Search

In the city of Bueno Brandão, South of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, the Watershed of Rio das Antas is located prior to the public water supply and is susceptible to hydro-degradation due to the intensive agricultural activities developed in the area. The potato plantation is the most significant cropping in the city. Because of the possibility of interfering in the preservation areas, mainly the ones surrounding water courses and springs, it is very important to do the assessment of the plantation sites, in order to avoid the risk of water contamination. The procedures adopted by the agro activity farmers generally present the following features: intensive use of agro-chemicals, cropping in places with slopes which are higher than 20%, close to or in permanent preservation areas. The scope of this study was to develop the proper methodology for the assessment of the plantation areas, regarding the short time of procedure, as the period between the plantation and the harvest occurs in six months the furthest. These areas vary year in year out, as the plantation sites often change due to the land degradation. Because of that, geotechnologies are recommended to detect the plantation areas by the use of satellite images and accurate data processing. Considering the availability of LANDSAT medium resolution images, methods for their appropriate classification were approached to provide effective target detection.

O objetivo do trabalho é fazer uma análise, em escala intraurbana, das inter-relações entre os processos de expansão urbana e as situações de vulnerabilidade socioambiental, em uma região hiperperiférica da metrópole de São Paulo, no período recente (2000 a 2006). A referida região abrange o distrito de Cidade Tiradentes e seu entorno, no extremo leste do município de São Paulo. A metodologia geral do estudo envolve o mapeamento do uso do solo e das áreas de expansão urbana, por meio de imagens de satélite, bem como identificação e caracterização de situações (áreas) de vulnerabilidade socioambiental, pela construção e análise de indicadores socioambientais ao nível dos setores censitários do Censo 2000 do IBGE, integrando dados socioeconômicos, demográficos e ambientais. Os resultados revelam uma expressiva associação entre os processos de expansão urbana e crescimento de assentamentos precários e as situações de vulnerabilidade socioambiental, na região hiperperiférica de Cidade Tiradentes e entorno. Além disso, observa-se existência de grandes sobreposições entre vulnerabilidades sociais e ambientais, com forte concentração de problemas e riscos sociais e ambientais em determinadas áreas, como é o caso dos setores censitários de alta vulnerabilidade socioambiental da região de Cidade Tiradentes e entorno. Estas áreas apresentam altos níveis de irregularidade no uso do solo, com forte presença de assentamentos precários como favelas e loteamentos irregulares, além de condições socioeconômicas extremamente desfavoráveis, com baixíssimos níveis de renda, escolaridade e saneamento. The objective of this article is to analyze, on an intraurban scale, the interrelations among processes of urban expansion and situations of socioenvironmental vulnerability in a hyperperipheral region of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region in recent years (2000 to 2006). This geographical region includes the district of Cidade Tiradentes and its surrounding area, located at the extreme eastern side of the municipality of São Paulo. The overall methodology of the study involves the mapping of the use of the soil and of the areas of urban expansion, using satellite images, as well as the identification and characterization of situations (areas) of socioenvironmental vulnerability. To this end, socioenvironmental indicators are constructed and analyzed based on census sectors from the Federal Census of 2000, including socioeconomic, demographic and environmental data. The results show a strong correlation between the processes of urban expansion and growth of substandard settlements and situations of socioenvironmental vulnerability in the hyperperipheral region of Cidade Tiradentes and its surrounding area. It was also seen that there are broad overlappings between social and environmental vulnerabilities, with strong concentration of social and environmental problems and risks in certain areas, as is the case of the census sectors of high socioenvironmental vulnerability in the Cidade Tiradentes region. These areas show irregularity in the use of the soil and widespread presence of substandard settlements such as shantytowns and irregular subdivision projects. There are also extremely critical socioeconomic conditions, with very low levels of income, formal education and sanitation. El objetivo del trabajo es realizar un análisis, en escala intraurbana, de las interrelaciones entre los procesos de expansión urbana y las situaciones de vulnerabilidad socioambiental, en una región hiperperiférica de la metrópoli de San Pablo, para el período 2000 a 2006. La referida región abarca el distrito de Ciudad Tiradentes y su entorno, en el extremo este del municipio de San Pablo. La metodología general del estudio incluye el mapeo del uso del suelo y de las áreas de expansión urbana, por medio de imágenes de satélite, así como la identificación y caracterización de situaciones (áreas) de vulnerabilidad socioambiental, por la construcción y análisis de indicadores socioambientais a nivel de los sectores censitarios del Censo 2000 del IBGE, integrando datos socioeconómicos, demográficos y ambientales. Los resultados revelan una expresiva asociación entre los procesos de expansión urbana y crecimiento de asentamientos precarios y las situaciones de vulnerabilidad socioambiental, en la región hiperperiférica de Ciudad Tiradentes y entorno. Además, se observa la existencia de grandes superposiciones entre vulnerabilidades sociales y ambientales, con fuerte concentración de problemas y riesgos sociales y ambientales en determinadas áreas, como es el caso de los sectores censitarios de alta vulnerabilidad socioambiental de la región de la Ciudad de Tiradentes y su entorno. Estas áreas presentan altos niveles de irregularidad en el uso del suelo, con fuerte presencia de asentamientos precarios como "favelas" y loteos irregulares, además de condiciones socioeconómicas extremadamente desfavorables, con bajos niveles de ingreso, escolaridad y saneamiento.

The present work intends to identify the areas which have appropriate environment for the procreation of the disease vector in the northern part of Labrea municipality, in the state of Amazonas. The environmental conditions found in the study region are highly favorable to the elevate density of mosquitoes and to their procreation in the larvae phase, as it is known that the ideal environment considered to its procreation is the aquatic one, where occurs around 3⁄4 of the mosquito life cycle. The digital image processing techniques have been considered as an important tool to identify these areas and have aided the decision making in the public health segment. In order to achieve the purpose of this work, two approaches were made: the object-oriented analysis classification of an optical image and the proposal of a new methodological approach for the terrain description, resulting from the application of the algorithm called HAND. In this approach, the purpose is to characterize both the water bodies identified during the image classification and the possible flood regions, thus, favorable for the procreation of the Anopheles vector. In the spatial analysis stage, a local spatial regression model was used. As a result, it was concluded that de descriptor terrain model in the flood areas of the study region is an explanatory factor of the malaria incidence in the northern part of Labrea.

This paper is committed to explore object-oriented methods for the classification of Quickbird images, aiming to support future urban population estimates. The study area concerns the southern sector of Sao Jose dos Campos city, located in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. By means of a multi-resolution segmentation approach and a six-layer hierarchical classification network, homogeneous residential areas were identified in terms of density of occupation and building standards (single dwelling units or high-rise buildings). The classification network was built upon spectral, geometrical and topological features of the objects in each level of segmentation as well as upon their contextual and semantic interrelationships in-between the hierarchical levels. The final classification of homogeneous residential units was subject to validation, using an object-based Kappa statistics.