Search

A study on structure and composition of old secondary forest (OSF), young secondary forest (YSF), and old scrub forest (OScF) in Rantau Bertuah Protected Area, Siak Regency, Riau Province, was conducted in September 2018. The purpose of this study was to analyze species composition and structure of forests.The research plot measuring 100 x 100 m (one ha) each was made at OSF, YSF, and OScF. The OSF plot held 33 families, 55 species, and 642 trees with a diameter of ? 10 cm; in YSF 31 families, 56 species, and 450 trees; and in OScF 28 families, 52 species, and 235 trees. At the tree level the OSF was dominated by Calophyllum macrocarpum, Shorea sp., and Gironniera nervosa; the YSF by Palaquium amboinense, Shorea macroptera, and Gironniera nervosa; and the OScF by Macaranga hypoleuca, Gironniera nervosa and Lithocarpus gracilis. Based on the main dominant species and full distribution in the plot, the forest is called the Gironniera nervosa-Lithocarpus gracilis association.

© 2019, INRA and Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature. Key message: Permanent sampling plots (PSPs) are a powerful and reliable methodology to help our understanding of the diversity and dynamics of tropical forests. Based on the current inventory of PSPs in Indonesia, there is high potential to establish a long-term collaborative forest monitoring network. Whilst there are challenges to initiating such a network, there are also innumerable benefits to help us understand and better conserve these exceptionally diverse ecosystems.

Less than half of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions remain in the atmosphere. While carbon balance models imply large carbon uptake in tropical forests, direct on-the-ground observations are still lacking in Southeast Asia. Here, using long-term plot monitoring records of up to half a century, we find that intact forests in Borneo gained 0.43 Mg C ha−1 per year (95% CI 0.14–0.72, mean period 1988–2010) in above-ground live biomass carbon. These results closely match those from African and Amazonian plot networks, suggesting that the world’s remaining intact tropical forests are now en masse out-of-equilibrium. Although both pan-tropical and long-term, the sink in remaining intact forests appears vulnerable to climate and land use changes. Across Borneo the 1997–1998 El Niño drought temporarily halted the carbon sink by increasing tree mortality, while fragmentation persistently offset the sink and turned many edge-affected forests into a carbon source to the atmosphere., The existence of a pan-tropical forest carbon sink remains uncertain due to the lack of data from Asia. Here, using direct on-the-ground observations, the authors confirm remaining intact forests in Borneo have provided a long-term carbon sink, but carbon net gains are vulnerable to drought and edge effects.

Wilayah Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta merupakan salah satu daerah rawan bencana banjir dengan naiknya tinggi permukaan air laut akibat pemanasan global. Kondisi ini bertambah buruk dengan semakin menyusutnya ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) dari sekitar 35 persen (1965) menjadi sekitar 9,3 persen (2009). Oleh karena itu kajian kebijakan pembangunan hutan kota di DKI Jakarta sanagt diperlukan sebagai proses pembelajaran bagi para pengelola perkotaan di Indonesia. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan kebijakan pembangunan hutan kota yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah (Pemda) provinsi DKI Jakarta. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan hutan kota merupakan suatu keniscayaan bagi pemda DKI Jakarta untuk mengurangi tingkat kerentanan terhadap bencana banjir dan sekaligus memperindah dan menjaga keasrian lingkungan perkotaan. Sejak keluarnya PP No. 63 Tahun 2002 tentang Hutan Kota dan UU No. 26 Tahun 2007 tentang Tata Ruang, pemda DKI Jakarta belum membuat peraturan-peraturan daerah terkait, tetapi sudah banyak upaya-upaya yang direalisasikan untuk mendukung pembangunan hutan kota melalui peningkatan luas RTH. Pemda DKI Jakarta terus berupaya meningkatkan luasan RTH secara konsisten dengan membongkar 93 bangunan di tepi sungai Kalibaru dan menutup 27 stasiun pengisian bahan bakar untuk umum(SPBU) yang berlokasi di jalur hijau dan mengalihfungsikannya sebagai RTH. Sumber-sumber pendanaan yang yang dapat dikumpulkan oleh Pemda DKI Jakarta untuk membiayai perluasan RTH adalah APBD, APBN, Pajak dan dana CSR dari perusahan besar nasional dan multi nasional yang berkantor pusat di Jakarta serta lembaga donor internasional yang peduli lingkungan.

Research on the biodiversity of flora and fauna in conservation forests in the petroleum/oil refinery industri is rarely done, this activity aims to obtain information on the biodiversity of flora and fauna, especially bird species. This research was conducted in in the Bukit Datuk Dumai forest area, Riau Province. Ploting a plot of 100 m x 100 m (1 ha) is made for flora biodiversity, for bird plots with a radius of 25 m scattered randomly at that location. The structure and composition of tree species with a diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm, saplings and seedlings were examined from a permanent measuring plot of one ha. There were 32 species of trees with a diameter of ≥ 10 cm and numbering 354 trees, belonging to 22 family, the largest species being Dipterocarpaceae. Species that dominate tree level stands are Garcinia dioca L. I VI = 39.67%, Gironniera subaequalis Planch. I VI = 30.39% and Ochanostachys amentaceae Mast. I VI = 30.26 %. The species in sapling level are Hopea mengarawan Miq., Gironniera subaequalis Planch. and Shorea acuminata Dyer. With I VI respectively 73.71%, 42.51% and 35.24%, seedlings of species Glochidion sp. With I VI 47.10%, Koompassia excelsa Taub. I VI 43.52% and Hopea mengarawan Miq . I VI24.62%. The number of bird species was found 33 with a diversity index of 2.63, an evenness index of 0.75 and a species richness index of 6.52. Keywords : structure, composition, regeneration, swamp forests, fauna, birds.

Background: While Borneo's forests are globally recognised for their diverse vegetation many regions remain uncharacterised. Aims: We examine the tree community in one hectare of lowland (hill) forest near the Malinau River. Methods: We objectively sited a 1-ha plot in primary forest. All stems over 30 cm girth were measured and identified. Results: Stem basal area was typical for Asian rain forests, but the numbers of stems (759) and species (205) were high. The most abundant species were Gluta wallichii, Cleistanthus bakonensis and Lithocarpus cantleyanus, while those contributing most to basal area were Shorea venulosa, Dipterocarpus lowii and Calophyllum lowii. Dipterocarpaceae was the dominant family amongst the largest stems and contributes a third of stand basal area (11.5 m2). Thirty-three secondary species contribute 24% of stems and 16% of the plot's basal area. Conclusions: This is one of the richest hectares of forest trees reported from Indonesia. Species possess broad edaphic preferences and diverse biogeographic affinities. Tree species density likely reflects disturbance history and climatic stability as well as a combination of site factors reflecting the complex local geology, rugged landscape context, and associated edaphic variation. Further botanical explorations in Malinau and other poorly known regions of Borneo are required.

KARTAWINATA, KUSWATA; SAMSOEDIN, ISMAYADI; HERIYANTO, M. AND AFRIASTINI, J. J. 2004. A tree species inventory in a one-hectare plot at the Batang Gadis National Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 12 (2): 145 – 157. The results of the inventory of trees with DBH = 10 cm shows that 184 species in 41 families, represented by 583 individuals with the total basal areas of 40.56 m² occurred in the one-hectare plot sampled. Together with the saplings and shrubs the number of species was 240 belonging to 47 families. The forest is richer in tree species than other lowland forests in North Sumatra, but poorer than those in Borneo and the Malay Peninsula. Dipterocarps constituted 18.42 % of total species with basal area of 18.99 m² or 46.82 % of the total basal area in the plot. The most prominent species was Shorea gibbosa. Hopea nigra, reported to be rare in Bangka and Belitung, occurred here as one of the ten leading species. The species-area curve shows that a considerable number of additional species was encountered more or less steadily up to one hectare and there was no indication of levelling off. A simulated profile diagram shows the forest may be stratified into five layers: (1) emergent layer, (2) upper canopy, (3) middle canopy, (4) lower canopy and (5) ground canopy. Dipterocarps were leading species in the emergent layer, upper canopy and middle canopy. Only 82 species were regenerating as represented by their presence in the sapling stage ranging from 5 to 50 plants/hectare. Macaranga lowii King ex Hook. f. dominated the section which seemed to be previously occupied by gaps.

Ecological and economic data are essential to the identification of tropical nontimber forest prod- ucts with the potential for sustainable and profitable extraction in a managed system. We studied the demo- graphic effect and economic returns of harvesting aromatic gaharu wood from fungus-infected trees of Aqui- laria malaccensis Lam. at Gunung Palung National Park, Indonesia, to evaluate the management potential of gaharu wood. Aquilaria malaccensis trees of � 20 cm in diameter occurred at low preharvest densities (0.16- 0.32 ha) but were distributed across five of six forest types surveyed. During a recent harvest, 75% of trees were felled, with harvest intensities ranging from 50% to 100% among forest types. Overall, 50% of trees con- tained gaharu wood, but trees at higher elevations contained gaharu wood more frequently (73%) than trees at lower elevation (27%). The mean density of regeneration (juveniles � 15 cm in height) near adult trees (3-7 m away) was 0.2/m 2 , 200 times greater than at random in the forest (10/ha), but long-term data on growth and survivorship are needed to determine whether regeneration is sufficient for population recovery. Gaharu wood extraction from Gunung Palung was very profitable for collectors, generating an estimated gross finan- cial return per day of US $8.80, triple the mean village wage. Yet, the estimated sustainable harvest of gaharu wood at natural tree densities generates a mean net present value of only $10.83/ha, much lower than that of commercial timber harvesting, the dominant forest use in Kalimantan. Returns per unit area could be im- proved substantially, however, by implementing known silvicultural methods to increase tree densities, in- crease the proportion of trees that produce gaharu wood, and shorten the time interval between successive harvests. The economic potential of gaharu wood is unusual among nontimber forest products and justifies experimental trials to develop small-scale cultivation methods.

This book for the first time brings together a suite of effective methods as a guidance on how to deal with the needs of local communities and biodiversity in landscapes required by decision makers. The techniques provide conventional biophysical descriptions of the landscape and explicitly relate this information to local needs, preferences and value systems. These methods can be used to guide future research and to make recommendations on options about land use and policy. The methods described in this report also provide a foundation for deeper dialogue with the forest communities.

This book for the first time brings together a suite of effective methods as a guidance on how to deal with the needs of local communities and biodiversity in landscapes required by decision makers. The techniques provide conventional biophysical descriptions of the landscape and explicitly relate this information to local needs, preferences and value systems. These methods can be used to guide future research and to make recommendations on options about land use and policy. The methods described in this report also provide a foundation for deeper dialogue with the forest communities.

This book for the first time brings together a suite of effective methods as a guidance on how to deal with the needs of local communities and biodiversity in landscapes required by decision makers. The techniques provide conventional biophysical descriptions of the landscape and explicitly relate this information to local needs, preferences and value systems. These methods can be used to guide future research and to make recommendations on options about land use and policy. The methods described in this report also provide a foundation for deeper dialogue with the forest communities.

Tropical forest people often suffer from the same processes that threaten biodiversity. An improved knowledge of what is important to local people could improve decision making. This article examines the usefulness of explicitly asking what is important to local people. Our examples draw on biodiversity surveys in East Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo). With local communities we characterized locally valued habitats, species, and sites, and their significance. This process clarified various priorities and threats, suggested refinements and limits to management options, and indicated issues requiring specific actions, further investigation, or both. It also shows how biological evaluations are more efficient with local guidance, and reveals potential for collaborations between local communities and those concerned with conservation. Such evaluations are a first step in facilitating the incorporation of local concerns into higher-level decision making. Conservationists who engage with local views can benefit from an expanded constituency, and from new opportunities for pursuing effective conservation.