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Formalized classification of the class Isoëto-Nanojuncetea has not been performed in Poland. We used 69,562 relevés stored in Polish Vegetation Database. Based on the literature and expert knowledge we selected 63 diagnostic species for the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea class. Unequivocal classification was applied in this work according to Cocktail method. A set of formal definitions was established using a combination of logical operators of total cover of species in case of high-rank syntaxa while sociological species groups and cover of particular species were used for logical formulas describing class, alliances and associations. An Expert System was prepared and applied to classify the whole data set of PVD and 1,340 relevés were organized at the class level. We stratifies the data and finally we used data set of 903 relevés to prepare synoptic tables, distribution maps and descriptions of the syntaxa. Twelve associations and two plant communities were identified. Vegetation of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea class occur in Poland’s central and southern part, with scattered stands in northern region. We described two new plant communities within Eleocharition and Radiolion alliance. The first formal classification of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea class revealed a high diversity of ephemeral vegetation wetland found in Poland in the eastern boundary of their geographical distribution in Europe.

In the geobotanical division of Poland, Pomerania was treated as a separate subdivision, divided into “coastal plains” and the “Pomeranian uplands” or, in the newest regionalization, the “Pomeranian division”. The goal of this paper is to determine how well the distinctiveness of Pomerania is floristically justified. A total of 1,467 native species occur within the area of Pomerania, representing 57.5% of the native flora of Poland. Fifty-seven species distinguishing Pomerania were selected and their phytogeographic features were discussed and compared to the Polish vascular flora. The distribution of 32 species (56.1%) is characterized as (sub)Atlantic/oceanic. Of the taxa that characterize Pomerania, 47.45% represent the northern element of the Polish flora and 7.01% the western element; species of the eastern element do not exist in Pomerania. The maximum entropy (MaxEnt) method was used for collective distribution analysis of the 57 selected taxa. The analyzes were performed using 41 environmental variables. All the species analyzed are strictly linked to the western and the North Atlantic part of Europe. Statistical evaluation of the MaxEnt model yielded an AUC value of 0.75 for both training and test. The most important environmental variables are minimum high (min_h), temperature annual range (bio07), and mean temperature of driest quarter (bio09). The results of the MaxEnt analysis allowed us also to verify the boundaries of the region and suggest new criteria for them. The southern limit of Pomerania should run along the northern boundary of the terminal moraine belt. Also, the area east of the Vistula does not contain abundant representatives of the flora characteristic for Pomerania. The results of the present study may be used for a broader discussion on the revision of the geobotanical division of Poland, at least in its northern part.

The name Elatine campylosperma Seub. is generally treated as one of the synonyms of E. macropoda Guss. However, recent morphological, phylogenetic and karyological studies indicate that this judgement should be revised. In the present paper we typify the name E. campylosperma, review its taxonomic history and provide a thorough description, with compilation of previously published data and our new measurements from in vitro cultures. Based on our herbarium survey, we outline its Atlantic-Mediterranean distribution area (Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Turkey and Algeria). Habitat preferences are summarized from our field observations, water quality measurements and the label information of the herbarium specimens examined. Intact E. campylosperma seeds were found in faecal samples of the Eurasian Coot (Fulica atra L.) in southern Spain and two of them were germinated, suggesting that E. campylosperma has a capacity for long distance dispersal via endozoochory

By the end of the 19th century, Lactuca tatarica was reported for the first time from an adventive occurrence on the North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts. In Wolin Island, the species has become established in the natural habitat and is clearly spreading in recent years. The community with L. tatarica was studied currently on the western point of Wolin Island along the stretch between the mouth of the Świna (Swine) River and a newly constructed breakwater of the external harbour. The taxon occupies relatively low parts of the sandy elevations of dune ridges, in patches of the Honckenyo-Agropyretum juncei association (habitat 2110). Furthermore, L. tatarica has been reported in recent years from some locations in Świnoujście (Usedom (Uznam) Island), Międzyzdroje, Wisełka and Międzywodzie.

Elatine gussonei (Sommier) Brullo et al. is a rare freshwater plant previously assumed to be endemic to Lampedusa and the Maltase archipelago. Taxonomic uncertainties within the Elatine genus may have caused E. gussonei populations to be overlooked in the Mediterranean region. To clarify the distribution of E. gussonei, we reviewed Elatine specimens from 12 herbaria and conducted eight field surveys in Mediterranean countries. Through our herbarium review we documented previously unknown occurrences of E. gussonei from Portugal, Spain, France, Algeria, Egypt, Cyprus and Israel. Additionally, in field studies we found populations from Cyprus, Morocco and Spain. Elatine gussonei is therefore more widespread than previously assumed, although the species still has a scattered distribution around the Mediterranean and many of the records are old. We found intact E. gussonei seeds in the faeces of migratory Greylag Geese (Anser anser) collected in southern Spain, suggesting that E. gussonei has a high capacity for long distance dispersal.

The Isoëto-Nanojuncetea-class includes short-lived and ephemerical communities occurring on temporarily flooded places in Western, Southern and Central Europe and Northern Africa. Results of the numerical classification of 739 phytosociological releves of the communities occurring in Poland are presented and discussed. Ali the releves were made in accordance with the principles of the BRAUN-BLANQUET school of syntaxonomy. The calculations were performed using NCLAS program of the SYN-TAX IV package. The JACCARD formuła and the unweighted pair-group method, using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) were applied. There is a strong habitat and floristic differentation of the communities of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea-class occurring in Poland. The results of the numerical classification indicate that, the distuinguished communities belong to two alliances: the Radiolion linoidis (Rivas Goday 1961) Pietsch 1965 (for associations occurring on synanthropic localities like stubble fields) and the Elatini-Eleocharition ovatae Pietsch 1965 (for communities growing on bottoms of dried ponds and exposed river or lakę banks). The distinguished communities arę phytosociologically characterized on basis of 223 selected releves. These arę: Spergulario-Illecebretum verticillati, Ranunculo-Myosuretum minimi, Centaurium pulchellum-Pottia truncata-commumiy, Heleocharetum ovatae, Cyperetum flavescentis and Cyperus fuscus-Limosella aquatica-commumiy. The study focused on: (1) attempting to solve the problem of phytosociological classification for the communities occurring in Poland, (2) preparing a complete catalogue of them and (3) giving the full list of character species (also among bryophytes) of distinguished syntaxa. It has led to finding out the relation between the communities occurring in Poland and the associations of Western Europe. The problem of the naturality of certain distinguished associations was discussed. The paper gives also some open questions demanding further studies and some suggestions of methods to be applied.

The general distribution of the endangered Euro-Siberian sub-Mediterranean species Elatine alsinastrum L. is provided using literature, web-sources and herbaria dataset. The distribution pattern shows some regularities: occurrence of locations along river valleys, formation of concentrated site clusters in some lowlands, wide distances between locations or site clusters or single locations between their clusters. The distribution patterns in central Europe seem to be rather well related to the history of the human migration in Europe at least since the Late Holocene. The scattered locations on the eastern part of the distribution area are likely to be a consequence of missing information, rather than to the fragmentation of its distribution.

The distribution of Montia fontana L. in Poland is described, based on accessible data. Maps showing the distribution of M. fontana agg., subsp. amporitana, subsp. chondrosperma are presented, as well as lists of localities with brief descriptions of taxonomic characteristics of the subspecies and their habitats.

Changes in the vegetation of "Wrzosiec" mire in 1991-2009 (Western Pomerania) Changes in the vegetation of a mire developing in forest lake hinterland in 1991-2009 are analysed and documented three times by phytosociological method. Within peat bog "islands", situated in the southern part of the lake, the most visible change is the development of a sparse pine-stand and thick shrubs of Salix species, Frangula alnus as well as increase in the participation of Molinia caerulea and some species of Scheuzerio-Caricetea class (Calamagrostis neglecta, Carex lasiocarpa and Sphagnum fallax). Vegetation of the lag zone shows fluctuating changes in the composition of plant communities depending on the water level that periodically changes. In the north-eastern part of the lake, a consistent slow process of terrestrialization was recognised.

Analysis of distribution patterns of selected ephemeral wetland species in Western Pomerania (NW Poland, NE Germany) Phytogeographical conditions of the occurrence of 13 selected ephemeral wetland species of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea class in Western Pomerania are analysed and discussed on the basis of distribution in Western Pomerania (maps are provided), distribution in Europe, general distribution range, taxonomic relations and palynological data. Present distribution patterns of the analysed taxa in Western Pomerania can thus be permanent not for a very long time and reflect the history of the settling of Pomerania by these species.

New data on the distribution of dwarf ephemeral wetland vascular plant species and communities in western and north-western Poland New phytosociological data are provided on Eleocharito-Caricetum bohemicae occurring on the easternmost range border in Central Europe. The distribution maps of selected character species of Eleocharito-Caricetum in Central Europe are presented.

POPIELA, A.: Phytogeographic aspects of the occurrence of forest vascular plant species in Pomerania (northwest Poland). — Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 125: 97–228. 2004. — ISSN 0006-8152. Forest species occurring in Pomerania (NW Poland) are discussed from several points of view. The study considers the typology of their ranges in Pomerania, affiliations with geographical elements and the nature of their habitat. The material of the study includes 129 original maps of the species distribution in Pomerania. Taxa included in one type (subtype) of distribution have, in numerous cases, a similar general distribution. The typology of local ranges resulted in groupings of taxa associated with the same type of forest association. Hypotheses regarding the pathways and the age of forest species migration to the Pomerania territory in the Holocene were developed. The periods of most intense migration of forest species to Pomerania were the Boreal (9000–8000 C BP) and Atlantic (8000–5000 BP) periods. It is postulated that in this period Pomerania was inhabited by most of the taxa associated with mesophilous deciduous forest. The earliest invaders in Pomerania were taxa associated with pine woods, part of which was already present in this area from the Preboreal or even the Late-Glacial. Somewhat later in the Preboreal the arrival and distribution of the carr association taxa took place. The taxa currently associated with beech woods and oak-hornbeam forests probably appeared already in Pomerania in the period of climatic optimum, i.e. before the appearance of beech and hornbeam in this territory. Prehistoric, historic and recent transformation of forest communities by human activity played a very important role in the distribution of forest species. Expansion of some widespread taxa could be bound to anthropogenic transformation of the vegetation. The relationship between selected abiotic factors and the contemporary distribution of forest species was statistically tested (log-linear analysis). The results of this analysis confirm that the distribution of forest taxa depends on the differentiation of Pomeranian climatic parameters, the type of geological substrate and the size of forest complexes. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 125 2 97–228 Stuttgart, 16. Februar 2004 DOI: 10.1127/0006-8152/ 2004/0125-0097 0006-8152/04/0125-0097 $ 33.00 © 2004 E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, D-70176 Stuttgart