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This research was intended to analyze the water quality of the Cikapundung River in Bandung City around the densely-inhabited slums and also to analyze the total number of bacteria coliform and Escherichia coli in the Cikapundung River, Bandung City. The research data was obtained by observing and performing a laboratory analysis through the assessment of environmental quality standard threshold based on the Government Regulation (PP) No. 82 of 2001. The results of laboratory analysis show that the actual condition of water quality of the Cikapundung River is overall classified as polluted, indicating 7 microbiological and physico-chemical parameters which have exceeded the quality standard such as : TSS, DO, BOD, COD, detergent/surfactant, total coliform, and Escherichia coli. In the upper part, there are 6 parameters below the quality standard, consisting of 4 physico-chemical parameters and 2 microbiological parameters. In the middle part, there are 8 parameters below the quality standard consisting of 6 physico-chemical parameters and 2 microbiological parameters. In the lower part, there are 6 parameters that exceeded the quality standard consisting of 4 physico-chemical parameters and 2 microbiological parameters. The seasonal difference of parameters averagely has shown that the water quality in the rainy season is better than in the dry season. However, on average, the water sampling taken before flowing to the village has a better quality than past the village.

This study aims 1) to determine the characteristics and patterns of community activities in sanitation management in the slum areas in Gorontalo City, 2) to find out the sanitary conditions in the slum areas in Gorontalo City, and 3) to find out the influence of communities’ behavior on environmental sanitation in the slum areas in Gorontalo City. This study was conducted in five slum areas in Gorontalo, those are Limba B Village, Biawao Village, Bugis Village, Botu Village, and Leato Selatan Village. The techniques and procedures used in this research are direct interviews and questionnaires with a Likert model of measurement scale. This study applies a quantitative method with Multiple Linear Regression analysis. This study discovers that 1) community characteristics and activity patterns are perceived by respondents in the good category. 2) The respondents perceive drainage, drinking water and clean water, wastewater, and solid waste in the good category. 3) The characteristics and patterns of community activities simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on environmental sanitation in slum areas, while partially only the activity patterns.

The arrangement of the slum settlement area is still a problem faced by the Makassar City Government. There are 740.10 hectares of slum areas in Makassar City, one of which is the Untia coast. This study aimed to analyze the advocacy coalition in slum area management. The research method used was a qualitative method. The results showed that at the beginning of 2019, Untia had become a light slum area from the previous heavy slum. This happened because Untia received many programs from the government for a relatively long time. This activity was a collaborative activity of several government institutions and Kotaku government agencies that are members of the Working Group (Pokja). Therefore, Untia is still in the category of a slum area, not because of a lack of assistance from the government, but rather because the programs implemented are not integrated. So, the result was that the settlements that receive the program only come out of the slum indicator partially. In addition, the institutions involved in the Working Group (Pokja) often overlap programs due to a lack of face-to-face communications.

Aceh Tengah District is one of the districts that have slum settlements. Based on the Decree of the Regent of Central Aceh No. 188.55 / 775 / DCKP / 2014, the determination of housing and slums in Central Aceh District includes 23 villages in 6 sub-districts, with a total area of 189.59 Ha. Bale Atu Village, located in Lut Tawar Subdistrict, is one of the very slum hamlets with a value of 4.22 and has a slum area of 0.56 Ha out of a total area of 2.5 Ha. Besides, Bale Atu Village is located in the center of Takengon City and a trade center as a strategic area, which must be immediately addressed so that slum areas do not expand. This study aims to evaluate the current level of a slum in the village of Bale Atu, and identify the current form of slum settlement. This research uses qualitative methods through observation and interviews and quantitative methods through a weighting system. Evaluation of the level of slum and handling is carried out based on the Technical Guidelines (Juknis) of the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing of the Republic of Indonesia (Permen PUPR RI) No. 02 / PRT / M / 2016. Evaluation of the level of slum includes aspects of slum conditions, aspects of land legality, and other aspects of consideration. The form of handling is based on the typology of slums and the physical handling of infrastructure. The results showed that the slum level of the settlements in Bale Atu Village was light slum with a total score of 23, and the slum level of all hamlets was a light slum where the total score of Dusun Barat was 31, Dusun Timur was 33, Dusun Utara was 29, and Dusun Selatan of 21. The form of slum settlement in Bale Atu Village is based on typology by handling hilly typology, and based on physical infrastructure, it is carried out through a restoration pattern. The handling of slum settlements in Bale Atu Village and all its hamlets is included in the 3rd priority scale of handling in Laut Tawar District.

Banjarmasin is the capital city of South Borneo province which known as city of one thousand rivers. But nowadays the expansion of riverside localities of Banjarmasin are uncontrolled and almost all of the areas are slums. Slum areas riverside commonly formed by many unorganized building that exceed the river’s borderline and the riverside localities’ behaviors such as throwing the garbage and taking a bath at the river. Our government now focused on handling program to overcome the expansion of riverside slum areas by 100-0-100 movement which means 100% for the water service, 0% for slum area expansion and 100% for sanitation accessibility. Data analysis was descriptive qualitative method with case study approach. Data were collected with observation, questionnaire and interview. Sampling technique was simple random sampling for sample in research location. Result shows that the dominant factors of slum areas at Kelayan riverside are unorganized buildings, uncontrolled garbage and waste management. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/lw.v12i2.4166

Cimahi City is one of the fast-growing cities located in the peri-urban area of the Bandung Metropolitan Area. Like other cities, Cimahi City is faced with the problem of eradicating slums. Based on the Final Report on the Plan for Prevention and Improvement of Urban Slum Quality 2017, the total of slum area in Cimahi City is 156.79 Ha and the sum of low-income were 5,097 households. This study aims to examine the relationship between the increase of low-income communities and the wide-area of slums. This study is qualitative research using secondary data obtained from the Final Report of RP2KP-KP 2017. To examine the relationship between the variables, we use a simple linear regression test with the SPSS Statistic software. The equation formed by the linear regression test follows the formula of Y=0.082+0.031X. The study shows that the increase of low-income communities influences the expansion of the slum area in Cimahi City. This shows that slum management cannot be oriented solely to physical projects. It needs socio-economic intervention to empower low-income communities to maintain their neighborhood sustainability.

Tambora sub-district is a sub-district that has the smallest area in West Jakarta with the largest population, causing Tambora sub-district to be a densely populated area. Population density which is not matched by the carrying capacity of the environment causes a region to become slum and prone to fire disasters. This study aims to analyze the level of risk of fire disasters in Tambora Subdistrict, West Jakarta. The methodology used in this study were the Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) analysis and fire disaster risk analysis by considering the relationship between the hazard and vulnerability variables. The results of the fire disaster risk analysis showed that the most dominant level of fire risk was a moderate risk level of 65.7%, a high risk level of 27.8% and the smallest was a low risk level of 6.5%. Viewed from the size of the area included in the medium and high risk of fire, indicating that Tambora Subdistrict is a subdistrict prone to fire and has a large potential loss of both property and life.

To reduce slum areas, the government of Semarang City has issued a decree of determination of slum areas in 2014 and initiated some slum upgrading activities from the central and local government. Kaligawe, as one of the areas close to the industrial estate and has many residents, is included in a slum area that must be handled. The slum area in Kaligawe consists of 7.35 hectares from RW 1 – RW 4. In addition to the description of the slum characteristics, residents' assessment is also needed regarding the neighborhood condition. This study aims to analyze residents’ assessment in Kaligawe as one of the slum areas in Semarang. This study applied a questionnaire survey that was distributed to 90 residents of Kelurahan Kaligawe slum area randomly from RW 1 – RW 4 and NUAP Kaligawe 2017 document review as the data collection source. The findings indicated that although Kaligawe has a low socioeconomic level, the residents’ assessment of Kaligawe’s neighborhood is overall good. It is because they are already used to live with recent neighborhood conditions, and also significant improvement resulted due to slum upgrading program in Kaligawe area.

This study aims to analyze the level of slum area in Subulussalam City. The location of the study is conducted in Subulussalam City, Aceh Province, based on the Decree of the Mayor of Subulussalam No. 188.45 / 101/2014 concerning the determination of the location of slums in Subulussalam City, there are 5 slum areas with a total area of ​​61.77 hectares spread across 5 villages in 5 sub-districts which receive priority handling of slums through the KOTAKU program. The result shows that slum areas in Subulussalam City showed similarities with the results of Anggara's analysis (2018) of slum areas in Tanjung Beringin District, Serdang Bedagai Regency, which is at Medium slum level with a score of 64.

A cross sectional study was carried out among school going children of Ganaktuli slum area in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. A total of 183 stool samples were collected from children of age between 5 and 16 years of both sexes during May, 2017 to April, 2018. Collected samples were examined using Formal-Ether Concentration technique. 61.20% samples were found positive for intestinal parasites. Eight species of parasites were identified, where Entamoeba histolytica (3.83%), Giardia lamblia (6.01%), Diphyllobothrium latum (3.28%), Paragonimus westermani (3.83%), Ascaris lumbricoides (24.59%), Trichuris trichiura (12.02%), Ancylostoma duodenale (5.46%) and Enterobius vermicularis (2.19%) was recorded. Male children showed higher (63.95%) prevalence than female (58.76%). The highest and lowest prevalence (82.46 and 39.29%) were found among 8 - 10 and 14 - 16 years children, respectively. The highest prevalence of E. histolytica (7.02%), A. lumbricoides (38.60%), T. trichiura (14.04%) and A. duodenale (8.77%) were observed in 8 - 10 years age group; G. lamblia (7.41%), P. westermani (5.56%) and E. vermicularis (3.70%) in 11 - 13 years age group and D. latum (6.90%) was found highest in 14 - 16 years age group. Statistically it was observed that age groups had significant association with parasitic infestation (p < 0.05) but prevalence did not alter significantly according to sexes (p > 0.05). Highest abundance of parasites was recorded for A. lumbricoides. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 67-75, 2019

Manokwari is a coastal city and the capital city of the Province which is considered as very strategic and growing city, making Manokwari more attract for jobs seeker. Many low- income people who migrate to Manokwari make densely populated and slum squatter settlements inevitable. Padarni Coastal Area is one of the urban areas with very poor environmental conditions, Irregular, disaster-prone settlements as well as basic facilities and infrastructure have not been realized properly so that the community cannot move and live properly. The results of the study were 6 causes of slum conditions: Socio-cultural Characteristics, level of urbanization, limited land, accessibility, facilities and infrastructure, and weak of government policies. With the concept of waterfront development, settlement arrangement activities are directed at the utilization of local potential, phasing improvement in the quality of settlements and sustainable slums prevention.

The older section of the population is increasing much faster than the total population. Older women bear a disproportionately low status in every aspects of life in Bangladesh. They have less control over their family income and family decision making. The objective of this study was to find out the situation of older women living at slum area. This is a descriptive data where data were collected from Dhaka city Bangladesh in slum area. In Bangladesh many older people spend their lives in poverty and ill health which is major risk for the elderly population. Poverty and exclusion are the greatest threats to the wellbeing of older people. They passed their very basic QoL with no proper humanitarian support. The policy maker should take the proper steps for improving their QoL as well as think about their basic rights.

Various environmental health diseases can arise as a result of slum settlements which indicate that environmental sanitation management inadequate and unhealthy, where housewives play an essential role in improving the health status of their families. This study aims to analyze the role of housewives in sanitation management in the slum areas of Palembang, which include the provision of clean water/drinking water, disposal of human waste (feces/latrines), garbage disposal, and wastewater disposal. Sampling method used Non-Probability Sampling with purposive sampling technique. The univariate data analysis technique was then carried out to determine the category level of the role of housewives, including active, participatory, and passive roles. The respondents consisted of 67 housewives from 37th neighbourhood (RT), RT 44, and RT 61 of the Lima Ulu Urban. The analysis of the role of housewives in environmental sanitation management shows a participatory role with a role achievement level of 57%. This role is considered not maximal enough in the management of basic sanitation in their area.

Background: Vector-borne diseases, especially arbiviruses transmitted by Aedes sp. mosquitos, should be a health policy priority in Brazil. Despite this urgency, there are significant limitations in the traditional surveillance system, such as lack of timely notification in identifying outbreaks at their onset and the systemic dismantling of entomological control in recent decades. Methods: Laboratory syndromic surveillance for acute febrile and/or exanthematous syndromes was developed at a health unit in a favela (Portuguese for slum) of the Federal District in order to identify the circulation of arboviruses transmitted by Aedes sp. mosquitos. Between June/2019 and March/2020, 131 valid participants were identified and tested by RT-PCR for dengue (by serotype), Zika and Chikungunya virus acute infection; and ELISA-IgM for dengue fever and Chikungunya 15-21 days after symptom onset, when the participant reported no respiratory signs (cough and/or coryza). The results obtained were compared with traditional epidemiological surveillance data for the study area. Results: At least 3 DENV-1 (2.3%), 4 DENV-2 (3%) and 1 CHIKV (0.7%) cases were confirmed in the laboratory, showing evidence of hyperendemicity even though laboratory syndromic surveillance had not reached the historic peak dengue fever months in the Federal District (April-May). When the results obtained here were compared with traditional epidemiological surveillance data, a significant discrepancy was observed, including underreporting of Chikungunya infection. Conclusions: in addition to the risks posed to the study population, the area investigated and its respective socioenvironmental profile may be a potential site for spreading the virus, given the cosmopolitan presence of Aedes sp. and human mobility in the Federal District. It is also suggested that traditional epidemiological surveillance may be notifying different acute viral infections such as dengue fever, while underreporting other arboviruses transmitted by Aedes sp. mosquitos in the Federal District.

The expansion of slum areas have been one of the critical challenges manifested with the rapid urbanization of the global south countries. As one of the metropolitan cities in Ethiopia, Gondar city experienced this problem for long time. This study aimed at investigating the adversities related to physical environment, means of survival, health situation and social network of residents in Gojjo sefer slum area in Gondar city. Qualitative phenomenological research design was employed to understand the real life experience of slum dweller in the study area. A total of 35 participants were purposively recruited in the study area. Accordingly, data was collected by in-depth interview, key informant interview and field observation. The findings show that, congested and poorly constructed housing, inadequate infrastructure and poor social service provision characterize the area. Most of the dwellers are immigrants from rural area. They have being suffered from varieties of problems such as low income, lack of health care services and are exposed to frequent disease such as diarrhea, fever and chronic illnesses. As copping strategy, dwellers in this area are mainly engaged in petty economic activities-small and informal business, daily labor, street vending and paid domestic works. Thus, the local government and nongovernmental organization should intervene to the area with appropriate urban planning and sustainable livelihood strategies.

The measurement of happiness index in Indonesia was conducted by Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) was first released in 2013 based on the result of study and representation of national level estimation. The approach taken is a life satisfaction, in which life satisfaction is believed to reflect the level of happiness. The city of Bandung is one of the cities that initiated the measurement of happiness index in Indonesia. Kampung Braga is one of Kampung Kota that still maintain its existence in the middle of the urban development. The neighborhood of Kampung Braga is considered as slum area and the buildings within break the river border line. According to than phenomena, the research question comes up, "How big is the level of happiness Kampung Braga neighborhood?". Variables used ini this research consist of happiness and spatial variables. The analysis used is descriptive quantitative by weighting and scoring on each variable. Based on the results, the happiness index of Kampung Braga neighborhood is 0.978 which belongs to the category of very happy. In forming proccess of happiness, the affective component contribution is relatively balanced with the cognitive. Spatially, people in RW 04 and RW 08 tend to be happier. This study proves that the people of Kampung Braga have the ability to adapt to the urban environment.

Slum especially in big cities such as Semarang City occurred not only in the inner city but also spread tothe suburbs of Semarang City, one of them in Banyumanik District. Based on the Decree of Mayor of Semarang no.050/801/2014 about Determination of Slum Location at Semarang City, there are 6 (six) urban villages inBanyumanik District which have slum areas. Determination of the slum area is based on the Semarang City SlumInventory Study from 2010 to 2014. As a consequence, it is known that the main problem causing the development of slum settlement is related to the availability of environmental infrastructures : road network, sanitation, clean water, and drainage. This research was conducted to determine the slum level in the slum areas located inBanyumanik district based on the availability of environmental infrastructure. The analysis included descriptive analysis to explain the characteristics of slum settlements and the availability of existing environmental infrastructure, and scoring analysis to determine the impact of the availability of this infrastructure on the slum level.Based on the results of the analysis, shows that the slum settlements in RT 01 / RW IV of Jabungan have the highestslum level in Banyumanik district.

Problems that occur in an urban level of uneven service facilities and infrastructure especially in the urban suburbs. This is also the case in Langkat Regency. The existence of these settlements is classified into squatters or slums that grow unplanned on unlicensed state land. The purpose of the research is to identify the slums, using the AHP method, starting from the collection of primary and secondary data, field observations, interviews, and documentation, which are then assessed against the criteria that have been set. The final result of the weighting resulted in the classification of the level of slums in the village. It is hoped that the results of this study can be useful for other research.

Settlement Region and Urban slum is a big problem that must be solved in the Development Process. In Medan, there are some urban slums, one of these slum areas is in Bagan Deli, Lingkungan Lorong Mesjid Village, Medan Belawan. This study aims to determine the factors that caused untidiness in this slum area. Methods of the study was conducted with direct observation on the region. The data that already obtained are used as basis of analysis for answering the problems of the study, namely to know the factors that caused untidiness in this slum area. From the results of research findings that there are 5 factors that cause untidiness, that are population density factor, income factor, land ownership factor, occupant behavior factor, and care services factors include the availability of facilities and infrastructure. After knowing the factors of untidiness in slum area, then will make the best solutions, that is revitalization (rebuilding) operating physical and socio-economic.

One of global warming impacts is sea levels rising. Fisherman settlements on the North coastal Surabaya is one of built enviromment that is affected by the threat from sea levels rising. Addtionally, this settlements faces severeal environmental problems including slums and housing density. Yet, this paper is limited only discussed the influence of fish processing activity area with the minimum housing area. The aim of study provides an alternative solution to these problems and to achieve feasible and sustainable fisherman settlements. The descriptive qualitative is used as a research method. The field survey was used to obtain data for design concept supports. Results shows the current location has still fit as fisherman settlement, then the open building concept is proposed to redesign fisherman housings. This design concept offers two aspects, namely adaptation and flexibility. The result shows that the concept of a vertical single housing unit in which is owened by single (one) family, which is fit with the limited area, approximately 28 square meters.

Intensified urbanization has caused a massive and uneven development in Makassar city. It affects to the lack of green area and growth of slum area. Thus, urban ecosystem health (UEH) is a first step toward assessing precisely the state of urban environmental quality by using geo-processing and spatial analyst tools in ArcGIS at regional scale. UEH indicator system was constructed to Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model with 16 assessment indicators. It was designated from extremely poor to very good condition to transfer the status of 139 sub-districts. As a result, from the perspective of spatial distribution, the city's UEH stand at normal and good condition with 44 and 36 sub-districts, 29.99% and 43.88% respectively. Meanwhile, the very good value of PSR factors mostly reached in response factors which indicates the enthusiastically awareness from government policy to overcome the environmental conditions and to improve management and quality of infrastructure.

Kampung kota or urban village has always been regarded as slum area and in most cases seen as not suitable as residential area. Efforts to evict by the government has always been a major issue. In reality, houses in kampung kota have a concept that is not different from the concept of the Tiny House Movement which has already happened in many countries. For people who live in urban areas, their homes can be considered as tiny houses. The only different is their appearance compared to tiny houses in other countries which have a considerably ‘nicer’ and ‘neater’ design. Living in a tiny house does not only mean living in a small house, but also adapting to a simpler, less consumptive, more connected to nature and caring for the environment. This paper will discuss how tiny houses in kampung kota can actually form a sustainable living. We explore part of Kampung Muka, Ancol, North Jakarta to observe their domestic spaces and conduct in-depth interviews with the residents. Through this investigation, we find that sustainable living had taken place in the life of the residents living in tiny houses in Kampung Muka.

Urban morphologies change over time. The dynamics and nature of morphological changes in informal settlements or slums have largely not been scientifically investigated. Consequently, it is necessary to fill the gap of the international demand for timeline analysis. In this work, earth observation (EO) is used to discover morphologic changes within eight years (2006-2014) in Nairobi’s major slum Kibera. Research mostly handles automated detection but in this study the classical visual image interpretation is applied on a very high level of detail capturing buildings in three dimensions. Consistencies and deviations in time are measured according to morphological variables. We find dynamics in the slum area high in terms of a 77% rise in number of buildings due to arising, splitting, upgrading or demolishing; at the same time, density increases only by 10%. Overall, the general pattern of complex, organic structure remains mostly unchanged.

The high population development of Padang City is faced with limited land for areas and its infrastructure, resulting in a dense and slum-prone environmental condition of the City. The Central Government, together with the Padang City Government, held a program aimed at rehabilitating slum areas with the KOTAKU (Kota Tanpa Kumuh) program. This policy needs to be evaluated with the identity of the distribution and typology of slum areas to see changes in the slum area spatially. This study aims to identify the distribution of slum areas and describe slum areas’ typology using spatial autocorrelation in the City of Padang. Based on the survey results, slum areas were identified in 45 (forty-five) well-known subdistrict in 11 districts with a total area of 129.16 hectares of slum areas. There are 8,282 households in slum identified areas in the City of Padang. The spatial typology of slum areas resulted in a p-value of 0.061, a z-score of 1.867, and a moran index of 0.095 with a clustered pattern. The influence of spatial dependence is presented by the distribution of Moran and sub-district in the City of Padang’s urban fringe area. This condition is supported by a result of the concentration of activities at the core of the Padang City sub-district, causing it to not develop in the urban fringes area.

The location with a high level of accessibility and affordability has a high development of built-up land, which in turn causes slum settlements. There are some biophysical factors, which can cause slum settlements, including road networks and city service centres. Pidie District is one of the districts in Aceh Province which has a slum prevalence of more than 50 hectares, where mostly are located in the District of Sigli City. For that reason, this current study aimed to identify the growth patterns of slum settlements in the Sigli City between 2008 and 2018 based on biophysical aspects. The approach used was spatial-based quantitative, where data on growth patterns of slum settlements were processed using ArcGis 10.6 software. Driving factors included were distance to roads, distance to river, distance to coastline, and distance to city service centre. The results showed that the change in land use into settlements was 101.33 Ha, of which 51.41 Ha were slum settlements. From this number, 26.84 Ha of slum settlements grew adjacent to the road, 14.66 Ha adjacent to the river, 5.49 Ha adjacent to the coastline, and 26.84 Ha adjacent to the city service centre.

Over the last few consecutive decades along with urbanization slum population has been raised. But unfortunately unsatisfactory water supply and sanitation systems are the main obstacles of their livelihood and they are suffering from many diseases. So our present study attempted to focus on the existence of pathogenic microorganisms in domestic water used by slum population along with drug resistant pattern of the isolated bacteria. Total 20 samples were collected and processed for microbiological action. Significant numbers of coliform bacteria especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. were found within the range of 102 to 104 cfu/ml. Conversely almost all samples exhibited fecal contamination except sample 5 and 6. Growth of fungus and other pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp. and Vibrio spp. also found in almost every sample. Total 10 available drugs were used against the identified isolates. Most of the identified bacteria were found to be sensitive against commonly used antibiotics. Resistance was found only against ampicilin, amoxycilin and vancomycin. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.7(1) 2017: 19-22

Background: Somatotype characteristics of 76 muslim women of same socio-economic status were studied from two slum areas of two different places, one in a metropolitan city and one in a suburban area in West Bengal. Women were selected on convenient way from two slum areas, one in Kolkata, the metropolitan city and one in Contai, suburban town of Medinipur district of West Bengal.Methods: Anthropometric measurement were taken for somatotyping. All measurements for each subject was taken in the same day to avoid Technical Error of Measurement (TEM).Results: All women were aged in between 22 and 38 year. Average height for the muslim women from Kolkata slum area was 150.7 (±3.5) cm and that of Contai was 151.6 (±6.5) cm. Average body weight of the muslim women form the Kolkata slum area was 59.7 (±6.0) kg whereas that of Contai slum area was 55.3 (±11.6) kg. The body type of Muslim women from Kolkata slum area was Mesomorphic Endomorph and that of Contai slum area was also Mesomorphic Endomorph. But the endomorph component of Muslim women from Kolkata slum area was 6.4 (±0.5) which was significantly higher from 5.9 (±0.8) Endomorph component of women from Contai slum area. Similarly mesomorph component of Muslim women from Contai slum area was 3.9(±0.8) which was significantly higher than 3.5(±0.4) mesomorph component of Muslim women from Kolkata slum area. No significant difference was observed in Ectomorph components which were 1.7 (±0.9) and 1.5 (±.09) for Kolkata and Contai respectively.Conclusions: Disparity was found in weight, endomorphy and mesomorphy but equity was found in height and ectomorphy. Equity in height and ectomorphy were due to same ethnical group but disparity in body weight, fattiness and muscularity were due to socio-cultural differences of two places where they live.

Sorosutan Subdistrict is located in Umbulharjo Subdistrict, Yogyakarta City. The development of Sorosutan Subdistrict is so rapid as indicated by the density of settlements and the complexity of the problems in it. One of these problems is related to settlement conditions. The condition of Sorosutan Subdistrict which has a slum area needs to be investigated on the quality of its settlements through assessment, weighting, and interpretation of Google Earth Imagery. The stage of determining the quality of settlements in this research is interpreting the imagery and determine the scoring of each parameter of settlement quality using GIS software. Based on the analysis of the results of data processing, it was found that the quality of settlements in Sorosutan Subdistrict is partly of medium quality of 54.27%, while good quality is 23.05% and bad quality is 22.68%. The distribution of good and bad quality settlements dominates the western and southern parts of Sorosutan Subdistrict. The distribution of settlement quality dominates the eastern part of Sorosutan Subdistrict. Hamlets which are decided as slum settlements in these qualities of settlements assessment have bad qualities in hamlet numbers 004 and 015.

The area, which is located in RW16, Kapuk, West Jakarta, is one of the residential areas which is categorized as one of the slum areas. This article is part of a research on directives to improve the quality of the environment of slums in RW16 Kapuk, West Jakarta. In this article, we will discuss the stages of identifying the characteristics of the environment of slums located at each level of slums found in RW16 Kapuk, Jakarta using the Descriptive Qualitative Analysis technique. After identification, the characteristics of slum area in the study area are obtained in terms of 5 aspects, namely physical, economic condition, availability of facilities and infrastructure, social, and also danger. (hazard).

Slum areas are basically the urban areas which are deprived of various amenities and necessities required for the well-being of its residents. The sufferings of the inhabitants of these areas are mainly in three broad aspects - physical, social and economic. The paper portrays the economic situation of the slum dwellers of Siliguri Municipal Corporation (SMC) area of West Bengal and its impact on the living conditions of slum dwellers of this area. The income and consumption pattern of the slum households of this area is presented in the paper. In order to get a better picture of the living conditions of the slum dwellers, the total slum area of SMC has been divided into inner slum and outer slum and an attempt has been made to find out whether the inner slum dwellers or the outer slum dwellers have better living conditions.

Kampung Jawa is a settlement located in the heart of Denpasar, the capital city of Denpasar. These Settlement actual name was Dusun Wanasari, but people of Denpasar usually call it “Kampung Jawa”. Kampung Jawa historical background can be traced back to year 1907, when many Javanese merchant came to bali to trade. These Javanese merchant later on given a land to buil their settlement by the Kingdom Badung. From 1907 until today (2020) Kampung Jawa have grown today 10.250 people live there. Slums area, is what the government of Denpasar terminology for Kampung Jawa because it is a highly dense populated area (10.250 people in 8.945 m2 settlement area). This research depart from the issue of Kampung Jawa as a slums area becoming a Government problems, but it must be having a unique characteristics, especially for their House Layout. This research conducted using exploratory and qualitatives methods. Exploratory for findings house typology and qualitative for digging reasons behind the typology and resident’s conditions in Kampung Jawa. Results dan findings shows that resident’s of Kampung Jawa lack of education, so they lack of “Labor” aspect that then affected their “Work” and “Action” aspects. Because of lack of “Labor” residents of Kampung Jawa didn’t get to know about better living, they just live with an efficient way as long as they can survive to live in Denpasar. These thought brought themn to create an efficient land use and as a results a mixed function house layout typology. From the finding, this research can conclude that Kampung Jawa’s Residents way of living was unique and can be said that they adapt to their condition and creat a Compact House according to their own criteria-mostly their occupation.

The research is carried out to assess factor affecting the health condition of the elderly people in the slum areas in Sylhet City. This research was quantitative type. In Quantitative approach, primary data were collected and used from the randomly selected elderly people in the Sylhet City slum areas. The secondary data were collected from many articles, documents, newspaper, magazine etc. By analyzing the survey data, it is illustrated that the slum dwellers are deprived from the basic needs. Meanwhile, elderly people can‟t fulfill their medical treatment due to their financial condition because of their work incompatibility. This study identifies the factor affecting health condition such as financial condition, lack of knowledge about proper medical facilities, communication gap between the authority and patient, unemployment, and so on. These factors also affect their health situation. Many diseases like asthma, heart disease are occurred. This study also mentions about the livelihood of slum people are so poor in condition. Due to financial condition, aged people can‟t take their proper treatment and their family member can‟t afford it. This study also understands that the people from slum areas are getting concerned about their medical care. They are easily going to the hospital and take their service because of low pricing. On the other hand, people are meanwhile stopped their treatment of financial situation. This study finds the health situation of elderly people at slum areas in metropolitan city and their consciousness.

The change of cultural order within the community living in slum area of Bang Bua, Thailand and that of indigenous settlement of Kampung Naga, Indonesia has transformed the built environment. This research focused on the settlement transformation and was done in Bang Bua in 2010 and in Kampung Naga in 2014. The research applies qualitative methods combined with gathering spatial that are related to spatial composition of the settlement. The research adapts the concept of cultural order theory developed by Habraken (1998). It is found that the transformation of settlement can been viewed from cultural order perspective. It is indicated that the change in thinking framework, community behavior, and the consensuses among community member have contributed the transformation. They are also connected and embedded with the space where the people live. © 2015 GJGP UNDIP. All rights reserved

A settlement is one of the vital necessities of human life besides food and clothing. The quantity and quality of settlements are an indicator of well-being. Moreover, at a broader scale, it is an indicator of a city’s welfare. The strong attraction of a growing city generates urbanization flowing from its surrounding villages. Poor people tend to be marginalized, living crammed in frail spaces or in illegal areas such as riverbanks and the periphery. Without drainage and waste services, these settlements will be transformed into a slum area. In this study, satellite imagery analysis is applied to identify the spread of slum area more efficiently. This research is a preliminary step in determining the slum area based on geographic imagery patterns and physical characteristics of Paser Regency. The results of this study are considered to be useful as basis data for determining preventive action to manage the slum area growth in the Paser Regency. Slum-level assessment is assigned through a scoring analysis of the character of every district over slum criteria. “Temporary building criteria” is no longer relevant to Paser Regency cases according to the AHP analysis result. Muara Langon and Uko villages are categorized as villages with low slum level. This study indicates that the villages having a moderate level include Muarakomam, Uko, Busui, Songka, Batu Kajang, Sungaiterik, Klempangsari, Keluanglolo, Sempulang, Janju, Tepian Batang, Kendarom, Modang, Sandeley, Semuntai, Lombok, Pait, Longikis, Krayan Bahagia, Kayungo, Busui, Krayanjaya, Long Kali, and Sebakung villages. The villages that can be categorized as a high slum level from this study are Kuaro, Tanah Grogot, Sungai Tuak, Tanah Periuk, Padang Jaya, and Rangan villages.

Vertical Kampung Kalianyar design was motivated by data and facts related to the city of Jakarta and some issue as a city that has problems of population density. Jakarta is not the only city that has a population density problems, almost all cities in Indonesia have similar problems against the background of the dominance of urbanization which resulted in the high number of population in urban areas. Most of the problems of population density pose problems of urban spatial structure damage caused by the emergence of slum areas or slums in urban areas some point including the city of Jakarta. Kampung is one of the many forms of settlement which is located in the slum area and pay attention to the spatial structure of the city badly. Kampung Kalianyar is one of the densely populated area in the city of Jakarta which has poor spatial structure. On the other hand, as the settlements, Kampung Kalianyar has its own values and character are formed from several things, one of which is a sense of togetherness with the similarity of the social level. Problem of density in Jakarta has tried to be solved by Jakarta Provincial Government with rumah susun program to accommodate flats dense settlements, but it is considered less than optimal because of the character of residents of rumah susun is not contained in it. This is the destination of Kampung Vertical Kalianyar with the basis of behavior architecture as design concept to accommodate the character of Kampung Kalianyar with methods of observation and mapping that is performed directly in Kampung Kalianyar to be applied into a new form named Kampung Vertical Kalianyar. Results from analysis through observation and mapping will be transformed into a new form as knwon as Kampung Vertical Kalianyar which is able to accommodate all the character and behavior of Kampung Kalianyar like life on the road space which has been the character and social value of Kampung Kalianyar and the units of home base enterprises in every floor level.

The development of slums in urban areas is inseparable of the increases in population and population activity. In addition, undirected and unplanned development also supports the degradation of the quality of residential environment. One area that is included in the slum area is located in Tanah Datar Sub-District. The residential area of Tanah Datar Sub-District is right in the heart of Pekanbaru city. Thus, living conditions and the welfare of the people who live in these settlements greatly affect the face of a city. The characteristics and conditions of slums in each region is different. Thus, this study aims to identify the condition of a residential area in order to determine alternatives to handling slum areas appropriately. The method used is exploratory descriptive of phenomena and facts relating to the condition of the community and the environment of slum areas based on real facts, expert opinion and the criteria of the Minister of PUPR Regulation Number 14/PRT/M/2018. The results showed that in achieving the goal of handling slum areas, the priority of government policy and budget allocation alignments be the most important factor. Then, strengthen government collaboration with relevant stakeholders and handling based on the priority scale required by the residential area.

Tual City, Maluku is one of the cities in Indonesia with slum problems. Based on Mayor Decree No. 182/2014, Tual City contains 15 slum areas with a total area of 133.89 Ha. One of which is Kiom, Ketsoblak Village, North Dullah Sub-district with an area of 2.2 Ha. Kiom is located at the waterfront of a fishermen’s settlement and has no legal permits. This paper aims to contribute to the development of tools for slum mapping, by using spatial information to characterize land use patterns, develop an area typology, as well as slum area mapping taxonomies. The typology of slum areas is based on seven physical criteria such as buildings, neighborhood roads, drinking water supply, drainage, wastewater treatment, waste management, fire protection and legality that identify Kiom as a slum area. Most building construction in Kiom is irregular and not in accordance with building standards. The slums in Kiom are categorized as illegitimate heavy slums. Thus, the best possible scheme is to legalize the land for urban renewal.

The purpose of this research is to identify factors inhibiting the implementation of the arrangement of the slum area plan for Banjarmasin City. The method used in this study uses purposive sampling data collection techniques, namely secondary and primary (Questionnaire, interview, observation/observation) in the city of Banjarmasin. The method of data analysis with the help of SPSS 25 is to find out the Data Validation and Reliability Tests for the inhibiting factors in the arrangement of slums, the inhibiting index of the inhibiting factors in the structuring of slums, and the partial F test to find out the significant levels of the factors inhibiting the implementation of slums. The results of the research that have been carried out that obtained 20 implementation factors and 8 factors inhibiting the implementation of the arrangement of slums are low community income, lack of community involvement in decision making, documents that are not of good quality, non-functioning KPP (Development Maintenance Group), the quality of community self-help groups still low, the difficulty of changing people's behavior.

The uncontrolled condition of settlements on the banks of the river city of Banjarmasin has made the settlements of the river banks as slums. Almost all river banks in each kelurahan are categorized as slums so that the actual river banks can be assets of the city of Banjarmasin, on the contrary, it is a bad face for the city. The program and arranging of structural slums in the river bank settlements in Kelurahan Sungai Bilu have indeed been carried out, but basically, they have not been successfully managed completely. Identification of the characteristics of riverbank slum settlements needs to be done to find out the aspects and variables that affect the slum of riverbank settlements to then formulate an appropriate arranging concept and can be implemented in riverbank slum settlements in the study location. Data analysis in identifying the characteristics of riverbank slum settlements is by presenting tabulated data on the results of a statistical questionnaire completed with mapping and field documentation and through narrative exposure. The theory triangulation analysis is used to formulate the concept of arranging suitable riverbank slum settlements and can be carried out at the research location. The results were obtained for the characteristics of slum settlements and the concept of arranging slum areas in the river banks in Kelurahan Sungai Bilu are arranging in aspects of the function and form of residential building mass, arranging environmental infrastructure, arranging environmental utility systems, arranging public and social facilities, and arranging on non-physical aspects.

Slums are one of the main problems in almost urban areas, especially in coastal areas such as in Jepara. However, the issue has not been handled comprehensively, but only partially, focusing on the physical aspects of slums only. One of the problems that have not been resolved in some slums is related to the environmental and social aspects of society. But so far, the assessment of slums by the government is still dominated by the physical aspect. This study aims to analyse the spatial assessment of slums area in Jepara City by combining physical and non-physical problems approach. The mixed method approach is chosen as the method used to answer the research objectives. By collecting primary data, secondary data and map overlay for locations that are still categorized as slum. The results show that the assessment of slum settlements in Jepara is still limited because it has not been analyzed related to socio-economic aspects in depth. In addition, the role of institutions or local communities is not strong enough yet to support the slum upgrading program. In essence, the government needs to re-examine the important indicators that need to be prioritized in the assessment of slums, so that the action handling can be done properly and comprehensively.

This paper presents an approach to automated identification of slum area change patterns in Hyderabad, India, using multi-year and multi-sensor very high resolution satellite imagery. It relies upon a lacunarity-based slum detection algorithm, combined with Canny- and LSD-based imagery pre-processing routines. This method outputs plausible and spatially explicit slum locations for the whole urban agglomeration of Hyderabad in years 2003 and 2010. The results indicate a considerable growth of area occupied by slums between these years and allow identification of trends in slum development in this urban agglomeration.

the proposed research is vital for the case study since it is linked to the environment spatial surrounding representative in Alexandria. The central section, especially disease schematic in the slum areas, like the manor of the Azbat-Aljama which is one of the largest slums, since it is densely populated, small in space and new in terms of method of treatment and technology implementation. The central section is also clear through the use of land readjustment planning system in respect of the way. As for the treatment of the technical implementation, it can appear through the use of digital system in the planning of data collection using a GPS device and recorded on a digital GIS database. The research is a pilot research study in the way of the treatment and technical implementation of the study itself. It assesses and takes advantage of the application results for assessing the requirements and material and physical resources. The crisis of dissemination is applied to a flat section which is the Middle district of Alexandria as a first stage for strategy city planning.