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We report on 34 subjects from a small Italian town distributed among 13 different surnames. Their genealogies have been reconstructed to the most recent common ancestor, going back in a case to the 15th century, and their haplotypes at 12 Y-chromosome STR has been determined. Six surnames (14 subjects) did not show variation at any locus among isonymous individuals, whereas seven surnames (20 subjects) showed single-step differences at single loci (two in DYS391 and DYS390, the others in DYS385, DYS392 and DYS393); in addition, two subjects of two different surnames showed 8 and 9 locus differences, respectively.

Haplotype data of 1176 Italian males from 10 regions were obtained as a part of a collaborative validation exercise. Individual data are available at http://www.gefi-forensicDNA.it .

Within an Italian collaborative exercise on the extended haplotype of the Y-chromosome, 1288 subjects were typed by the AmpFlSTR YFiler Amplification Kit (AB Applied Biosystems) and other 526 were typed by the PowerPlex Y ® System (Promega). The sampling scheme included either a "regional" or a "local" recruitment, the first referring to individuals born in the region of the participating lab, the second referring to individuals coming from small villages. Total sample sizes were N =954 and 860, respectively. A significant decrease of haplotype diversity was found in the local samples. The results may be of interest in forensic applications of the Y-chromosome.

A sample of 1070 individuals was collected by 12 collaborating forensic laboratories from Central and Northern Italy, and typed by the so-called "NC01" triplex, including the three loci D10S1248, D14S1434, and D22S1045. Heterozygosities were 0.771, 0.717, and 0.720, respectively.

Allele and genotype frequencies for STR SE33 were obtained for a sample of 419 Italians in view of application in personal identification and paternity. D 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

The phylogenetic median-joining network algorithm applied to 111 Y-chromosomes from Tuscany typed at 10 STR loci showed the existence of at least two well-separated clusters of haplotypes. We suggest that they correspond to different haplogroups.

Six previously characterized STR loci with amplification products smaller than 125 bp have been typed in a sample of 100 unrelated subjects born in Tuscany, Italy, using a protocol involving two triplexes. These loci, called bminiSTRQ, represent promising tools for recovering genetic information from degraded DNA samples when standard loci generate partial profiles. D 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.

The tetrameric (ATTT) short tandem repeat HUMFES/FPS system, located on chromosome 15 (15q25-qter), displays a polymorphism (Polymeropoulos et al. 1991) which has been investigated for forensic purposes (Hammond et al. 1994). The aim of the present work was to study the polymorphism of this system in a large Italian population sample: 1) to verify allele frequency distribution, 2) to check whether allele frequencies show inter-regional differences, 3) to evaluate the effectiveness of this system for paternity testing and personal identification. For this purpose, collaborative research was performed on subjects from four Italian regions in laboratories of the Institutes of Legal Medicine of the Universities of Pavia (Lombardy), Parma (Emilia), Pisa (Tuscany) and Ancona (Marches).

Bf and C3 serum polymorphisms have not been extensively investigated until now in Italy and they are not routinely used in paternity testing in our Country.