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This article is devoted to the application of remote sensing in the context of the natural and technical geosystem of the Dniester PSPP. The main emphasis is placed on the use of geographic information systems (GIS) and thermographic data to determine the factors that may cause abnormal thermal load on hydraulic structures. The study is aimed at identifying and analysing temperature gradients that may influence the occurrence of thermal anomalies. The study is aimed at identifying potential causes, mechanisms and factors affecting water manifestations. The subject of the analysis is also the relationship between the temperature gradient on the surface of structures and the presence of water leakage, as well as the impact of temperature on geological, hydrological and engineering systems of the structure. The analysis process is based on the interpretation of thermographic data reflecting the local heating of the surface of the hydraulic structure and the geotechnical characteristics of the soils, taking into account the design features of the hydraulic structure The research provides valuable insights that can be used to optimise the design and construction of earthen dams. Analysis of thermal processes is an important step in understanding and predicting their impact on the geological structure and hydrogeological properties of the environment. Man-made soils placed in the protective layers of a dam are subject to significant uneven heating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a study was conducted to analyze the factors leading to the occurrence of one of the natural disasters - fires on the territory of Eastern Kazakhstan. This work examined the consequences of forest fires that occurred before 2022 and analyzed changes in the state of forest cover in recent years using satellite images. The article also describes the methodology and application of geographic information technologies for assessing the potential damage caused by fires based on data from space. This technology provides a quick assessment of possible damage from forest and steppe fires, which can be supplemented with data from the area. Based on space monitoring data, areas affected by fires are identified, and a rapid assessment of such areas is carried out using information from the MODIS system, after which it is recommended to supplement it with more detailed medium-resolution data, such as Landsat images. In addition, the article determined the structure of forest cover, and also identified factors influencing the occurrence of fire conditions in the territory of Eastern Kazakhstan. As a result of the study, a set of proposals was developed to assess the level of damage caused by forest fires and measures to prevent such fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the relationship between morphometry and hydrobiological regime. The Shurtan reservoir located in the southern part of the Republic of Uzbekistan is chosen as the Object of the study. Studying the problem of reservoir overgrowth and its connection with morphometry, especially in reservoirs with depth up to 2 metres, and the influence of sunlight penetration, requires application of various research methods. The water level mark in the reservoir during the period of field studies was ∇ 420.325 m, the reservoir water volume was 7.5 million m3 and the water surface area was 7.10 km2. On the basis of application of modern technologies of geoinformation system for assessment of hydrological and hydrobiological processes on the reservoir, an electronic map of the Shurtan reservoir basin was made. The results of the study using GIS technologies showed that the coastal zones of the reservoir bowl are covered with algae (reeds), their area is growing every year. If its area in 2007 was-0.386km2, in 2014 it reached an area of 0.677km2. In 2018, work was done to clear the coastal zones of vegetation, but by 2023 everything is covered with plants again. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Repairing potholes is a task for municipalities to prevent serious road user injuries and vehicle damage. This study presents a low-cost, high-performance pothole monitoring system to maintain urban roads. The authors developed a methodology based on photogrammetry techniques to predict the pothole's shape and volume. A collection of overlapping 2D images shot by a Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 connected to a Raspberry Pi 4 Model B has been used to create a pothole 3D model. The Raspberry-based configuration has been mounted on an autonomous and remote-controlled robot (developed in the InfraROB European project) to reduce workers' exposure to live traffic in survey activities and automate the process. The outputs of photogrammetry processing software have been validated through laboratory tests set as ground truth; the trial has been conducted on a tile made of asphalt mixture, reproducing a real pothole. Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) technologies allowed visualising potholes on a map with information about their centre, volume, backfill material, and an associated image. Ten on-site tests validated that the system works in an uncontrolled environment and not only in the laboratory. The results showed that the system is a valuable tool for monitoring road potholes taking into account construction workers' and road users' health and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the possibilities of using GIS technologies in the tourism sphere. The study focused on the conceptual modeling of tourism and the geoinformation support in planning tourist routes. The subject area of tourism as a conceptual model in terms of database modeling and GIS using UML language was characterized and presented. The method of using the GIS to solve the problem of modeling transport accessibility zones to tourist attractions in shaping transport routes has been proposed. The QGIS was used in tandem with a database management system such as PostgreSQL. GRASS GIS environment was used to perform spatial analysis. The object of this research is the transport network in one of the districts of the Ternopil region. We have tested in practice the proposed technological scheme on the example of the Ternopil district with the use of PostgreSQL database management system, QGIS, and GRAS GIS. We have created a tourist isochrone map of this region with some attractive places. The proposed methodology for determining transport accessibility using spatial analysis tools with the creation of isochrone maps and a flexible system of adjustments in the GIS makes it possible to optimize already existing tourism routes and create new ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial specificities of migrations in population of Ukraine are discussed on the basis of map models (map diagrams, cartograms, map schemes of quantitative background, isolines). Territorial differences in interstate and interregional migrations in the pre-war time, the period of Russia’s hybrid war against Ukraine, and the full-scale war are put under analysis. Destinations and the value of migrant departures/arrivals are disclosed, as well as their effect on the dynamics of population number in Ukraine and its regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the extensive use of geographic information system (GIS) concepts, planning and design for water resources are evolving. The effects of human activity are all around us in some places, and water resources are getting harder to find. In this situation, evaluating these resources, estimating consequences, and developing plans to lessen impacts and enhance sustainability while utilizing the finest technology available are all important. While geographic information systems (GIS) offer the best tools for managing water resources and other related issues like drought and flood risk, remote sensing offers the essential data for managing these resources. Also, GIS can be integrated with many techniques like artificial intelligence models and hydrological models. This paper aims to present a comprehensive survey of the best practices and uses of GIS technologies in water resources engineering includes, water resources mapping, rainfall-runoff measurements, flood forecasting, irrigation management, water quality and drought monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim is to describe the field methods for studying the impact of the Dniester PSPP natural and technical geosystem (NTGS) on dynamic processes in the environment of its operation. A comprehensive research methodology was used to analyse the field methods for studying the impact of the Dniester PSPP natural and technical geosystem on dynamic processes in the environment of its operation. The initial stage included an analysis of the results of previous scientific studies on the impact of hydraulic engineering facilities on the environment. This made it possible to take into account previous findings and identify existing knowledge in this area. Next, we carried out on-site (field) data collection, which included in-situ measurements and observations directly in the area of the research object. For this purpose, specialised data collection devices were used. Particular attention was paid to the statistical analysis of the data obtained, which allowed us to identify the relationships between various factors that affect the dynamic processes of the environment. In the 21st century, geography is becoming an even more important and responsible science due to the growth of global challenges, such as climate change, environmental management, population migration, and others. An integrated approach allows geographers to look at problems from different perspectives and develop comprehensive solutions. Modern technologies, such as geographic information systems (GIS), satellite imagery, remote sensing, etc., provide geographers with new opportunities for collecting, analysing and interpreting data, which helps to solve complex problems more efficiently. An example of the application of an integrated approach in studying the impact of the natural and technical geosystem of the Dniester cascade of HPPs and PSPs on dynamic processes. Scientific novelty. The research in the article allows us to expand the understanding of the specific problem of managing anthropogenic load in a natural and technical system. The analysis of the object being designed as a system containing two most important parts - technical and natural - makes the systems approach not a decoration, but a prerequisite for the work of a natural scientist: geographer, ecologist - an ally, an associate of the designer. Designing, creating an environment that is optimal for human life means designing such systems, structures, and technologies so that they are as closely related to the existing relationships in nature as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem statement. The increased human pressure on natural geo-complexes is causing the revival of undesirable processes that create an extensive risk for the inhabitants of these regions. Alpine-type orogenic zones, which belong to the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus, are distinguished from many geomorphological systems by excessive activity of endo- and exogenous processes. Therefore, at this time, the task of diagnosing and assessing the ecological and geomorphological risk that the population faces in the development of new territories of the region seems to be important. Analysis of recent research and publications. After analyzing a number of techniques used to assess the landslide and mudflow hazards, the conclusion was made that most of them had their flaws. Research method. There are a large number of methods for assessing the risk of environmental management and predicting hazardous exodynamic processes. However, in modern conditions, these techniques are not sufficiently reliable. This, in turn, determines the relevance and the need to develop new or modernised methods of strategies for the prevention, protection, and elimination of the consequences of catastrophes and natural disasters. The purpose of this work is to reveal the geomorphological features and dynamics of the development of the most dangerous and often repeating landslide and mudflow processes based on field geomorphological studies, as well as fund literature, indicate the reasons for their formation and propose measures to combat them. Research results. The article discusses the results of ecological and geomorphological surveys on the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus, dedicated to the assessment of landslide and mudflow risk for the period from 1990 to 2020. To assess them in order to obtain morphometric characteristics (including the down gradient of slopes, the length and shape of slopes, areas of mudflow centers), large-scale (M 1:100000) topographic maps were used, as well as interpretation materials for different-scale and multi-temporal ASP. Based on the interpretation of the ASP within the studied region, in order to clarify the general picture of the dissection of the modern relief of the studied region, a map of morphometric tension was compiled, which includes the degree of vertical dissection of the territory, the down gradient of slopes, etc., and also maps of the risk of landslides and mudflows were compiled according to the degree of danger of landslide and mudflow processes, and the area of their distribution was calculated. Landslide and mudflow risk analysis mainly used high-resolution aerospace imagery (ASI) from CNES / Airbus, Maxar Technologies (GeoEye-1), and medium resolution Sentinel-2A and 2B. Thus visual and semi-automatic interpretation (classification with training) was performed in the ArcGIS environment. As a result, taking into account the morphometric tension, as well as the mudflow and landslide hazards, a map of the morphodynamic tension of the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus was compiled, which makes it possible to reveal the modern nature of the manifestation of exodynamic processes, to predict and assess the risk coming from them. Conclusion. The results of the research will make it possible to use the obtained data for the development of the Program for the safe and sustainable functioning and development for the purpose of recreational and tourist development of the difficult of access mountain geosystems of Azerbaijan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I compare cartographic methods that can be used for analyzing tourist attractive regions and explore the possibilities of using GIS technologies for such analysis. I provide a specific methodology of searching for the most attractive tourist regions using Voronoi diagrams and heatmaps. I demonstrate the methodology by applying it to certain types of tourist resources in Chernihiv region of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socio-economic maps are essential for identifcation and system analysis of sectoral and territorial imbalances, ensuring the effective organization of productive forces, planning and forecasting of socioeconomic development of the territory. This paper presents the authors' experience in creating and interpreting socio-economic maps in national and regional atlases, analyzes current trends in the development of socioeconomic mapping of the eastern regions of the country, which have their own characteristic features (a high sectoral and territorial differentiation, weak integration ties, underdeveloped infrastructure and innovation, etc.). Special attention is paid to the creation and practical use of the general economic map as a universal source of spatial information. In this context, an attempt is made to modify the technique of compiling the general economic map. The authors' scientifc developments that have found their practical implementation are outlined. We defned the main problems and prospects of further developing socio-economic mapping related to future geoinformation mapping. Results of summarizing and re-interpreting a huge body of theoretical and practical material suggest that socio-economic mapping is in the next critical stage of its development and requires signifcant changes in many areas. Therefore, this dictates a need for a new view of the conceptual framework and methodology for compilation and use of socio-economic maps, and for switchover to the creation of complex maps (animation, three-dimensional, assessment-forecast and other maps). do]10.1134/S1875372820010114 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presented are the technique and results of studying the landscape structure of the north-west of Western Siberia on the basis of the Hansen mosaic dataset consisting of elements covering the entire territory of the Earth. To study this area used a synthesis of classical methods of thematic system mapping as described in the doctrine of geosystems of V. B. Sochava, and automated interpretation of remote sensing data and mapping using GIS technologies. The method of geoinformational mapping of the landscape structure with the use of MultiSpec and Quantum GIS software programs for the purpose of drawing up real-time raster landscape maps is shown. In drawing up the map and the legend, the principle of geomic system-hierarchical representation of the territory as a complex multi-level “bottom-up” structure from topological-level geosystems (groups and classes of landscape facies) to regional-level geosystems (geoms, groups and classes of geoms) was used. Compilation of operational raster landscape maps of the north-west of Western Siberia involved multilevel automated interpretation of the Hansen mosaic dataset and mapping of areas (clusters) on images with different brightness characteristics, with the landscape structure of key areas and stationary physical and geographical profiles. A characteristic of this approach also implies using a dynamic classification of geosystems based on the study of their variable states. Such an approach permits a monitoring of changes in landscape structure and its areas and the intensity of anthropogenic impacts on forest and marsh landscapes, and determination of permissible pressure on geosystems in areas with high technogenic pressure of the oil and gas complex represented by the north-west of Siberia. An automated processing of data based on a supervised classification of territorial objects allows for the elimination of inaccuracies arising in visual image interpretation. Raster landscape maps can be used both for a further generation of vector maps and as a real-time information base for purposes of environmental management and protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The period of observations of glaciation of the Munku-Sardyk mountain massif in Siberia is one of the longest, i.e. 155 years. However, the data obtained are scattered and not systematic. The paper presents an integrated analysis of the materials collected since the first description by the explorer of Siberian mountains G.I. Radde Istoriy () and extended by Peretolchin () and Komarov (), as well as by glaciologists Maksimov (), Arefiev and Mukhametov (). The authors considered the current state of the glaciers and interaction of natural geosystems of the massif taking into account the nival-glacial processes. Since the beginning of the current millennium, regular observations have been conducted on the Munku-Sardyk massif by the V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS, Limnological Institute SB RAS, and East-Siberian State Academy of Education. The studies revealed the leading landscape-forming factors and examined the landscape structure of the surroundings of the contemporary nival-glacial geosystems with due regard for the manifestations of altitudinal zonation. A medium-scale landscape-typological mapping was carried out. Presented are the quantitative parameters of the dynamics of the nival-glacial geosystems obtained on the basis of modern remote sensing instruments, GPS measurements and surface laser scanning using GIS analysis. The stump and stem of larch detected in the valley of the Bugovek River 300 m above the contemporary upper forest limit and 1330 m up the valley show that most likely there was no glaciation during the Atlantic period (7000-7300 years ago). The modern glacier complex has formed only during the last 4000-5000 years. The trend of shrinkage of glaciers since the end of the Little Ice Age can be traced, especially in recent years. The length and area of the open part of the glaciers have decreased by half (from 0.68 to 0.34 km). The presence of small forms of glaciation on the southernmost limit of the Siberian glaciation 1500 m below the theoretical (climate) boundary suggests that this area can be considered a unique key site to identify trends in development of the mountain and nival-glacial geosystems, and provides an opportunity to built reconstructive and predictive models of development of mountain landscapes under the conditions of ever-increasing anthropogenic influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presented are the results from studying and mapping the vegetation in the Upper-Angara depression. We suggest the technique for mapping plant communities involving a combined use of the NDVI and NDWI indices, the SRTM-based digital elevation model, forest management data, and expedition-based research findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mathematical model to determine the required number of operational fire departments to protect settlements from fires was described. The authors of the study describe the results of automated GIS design, which is aimed at planning of activities and resource equipment for operational fire departments in settlements. The structure and functionality of the system were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]