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Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-hol-10.1177_09596836221121766 for Buffering new risks? Environmental, social and economic changes in the Turkana Basin during and after the African Humid Period by Elisabeth Hildebrand, Katherine M Grillo, Kendra L Chritz, Markus L Fischer, Steven T Goldstein, Anneke Janzen, Annett Junginger, Rahab N Kinyanjui, Emmanuel Ndiema, Elizabeth Sawchuk, Amanuel Beyin and Susan K Pfeiffer in The Holocene

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-4-hol-10.1177_09596836221121766 for Buffering new risks? Environmental, social and economic changes in the Turkana Basin during and after the African Humid Period by Elisabeth Hildebrand, Katherine M Grillo, Kendra L Chritz, Markus L Fischer, Steven T Goldstein, Anneke Janzen, Annett Junginger, Rahab N Kinyanjui, Emmanuel Ndiema, Elizabeth Sawchuk, Amanuel Beyin and Susan K Pfeiffer in The Holocene

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-hol-10.1177_09596836221121766 for Buffering new risks? Environmental, social and economic changes in the Turkana Basin during and after the African Humid Period by Elisabeth Hildebrand, Katherine M Grillo, Kendra L Chritz, Markus L Fischer, Steven T Goldstein, Anneke Janzen, Annett Junginger, Rahab N Kinyanjui, Emmanuel Ndiema, Elizabeth Sawchuk, Amanuel Beyin and Susan K Pfeiffer in The Holocene

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-hol-10.1177_09596836221121766 for Buffering new risks? Environmental, social and economic changes in the Turkana Basin during and after the African Humid Period by Elisabeth Hildebrand, Katherine M Grillo, Kendra L Chritz, Markus L Fischer, Steven T Goldstein, Anneke Janzen, Annett Junginger, Rahab N Kinyanjui, Emmanuel Ndiema, Elizabeth Sawchuk, Amanuel Beyin and Susan K Pfeiffer in The Holocene

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-hol-10.1177_09596836221121766 for Buffering new risks? Environmental, social and economic changes in the Turkana Basin during and after the African Humid Period by Elisabeth Hildebrand, Katherine M Grillo, Kendra L Chritz, Markus L Fischer, Steven T Goldstein, Anneke Janzen, Annett Junginger, Rahab N Kinyanjui, Emmanuel Ndiema, Elizabeth Sawchuk, Amanuel Beyin and Susan K Pfeiffer in The Holocene

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-hol-10.1177_09596836221121766 for Buffering new risks? Environmental, social and economic changes in the Turkana Basin during and after the African Humid Period by Elisabeth Hildebrand, Katherine M Grillo, Kendra L Chritz, Markus L Fischer, Steven T Goldstein, Anneke Janzen, Annett Junginger, Rahab N Kinyanjui, Emmanuel Ndiema, Elizabeth Sawchuk, Amanuel Beyin and Susan K Pfeiffer in The Holocene

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-4-hol-10.1177_09596836221121766 for Buffering new risks? Environmental, social and economic changes in the Turkana Basin during and after the African Humid Period by Elisabeth Hildebrand, Katherine M Grillo, Kendra L Chritz, Markus L Fischer, Steven T Goldstein, Anneke Janzen, Annett Junginger, Rahab N Kinyanjui, Emmanuel Ndiema, Elizabeth Sawchuk, Amanuel Beyin and Susan K Pfeiffer in The Holocene

Reconstructions of climatic and environmental conditions can contribute to current debates about the factors that influenced early human dispersal within and beyond Africa. Here we analyse a 200,000-year multi-proxy paleoclimate record from Chew Bahir, a tectonic lake basin in the southern Ethiopian rift. Our record reveals two modes of climate change, both associated temporally and regionally with a specific type of human behavior. The first is a long-term trend towards greater aridity between 200,000 and 60,000 years ago, modulated by precession-driven wet-dry cycles. Here, more favorable wetter environmental conditions may have facilitated long-range human expansion into new territory, while less favorable dry periods may have led to spatial constriction and isolation of local human populations. The second mode of climate change observed since 60,000 years ago mimics millennial to centennial-scale Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles and Heinrich events. We hypothesize that human populations may have responded to these shorter climate fluctuations with local dispersal between montane and lowland habitats.