicality, and ability to perform effectively and better than commercial GIS tools. The developed platform proposed will be explained based on the succession of published applications of a project which is a "Sewage Infrastructure Network". A Web Map application for the project has been developed; starting from loading the software and data collection to publishing the results on the web. The Add-ons and other complementary software tools were used for full GIS creation and functions with database management, Applications, and an easy online updating of the published data. Applications, publishing, and easy online updating at low cost are major issues to future success and the OS is the solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The latest innovation of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) technologies plays an important role in improving the quality and safety of modern life. Most of the applications evolved from the integration between GNSS, geographical information systems (GIS) and wireless communications and networking (WCN) systems. The wide spread applications that are using these technologies include: the automatic vehicle location (AVL), tracking systems, navigation systems, pedestrian navigation systems, intelligent transportation systems, precise positioning, and emergency callers, among others. The location-based services (LBS) are possible only by the combination of GNSS, GIS and WCN. The growing need for commercial LBS has forced cellular-phone and network manufacturers to concentrate on positioning solutions, which are even more precise than the regulatory mandates for positioning of emergency callers and other user services and applications. In this paper, we will present a literature review of the GNSS, the three satellite systems GPS, GLONASS and Galileo, which are aimed to support GNSS services, and a comparison between them and their role in creating a GIS. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]