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2. What Works in Migrant Education? A Review of Evidence and Policy Options. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 22
- Author
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and Nusche, Deborah
- Abstract
Education plays an essential role in preparing the children of immigrants for participation in the labour market and society. Giving these children opportunities to fully develop their potential is vital for future economic growth and social cohesion in OECD countries. But migrant students in most OECD countries tend to have lower education outcomes than their native peers. Extensive previous research has described the system level, school level and individual level factors that influence the education outcomes of migrant students. Building on such previous research, this paper looks at the ways in which "education policies" can influence these factors to help provide better educational opportunities for migrant students. (Contains 7 footnotes.) [This review was prepared for the OECD Thematic Review on Migrant Education. It was presented and discussed at the Second Meeting of the Group of National Experts on the Education of Migrants in Paris on 13-14 October 2008.]
- Published
- 2009
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3. Higher Education Policies and Interdisciplinarity in Germany
- Author
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Leišyte, Liudvika, Rose, Anna-Lena, and Sterk-Zeeman, Nadine
- Abstract
Universities have increasingly been subjected to policy- and industry demands to produce multi- and interdisciplinary knowledge. This paper explores the extent to which different higher education policy instruments are used to promote interdisciplinarity in teaching and research at universities in the German higher education system comparing them across different federal states. Based on a manifest content analysis of higher education laws and performance agreements with universities in the 16 German states, we were able to distinguish between three types of states: Those a) with a general use of policy instruments aimed at all universities in a state, whereas considerable differences could be observed with regard to the degree of coercion (enabling versus prescriptive provisions) and scope (teaching or research), b) a directed use of policy instrument, targeting specific universities, and c) a hybrid use of policy instruments using both general and directed elements. This paper provides a novel mapping of the promotion of interdisciplinarity in German higher education policies through a variety of policy instruments and hereby contributes to the extant literature on interdisciplinarity in higher education.
- Published
- 2022
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4. Inclusion and Intellectual Disabilities: A Cross Cultural Review of Descriptions
- Author
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Taub, Deborah and Foster, Megan
- Abstract
The benefits of inclusive practices for students with intellectual disabilities have been demonstrated in several countries; however, large-scale inclusive practices remain elusive. Having a clear understanding of how researchers define the terms inclusion and intellectual disability would support more cross-cultural collaboration and facilitate the generalization of practices. Addressed in this paper is the question of what themes, if any, exist in conceptualizing inclusion and intellectual disability across the peer-reviewed research of six countries, three of which have been identified as highly inclusive and three that have been identified as minimally inclusive. These findings may be used to further research into barriers and opportunities for inclusive practices for students with intellectual disabilities.
- Published
- 2020
5. The History of Education in Hungary from the Mid-Nineteenth Century to Present Day
- Author
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Szabó, Zoltán András, Garai, Imre, and Németh, András
- Abstract
In our paper, we aim to give an overview about the emergence and evolvement of the history of education in Hungary. Nevertheless, we intend to surpass the traditional approach of giving a schematic description of these processes as we would like to depict the interconnectedness of the Hungarian history of education with the European research tendencies and the thematic variety of the Hungarian research activities. We used literature analysis, historical source analysis and descriptive statistical analysis as primary methods. Within Hungary, we pay special attention to the University of Budapest but we also reflect special peculiarities regarding the other full universities in the country. The Hungarian history of education followed the pathway of the German-speaking countries regarding the approach and the function until 1948. History of education had a self-legitimising role in the emerging national education system and modernised university environment; however, this characteristic feature did not exclude the incorporation of international research approaches. This function was slightly altered in the interwar period since leading researchers of the subfield contributed to maintaining the ideological coherence of the political structure. During the socialist period, researchers were expected to follow the directives of their Soviet colleagues; however, in the 1970s the homogeneity in themes and research approaches began loosening. As the result of the political regime change in 1989/1990, Hungarian research was given an opportunity to be integrated into the European exchange of ideas and implement research approaches prevalent in Western countries.
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- 2022
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6. Attitudes of MBA Students toward Entrepreneurship: A Cross-Cultural Study.
- Author
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Goddard, Robert D., III and Weihe, Hermann J.
- Abstract
This paper discusses a study that assessed the attitudes of MBA (Masters of Business Administration) students across two cultures, Germany and the United States, toward entrepreneurship. Specifically, the paper examines the motives for and the reservations about going into business for oneself in these countries. It is hypothesized that attitudes toward entrepreneurship vary across boundaries. Results are provided from a survey of 114 current MBA students enrolled in a German university and 84 MBA students from 2 southeastern U.S. universities. The study's results show that the a majority of German students would not consider going into business for themselves, while over 57 percent of the U.S. students indicated that going into business for themselves was at least a possibility. Some of the findings are as follows: (1) German students saw a future in the computer field while U.S. students looked at merchandising and exporting; (2) German students expressed a low interest in manufacturing; (3) lack of start-up capital was the primary fear of both U.S. and German students for going into business for themselves; and (4) both groups of students gave the ability to realize their own ideas, freedom of action and decision making, and economic independence as important motives for self-employment. Contains a 19-item bibliography. (GLR)
- Published
- 1992
7. Alternative Research Approaches: Development Strategies in Educational Technology.
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Beck, Klaus
- Abstract
It is not advisable to discuss Instructional Design (ID) problems without having previously clarified the paradigm issue. After a reconstruction of the "objectivist" and "constructivist" points of view, reasons for preferring a realistic position are outlined. On that basis the theoretical status of ID statements is elaborated as either theoretical or technological. Both statement types are shown to be the results of different research strategies, logically as well as pragmatically. Whether there are reasons to follow preferably one of these approaches is considered, but it turns out that it is not possible to make a rational choice. The growth of knowledge in the ID field will be enhanced if both strategies are followed under the condition that they keep connected to each other systematically. (Contains 24 references.) (Author/SLD)
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- 2000
8. The Changing Academic Profession in International and Quantitative Perspectives: A Focus on Teaching & Research Activities. Report of the International Conference on the Changing Academic Profession Project, 2010. RIHE International Seminar Reports. No.15
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Hiroshima University, Research Institute for Higher Education (Japan)
- Abstract
The Research Institute for Higher Education in Hiroshima University started a program of research on the Changing Academic Profession (CAP) in 2005. The fourth and final conference was held in Hiroshima in January 2010. The following papers are presented at the conference: (1) Differentiation and Integration of Research, Teaching and Learning in the Knowledge Society: From the Perspective of Japan (Akira Arimoto); (2) Comparing the Academic Research Productivity of Selected Societies (William K. Cummings); (3) Teaching and Research in Germany: Narrowing the Gaps between Institutional Types and Staff Categories? (Ulrich Teichler); (4) Teaching and Research in a Changing Environment: Academic Work in Italy (Michele Rostan); (5) Teaching and Research in Higher Education in South Africa: Transformation Issues (Philip Higgs, Leonie G. Higgs, Isaac M. Ntshoe, and Charste C. Wolhuter); (6) Teaching and Research Activities of the Chinese Academics (Futao Huang and Min Li); (7) Convergence and Divergence of Teaching and Research Activities in the Japanese Academic Profession (Yusuke Hasegawa and Naoyuki Ogata); (8) Teaching and Research in the Japanese Academic Profession: A Focus on Age and Gender (Hideto Fukudome and Naomi Kimoto); (9) Presenting Malaysian Academics to the World: What's Holding Us Back? (Ahmad Nurulazam Md Zain, Munir Shuib and Melissa Ng Lee Yen Abdullah); (10) Scholarship of Service: Faculty Perceptions, Workloads, and Reward Systems (Jung Cheol Shin); (11) The Divergent Worlds of Teaching and Research among Mexican Faculty: Tendencies and Implications (Jesus F. Galaz-Fontes, Jorge G. Martinez-Stack, Etty H. Estevez-Nenninger, Ana L. de-la-Cruz-Santana, Laura E. Padilla-Gonzalez, Manuel Gil-Anton, Juan J. Sevilla-Garcia, and Jose L. Arcos-Vega); (12) The Balance between Teaching and Research in the Work Life of American Academics, 1992-2007: Is It Changing? (Martin Finkelstein); and (13) Changes and Realities in Teaching and Research Activities of the Academy (Futao Huang). Appended are: (1) Conference Program; and (2) List of Participants. Individual papers contain tables, figure, footnotes and references.
- Published
- 2010
9. Two Hearts Beating in a Research Centers' Chest: How Scholars in Interdisciplinary Research Settings Cope with Monodisciplinary Deep Structures
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Woiwode, Hendrik and Froese, Anna
- Abstract
Interdisciplinary research is a popular mode of knowledge production that becomes intensively promoted by research centers all across the globe. Despite the facilitation of interdisciplinary research, however, scholars working in these centers are 'disciplined.' Career promotions, funding decisions and scientific publishing are based on peer-review procedures that tend to favor monodisciplinary research. This paper builds on a qualitative study with scholars in interdisciplinary research centers in Germany and asks how scholars cope with these monodisciplinary demands. After deriving a conceptual framework, the study identifies four coping strategies: disciplinary innovation, strategic compliance, niche-seeking, and field creation. Each of these strategies is characterized by a different degree of openness to knowledge bases of other disciplines and a different degree of proactivity towards monodisciplinary demands from the scientific field. The results illuminate how research agendas become disciplined despite interdisciplinary motivation and organizational support of interdisciplinary research.
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- 2021
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10. Extending Engineering Practice Research with Shared Qualitative Data
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Trevelyan, James
- Abstract
Research on engineering practice is scarce and sharing of qualitative research data can reduce the effort required for an aspiring researcher to obtain enough data from engineering workplaces to draw generalizable conclusions, both qualitative and quantitative. This paper describes how a large shareable qualitative data set on engineering practices was accumulated from 350 interviews and 12 field studies performed by the principal investigator and by students conducting PhD and capstone research projects. Ethical research practice required that sharing and reuse of qualitative data be considered from the start. The researchers' interests and methods were aligned to maintain sufficient consistency to support subsequent analysis and re-analysis of data. Analysis helped to answer questions of fundamental significance for engineering educators: what do engineers do, and why are the performances of engineering enterprises so different in South Asia compared with similar enterprises in Australia? Analysis also demonstrated the overwhelming significance of technical collaboration in engineering practice. Conceiving engineering practice as a series of technical collaboration performances requires a more elaborate understanding of social interactions than is currently the case in engineering schools. Another finding is that global engineering competency could be better described in terms of "working with people who collaborate differently". Research helped to demonstrate that formal treatment of technical collaboration in an engineering curriculum could help avoid student misconceptions about engineering practice that hinder their subsequent engineering performances.
- Published
- 2016
11. Hopes, Beliefs, and Concerns: Narratives in German and Portuguese Universities Regarding Brexit
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Seidenschnur, Tim, Veiga, Amélia, Jungblut, Jens, and Magalhães, António
- Abstract
This article contributes to the understanding of how different actors in the academic field perceive the challenges that Brexit poses for European higher education. Based on a narrative analysis of 28 interviews, this paper highlights how actors' narratives convene discursive elements stemming from competing discourses on cooperation and competition. In doing so, the exploratory study focuses on two countries, Portugal and Germany, which correspond to distinct cases regarding their performance in the European research and higher education landscape. The analysis highlights that there are national differences between the perceptions of Brexit and allows identifying commonalities in the narratives in both countries. In addition, we identify the presence of a pragmatic managerial attitude in response to Brexit. The three overarching narratives are the narrative of concerns, the narrative of hopes, and the narrative of beliefs. These narratives reflect the struggle of the cooperation and the competition discourses in ascribing meaning to Brexit. The competition discourse has assumed a dominant role in the perceptions of Brexit and cooperation is mainly fueled through the academics and their professional ethos.
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- 2020
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12. Transdisciplinary Institutionalization in Higher Education: A Two-Level Analysis
- Author
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Vienni Baptista, Bianca and Rojas-Castro, Silvia
- Abstract
In this paper, we focus on the institutionalization of transdisciplinarity (TD) in higher education institutions and how they institutionalize Transdisciplinarity (TD). As such, universities have engaged in different activities to enact TD policies that aim at incorporating TD in their research and teaching. We take the Methodology Center at the Leuphana University of Lüneburg as a case study. We analyze the institutionalization process of TD to shed light on the obstacles that TD faces to become a widespread policy and practice at universities. In adopting a neo-institutionalist approach in our research, we develop a two-level analysis that allow us to compare the formal characteristics given to TD policies with the actual TD practices taking place in universities. Our findings reveal that TD institutionalization at the Methodology Center is at a mid-level and that overall TD institutionalization is an iterative process, in which the two levels mutually can reinforce or hinder each other.
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- 2020
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13. How to Measure Research Efficiency in Higher Education? Research Grants vs. Publication Output
- Author
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Gralka, Sabine, Wohlrabe, Klaus, and Bornmann, Lutz
- Abstract
An ongoing debate in the literature on the efficiency of higher education institutions concerns the indicator for research output for use in empirical analysis. While several studies have chosen to use the number of publications as this indicator, others rely on the amount of research grants. The present study investigates whether both measures lead to a similar assessment of universities. In addition, the number of publications belonging to the 10% and 1% most frequently cited papers in the corresponding subject category and publication year are evaluated. We show that there is a high correlation of efficiency values between the estimations using these indicators. This correlation is slightly higher when the efficiency values result from a data envelopment analysis than when they are determined with a stochastic frontier analysis. The results of this study provide helpful guidelines for researchers evaluating the efficiency of universities and are valueable for decision-makers in science policy.
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- 2019
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14. Engineering Sciences in Today's World.
- Author
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International Council for Educational Development, New York, NY. and Leussink, Hans
- Abstract
The paper presented relates to the value of comparative studies in higher education. The problem discussed is one that transcends the country of origin: Germany. The publication is a translation of a paper delivered at the University of Karlsruhe in 1975 and speaks of the current dilemmas of science and engineering that are clearly universal. Engineering sciences in all fields of higher learning, but particularly in their relationship to the humanities are discussed. University systems outside Germany that are compared include the American, French, British, Soviet, and the Japanese. A summary evaluation of the current state of engineering science is included. (Author/EB)
- Published
- 1975
15. Eliciting the Institutional Myth: Exploring the Ethos of 'The University' in Germany and England
- Author
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Budd, Richard
- Abstract
This paper is situated in relation to a critical mass of largely censorious commentary around global policy trends purportedly undermining, or even realigning, universities' 'traditional' ethos, but where the student perspective on this appears to have been largely ignored. Drawing on interviews with German and English undergraduates, it applies the neo-institutional theory of organizational fields supported by regulative, cognitive, and normative pillars (Scott 1995. "Institutions and Organizations." Thousand Oaks: Sage). The latter pillar, representing a sector's values, methods, and goals, is of particular interest here, and it will be argued that this and an ethos may correspond. The findings show that a sense of the participants' understanding of a university ethos/normative pillar could be discerned, with significant convergence between the two groups. However at the same time there was also divergence both within and between them, and this raises a number of novel empirical and theoretical questions.
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- 2018
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16. Explaining Student Success in Engineering Education at Delft University of Technology: A Literature Synthesis
- Author
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van den Bogaard, M.
- Abstract
Student success is among the most widely researched areas in tertiary education. Generalisability of research in this field is problematic due to cultural and structural differences between countries, institutions and programmes where the research is done. Engineering education in the Netherlands has not been studied in depth. In this paper, outcomes of studies done outside and inside engineering and outside and inside the Netherlands are discussed to help understand the complexity of student retention issues. Although generalisation is an issue, there are a number of concepts and variables that surface in many of these studies, including students' background and disposition variables, education attributes, variables concerning educational climate and student behaviour. How these variables are related and how a university can apply the outcomes of research in this field of study are discussed in this paper. (Contains 1 table, 3 figures and 2 notes.)
- Published
- 2012
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17. Composition of Junior Research Groups and Phd Completion Rate: Disciplinary Differences and Policy Implications
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Pull, Kerstin, Pferdmenges, Birgit, and Backes-Gellner, Uschi
- Abstract
This paper explores the link between the composition and the performance of junior research groups. The authors argue that the heterogeneity-performance link depends on the type of heterogeneity (cultural vs. study field) and on the disciplinary area. The authors test their hypotheses on a data set of 45 junior research groups and find a U-shaped relation between cultural heterogeneity and performance in the humanities and social sciences, but no link between the two in the natural sciences. The link between study field heterogeneity and performance in the natural sciences is negative, and in the humanities and social sciences study field heterogeneity and performance are not related. Interaction within the group helps reap the benefits of heterogeneity. The study results are derived in the context of junior research groups in Germany, but are generalizable to other countries and contexts where PhD education is taking part in groups.
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- 2016
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18. University Autonomy: A New Analysis.
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Lane, J. E.
- Abstract
A theory of university autonomy is evolved that considers such elements as research, student recruitment and admission, physical environment, and administrative organization. The higher education systems of Sweden (before and after reform), Germany, the United States, and Britain are compared. (MSE)
- Published
- 1981
19. Places of Inquiry: Research and Advanced Education in Modern Universities.
- Author
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Clark, Burton R. and Clark, Burton R.
- Abstract
This volume, the second in a two-volume work, builds on an international study of the research university in Germany, Britain, France, the United States and Japan, to explore the role and function of the research university and the relationship between teaching, research and graduate study. Part 1 lays the foundation for comparative analysis by depicting national configurations of advanced education and research organization. Chapter 1 establishes the 19th Century baseline for cross-national comparison by depicting how German universities developed and expressed a research outlook. Chapter 2 depicts the evolution and current structure of British higher education that highlights the strain placed on "post-graduate" education and its research underpinnings by nationalization of previously autonomous universities. Chapter 3 considers research activity and training within the high exceptionalism of French higher education. Chapter 4 looks at the United States and its competitive graduate schools; chapter 5 at the relationship between graduate education and industry in Japan. In Part 2 the concept of a research-teaching-study nexus is established as an organizing idea. Chapter 6 sets forth fragmenting forces. Chapter 7 examines current versions of the Humboldtian ideal. The final chapter points to the necessity of basing analysis and reform on a knowledge or inquiry model of modern systems of higher education. An index is included. (Contains approximately 230 references.) (JB)
- Published
- 1995
20. Health Promotion for Adolescents: Preventive and Corrective Strategies against Problem Behavior.
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Hurrelmann, Klaus
- Abstract
Reviews research on problem behavior in adolescence. Discusses implications of this research, distinguishing between different stages in the process by which problem behavior emerges and separates "preventive" from "corrective" forms of intervention. Discusses implications for social policy. (Author/ABL)
- Published
- 1990
21. Annual Adult Education Research Conference. Proceedings (20th, Ann Arbor, Michigan, April 4-6, 1979).
- Abstract
Papers from numerous research areas in the adult education field are presented. The proceedings contain thirty-five papers, five symposia, one alternate symposium, and eighteen alternate papers. Among the papers included are "A Comparison of Approaches to Measuring Outcomes in Adult Basic Education,""A Critical Analysis of Hill's 'Cognitive Style Inventory',""A Mathematical Programming Model to Recognize Conflict in Adult Education Program Selection,""A Normative Field Study of Community-Based Senior Group Programs as Settings for Learning Activities for Older Adults,""A Social Systems Approach to the Analysis of Community Development Pilot Projects,""A Study of the Impact of Public Opinion upon Educational Decision-Makers,""A Test of Piagetian Cognitive Development Theory Applied to Small Groups,""An Attempt at Theory Building from Literature and Field Data,""Automatic Interaction Detector,""Crisis in the Steel Industry: Effects of Mass Unemployment on Educational and Vocational Goals and Activities,""Critical Consciousness and Social Structure in Rural Zaire,""Determinants of Intention to Participate in Continuing Professional Education: An Empirical Investigation,""Development and Validation of a Normative Process Model for Determining Priority of Need in Community Adult Education,""Effectiveness of Voluntary Citizen Advocacy Activities,""Field Methods for an Inductive Approach," and "Immigrant Adult Education: Tasks of Adaptation." (CSS)
- Published
- 1979
22. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and Chemistry Education
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Burmeister, Mareike, Rauch, Franz, and Eilks, Ingo
- Abstract
The years between 2005 and 2014 have been declared as a worldwide Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD) by the United Nations. DESD's intended purpose is to promote and more thoroughly focus education as a crucial tool preparing young people to be responsible future citizens, so that our future generations can shape society in a sustainable manner. All educational levels and domains are to be involved in contributing to ESD, including chemistry. This paper reflects upon the meaning of the UN's challenge and on what ESD pedagogy will mean for chemistry education. Additionally, it provides an overview of different models suggesting how such integration of sustainability issues can be compatible with chemistry education. Various consequences and implications arising from this approach will also be discussed. (Contains 1 table and 2 figures.)
- Published
- 2012
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23. Higher Education R&D and Productivity Growth: An Empirical Study on High-Income OECD Countries
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Eid, Ashraf
- Abstract
This paper is a macro study on higher education R&D and its impact on productivity growth. I measure the social rate of return on higher education R&D in 17 high-income OECD countries using country level data on the percentage of gross expenditure on R&D performed by higher education, business, and government sectors over the period 1981-2006. Empirical results suggest that lagged R&D performed by higher education is positively affecting productivity growth in all specifications. The long-run propensity of productivity growth to R&D performed by the higher education sector is also found to be positive and significant while it is found be insignificant to business R&D. (Contains 13 notes, 3 figures and 8 tables.)
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- 2012
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24. Architectures, Representations and Processes of Language Production
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Alario, F.-Xavier, Costa, Albert, Ferreira, Victor S., and Pickering, Martin J.
- Abstract
The authors present an overview of recent research conducted in the field of language production based on papers presented at the first edition of the International Workshop on Language Production (Marseille, France, September 2004). This article comprises two main parts. In the first part, consisting of three sections, the authors review the articles that are included in this Special Issue. These three sections deal with three different topics of general interest for models of language production: (A) the general organisational principles of the language production system, (B) several aspects of the lexical selection process and (C) the representations and processes used during syntactic encoding. In the second part, the authors discuss future directions for research in the field of language production, given the considerable developments that have occurred in recent years. [The organisation of the workshop and the writing of this article were made possible by financial support from the following institutions: Ville de Marseille, Conseil General des Bouches du Rhone, Institut Federatif de Recherche 131: Sciences du Cerveau et de la Cognition, Universite' de Provence (BQR grant Bonus Qualite Recherche).]
- Published
- 2006
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25. Communication Patterns in Normal and Disturbed Families.
- Author
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Angermeyer, Matthias C. and Hecker, Hartmut
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A study of formal communication in 30 families each with a schizophrenic son and 28 families, each with a "normal" son was conducted in Germany. By means of factor analysis four types of formal speech behavior were identified using musical terminology: "staccato," a highly fragmented flow of conversation with high turnover rate; "solo" in which verbal inactivity dominated; "tutti," very lively conversation with frequent interruption; and "legato," long periods of simultaneous speech and a low turnover rate. "Staccato" was the only type of speech behavior showing a relationshiP with social class. It was much more strongly represented in the conversation of lower class than middle class families. The speech patterns that were examined showed no relation to the age of the family members. The families with the schizophrenic sons showed an excess of "solo" and a lack of "tutti." These were the only two factors that significantly discriminated between the two groups of families. Families with a schizophrenic patient who had to be readmitted within two years after the first discharge from psychiatric inpatient treatment showed a trend to a lower degree of "tutti." (MKM)
- Published
- 1980
26. How the PhD Came to Britain. A Century of Struggle for Postgraduate Education. SRHE Monograph 54.
- Author
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Society for Research into Higher Education, Ltd., London (England). and Simpson, Renate
- Abstract
The development of postgraduate studies and the establishment of the Ph.D. in Britain are discussed. Events leading to the introduction of the Ph.D. degree between 1917 and 1920 are traced, and Germany and America's influence on the acceptance of postgraduate education and research in Britain is addressed. An analysis of the highly developed college system peculiar to the ancient English universities is included to identify factors that delayed the introduction of the Ph.D. in Britain. Individual provincial universities are chronicled, together with Cambridge, London, Scotland, Wales, and Oxford (the first to institute the Ph.D.). In analyzing the political forces at work in the inception of the research degree, attention is directed to the vital role played by the Universities Bureau of the British Empire (predecessor of the Association of Commonwealth Universities) and the pressures exerted by government to persuade the universities to cooperate with each other in providing postgradute courses and degrees. It is concluded that the arrival of the Ph.D. at British universities symbolized the modern era of organized training in research that was conceived and nurtured in Germany and imported and commercialized by America. (SW)
- Published
- 1983
27. The Graduate Tradition and Experiential Learning.
- Author
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Maehl, William H.
- Abstract
The historic sources of graduate study in the United States, specifically the German influence, are examined, and the relationship of current experiential learning to past traditions of graduate study is discussed. Greater flexibility in the use of experience in graduate instruction and research is suggested. (MLW)
- Published
- 1982
28. Preventive and health‐promoting activities in general practices in Germany: A scoping review.
- Author
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Dieckelmann, Mirjam, Schütze, Dania, Gerber, Meike, Siebenhofer, Andrea, and Engler, Jennifer
- Subjects
HEALTH education ,RESEARCH ,OUTPATIENT medical care ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,COUNSELING ,FAMILY medicine ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,PREVENTIVE health services ,INFORMATION literacy ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,LITERATURE reviews ,MEDLINE ,HEALTH promotion ,PRINT materials - Abstract
General practices are rooted in the local community and considered to be particularly well‐positioned for engaging in preventive and health‐promoting activities. The overall aim of the scoping review is to identify priorities and gaps in research published in the past 20 years on preventive and health‐promoting activities provided by general practitioners or their teams in general practices in Germany. MEDLINE and Embase databases were systematically searched in November 2020. Papers were selected in dual‐review mode and extracted in single‐review mode. Data analysis was finished by May 2021. In total, 530 papers were included in the synthesis. Little research has been carried out into collaboration opportunities both within the general practice team and in communities as a whole, with specialists (18%), hospitals (9%), and health insurance companies (6%) being the most frequent cooperation partners of GPs. 15%–20% of papers each dealt with 'early detection', 'information provision' and 'cardiovascular prevention'. Secondary (53%) and tertiary prevention (43%) was more often the subject of research than primary (39%) and quaternary prevention (15%). Healthy subjects (26%) were less often studied than people with pre‐existing conditions (42%) and risk factors (48%). Little information was available on preventive activities in terms of gender, young people, migration background, housing conditions or educational background. Personal counselling (15%) was the most frequently described approach to health promotion in general practices, along with printed information materials (10%). This scoping review provides information on which to base targeted interventions and future research that can contribute towards transforming general practices into promoters of health within the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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29. SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in a Berlin Kindergarten Environment: A Cross-Sectional Study, September 2021.
- Author
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Bernhard, Julian, Theuring, Stefanie, van Loon, Welmoed, Mall, Marcus A., Seybold, Joachim, Kurth, Tobias, Rubio-Acero, Raquel, Wieser, Andreas, and Mockenhaupt, Frank P.
- Subjects
SCHOOL environment ,CROSS-sectional method ,IMMUNIZATION ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling ,INTERVIEWING ,BLOOD collection ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,COLLEGE teachers ,FAMILIES ,ODDS ratio ,RESEARCH ,MEDICAL masks ,SEROPREVALENCE ,DATA analysis software ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,COVID-19 ,CHILDREN - Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 serology may be helpful to retrospectively understand infection dynamics in specific settings including kindergartens. We assessed SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in individuals connected to kindergartens in Berlin, Germany in September 2021. Children, staff, and household members from 12 randomly selected kindergartens were interviewed on COVID-19 history and sociodemographic parameters. Blood samples were collected on filter paper. SARS-CoV-2 anti-S and anti-N antibodies were assessed using Roche Elecsys. We assessed seroprevalence and the proportion of so far unrecognized SARS-CoV-2 infections. We included 277 participants, comprising 48 (17.3%) kindergarten children, 37 (13.4%) staff, and 192 (69.3%) household members. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were present in 65.0%, and 52.7% of all participants were vaccinated. Evidence of previous infection was observed in 16.7% of kindergarten children, 16.2% of staff, and 10.4% of household members. Undiagnosed infections were observed in 12.5%, 5.4%, and 3.6%, respectively. Preceding infections were associated with facemask neglect. In conclusion, two-thirds of our cohort were SARS-CoV-2 seroreactive in September 2021, largely as a result of vaccination in adults. Kindergarten children showed the highest proportion of non-vaccine-induced seropositivity and an increased proportion of previously unrecognized SARS-CoV-2 infection. Silent infections in pre-school children need to be considered when interpreting SARS-CoV-2 infections in the kindergarten context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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30. Prevalence and risk factors associated with recreational stimulant use among Berlin college students.
- Author
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Martenson, Anna, Viohl, Leonard, Ernst, Felicitas, Petzold, Moritz Bruno, and Betzler, Felix
- Subjects
SUBSTANCE abuse risk factors ,RISK assessment ,COCAINE ,SEXUAL orientation ,METHAMPHETAMINE ,RISK-taking behavior ,GAY people ,ACADEMIC medical centers ,T-test (Statistics) ,HUMAN sexuality ,ECSTASY (Drug) ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,SEX distribution ,SMOKING ,FISHER exact test ,CENTRAL nervous system ,POLYPHARMACY ,AMPHETAMINES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,DRUG abuse ,RESEARCH ,COLLEGE students ,DRUGS ,ALCOHOL drinking ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DATA analysis software ,DRUGS of abuse - Abstract
College students have been recognized as a risk group for substance use. Nevertheless, coherent risk factors for stimulant use remain to be elucidated. The objective of this paper is to identify risk factors associated with the recreational use of MDMA, cocaine, amphetamine and methamphetamine. An online questionnaire was distributed among colleges in Berlin. A sample of 12,914 college students participated, of which 9,382 met the inclusion criteria. Past-month prevalence was 7.0% for MDMA, 6.7% for amphetamine, 5.8% for cocaine and 0.1% for methamphetamine. Associated factors included male gender, "other" gender, homosexual and bisexual orientation, open relationship status or being single, engaging in sexual risk-taking behavior, having a psychiatric diagnosis, tobacco use, drinking alcohol and an increased number of (illicit) substances consumed in the past month and in life. Berlin college students showed a substantially higher prevalence of stimulant use compared to both the general population and college students in other cities. Certain parameters, e.g., polydrug use, were particularly high in this group. The results can be used in further development of prevention efforts. However, conclusions about causality are limited by the cross-sectional nature of this study, highlighting the necessity for longitudinal studies in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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31. Die „tiefe Internationalisierung" der deutschen Kommunikationswissenschaft? Eine Evaluation der Personal- und Forschungsstrukturen sowie der Lehrprogramme deutscher Hochschulen.
- Author
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Richter, Carola, Grüne, Anne, Hafez, Kai, Fiedler, Anke, Behmer, Markus, Horz-Ishak, Christine, Badr, Hanan, Litvinenko, Anna, Hahn, Oliver, Radue, Melanie, Sarısakaloğlu, Aynur, Löffelholz, Martin, Fengler, Susanne, Illg, Beate, Hamidi, Kefa, Hanitzsch, Thomas, and Thomaß, Barbara
- Subjects
EDUCATION policy ,INTERNATIONAL organization ,TEACHER educators ,VALUES (Ethics) ,GLOBALIZATION - Abstract
Copyright of Global Media Journal: German Edition is the property of Global Media Journal: German Edition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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32. Internationally trained nurses and host nurses' perceptions of safety culture, work-life-balance, burnout, and job demand during workplace integration: a cross-sectional study.
- Author
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Roth, Catharina, Berger, Sarah, Krug, Katja, Mahler, Cornelia, and Wensing, Michel
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout ,WORK environment ,RESEARCH ,SCHOOL environment ,CROSS-sectional method ,PROFESSIONAL employee training ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,SENSORY perception ,WORK-life balance ,MEDICAL cooperation ,FOREIGN nurses ,PSYCHOLOGY of nurses ,EMPLOYEES' workload ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CORPORATE culture - Abstract
Background: The shortage of qualified nurses is a problem of growing concern in many countries. Recruitment of internationally trained nurses has been used to address this shortage, but successful integration in the workplace is complex and resource intensive. For effective recruitment and retention, it is important to identify why nurses migrate and if their expectations are met to ensure their successful integration and promote a satisfying work climate for the entire nursing team. The aim of this study was to examine the perceptions of safety culture, work-life-balance, burnout and job demand of internationally trained nurses and associated host nurses in German hospitals. Methods: A multicentric, cross-sectional study was conducted with internationally trained nurses (n = 64) and host nurses (n = 103) employed at two university hospitals in the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany. An anonymous paper-based survey was conducted between August 2019 and April 2020. The questionnaire included sociodemographic questions, questions regarding factors related to migration, and the German version of the Assessment of your work setting Safety, Communication, Operational Reliability, and Engagement (SCORE) questionnaire. SCORE is divided into three sections: Safety Culture Domains (six subscales), Work-Life-Balance (one subscale), and Engagement Assessment Tool (four subscales). Results: Nurses who migrated to Germany were primarily seeking better working conditions, a higher standard of living, and professional development opportunities. Internationally trained nurses reported lower work-related burnout climate (Mean 55.4 (SD 22.5)) than host nurses (Mean 66.4 (SD 23.5)) but still at a moderately high degree (Safety Culture Domains). Host nurses indicated a higher workload (Mean 4.06 (SD 0.65)) (Engagement Assessment Tool) and a lower Work-Life-Balance (Mean 2.31 (SD 0.66)) (Work-Life-Balance) compared to nurses who trained abroad (Mean 3.67 (SD 0.81) and Mean 2.02 (SD 0.86), respectively). No differences were detected for the other subscales. The Safety Culture Domains and Engagement Assessment Tool showed room for improvement in both groups. Conclusion: The study suggest that the expectations migrant nurses had prior to migration may not be met and that in turn could have a negative impact on the integration process and their retention. With increasing recruitment of internationally trained nurses from within Europe but also overseas, it is crucial to identify factors that retain migrant nurses and assist integration. Trial registration: The study has been prospectively registered (27 June 2019) at the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS00017465). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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33. Institutional persistence through gradual organizational adaptation: Analysis of national laboratories in the USA and Germany.
- Author
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Hallonsten, Olof and Heinze, Thomas
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT laboratories ,MANAGEMENT science ,RESEARCH - Abstract
This paper discusses the institutional persistence of systems of national laboratories (SNLs) that unlike other public and private research organizations appear to have experienced only minor institutional shifts in recent years. Although national laboratories started as time-limited mission-oriented projects, most of them have remained in operation as continuously renewed multi-purpose organizations. By comparing the SNLs in Germany and the USA, this paper discusses the relationship between the system and the organizational level and concludes that incremental organizational rearrangements have enabled the institutional persistence of SNLs despite considerable changes in their political and funding environments. The paper applies recent advances in institutional theory and thus contributes to a better understanding of institutional change in path-dependent public R&D systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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34. German training revisited: an appraisal of corporatist governance.
- Author
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Lange, Thomas
- Subjects
RESEARCH ,CORPORATE governance ,TRAINING ,CORPORATE state ,ECONOMIC research ,APPRENTICESHIP programs - Abstract
Purpose |!|#8211; The aim of this paper is to re-examine the unique political economy of Germany|!|#39;s dual apprenticeship training model and its underlying philosophy of corporatist governance. It responds to recent arguments suggesting that Germany|!|#39;s collectivist skill regime is under threat, increasingly giving way to the introduction of |!|#34;segmentalism|!|#34;. Design/methodology/approach |!|#8211; The paper reviews the political roots of a training system, which is moulded and shaped by corporatist interventions and neocorporatist compromises. It applies |!|#34;public choice|!|#34; theory to different interest groups in Germany|!|#39;s training market. The focus is on the German apprenticeship system as a social and political institution. The paper is positioned in the tradition of inductive enquiry, which draws on an interpretive framework and is informed by reference to a cross-section of the extant literature in several social science disciplines. Findings |!|#8211; The German training system is the product of a wider post-war consensus, yet continues to face social inequality concerns, which culminate in significant economic and societal costs. Despite modernisation attempts, the German apprenticeship is the outcome of a complicated political process, linked to its historical origins, which allows for a considerable degree of self-interest alongside its corporatist roots and values. Amongst Germany|!|#39;s social partners, heterogeneous self-interests and corporatism can co-exist, thus identifying an alternative model to collectivism and segmentalism. Originality/value |!|#8211; The paper rejects recent suggestions that the German system moves towards a model of |!|#34;segmentalism|!|#34;. Instead, it interprets the German system as an example for a specific socio-political constellation where significant self-interests and corporatist rules can co-exist. Against this background, it demonstrates that continuing demands to copy the German apprenticeship model |!|#8211; if thought desirable |!|#8211; are unlikely to be successful unless this tangled web of political processes and interests is fully understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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35. Staying connected: implementing avatar robots at schools in Germany and Japan.
- Author
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Spoden, Celia and Ema, Arisa
- Subjects
WORK ,SCHOOL environment ,INTERNET access ,HIGH schools ,PSYCHOLOGY of teachers ,HUMAN services programs ,QUALITATIVE research ,ACUTE diseases ,JOB absenteeism ,PSYCHOLOGY of children with disabilities ,RESEARCH funding ,ELEMENTARY schools ,SCHOOLS ,INTERVIEWING ,PRIVACY ,STATISTICAL sampling ,TEACHING methods ,SCHOOL administrators ,STUDENTS with disabilities ,EDUCATIONAL technology ,SOCIAL integration ,AVATARS (Virtual reality) ,ROBOTICS ,COLLEGE teacher attitudes ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,CONVALESCENCE ,SPECIAL education schools ,STUDENT rights ,ELIGIBILITY (Social aspects) ,LEARNING strategies ,SPECIAL education ,CASE studies ,COMPARATIVE studies ,EXPERIENTIAL learning ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,HOSPITAL care of children ,MEDICAL ethics ,SOCIAL participation - Abstract
Introduction: With advancements in communication technologies and internet connectivity, avatar robots for children who cannot attend school in person due to illness or disabilities have become more widespread. Introducing these technologies to the classroom aims to offer possibilities of social and educational inclusion. While implementation is still at an experimental level, several of these avatars have already been introduced as a marketable service. However, various obstacles impede widespread acceptance. Methods: In our explorative qualitative case study we conducted semistructured interviews with eight individuals involved in the implementation of the avatar robots AV1 in Germany and eleven participants involved with implementing OriHime in Japan. We analyzed and compared implementation processes, application areas, access and eligibility, and the potential and limitations of avatars at schools. Results: We identified structural similarities and differences in both countries. In the German cases the target is defined as temporary use for children who cannot attend school in person because of childhood illness, with the clear goal of returning to school. Whereas in Japan OriHime is also implemented for children with physical or developmental disabilities, or who cannot attend school in person for other reasons. Discussion: Our study suggests that avatar technologies bear high potential for children to stay socially and educationally connected. Yet, structures need establishing that grant equal access to avatar technologies. These include educational board regulations, budgets for funding avatar technologies and making them accessible to the public, and privacy protection standards that are adequate, yet do not create implementation hurdles that are too high. Furthermore, guidelines or training sessions on technical, educational and psychosocial aspects of including avatar technologies in the classroom for teachers are important for successful implementation. Since our Japanese cases suggest that expanding the area of application beyond childhood illness is promising, further research on the benefits for different groups is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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36. The spatial pattern of localized R&D spillovers: an empirical investigation for Germany.
- Author
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Bode, Eckhardt
- Subjects
ECONOMETRICS ,RESEARCH ,MATHEMATICAL models ,ECONOMICS ,STATISTICS - Abstract
The present paper employs spatial econometrics techniques to discriminate empirically between various economically plausible spatial patterns of interregional knowledge spillovers between west German planning regions in the 1990s. In general, interregional spillovers are found to contribute significantly to regional knowledge production. Due to fairly high spatial transaction costs, however, only a small fraction of the knowledge available in neighboring regions actually spills over. Consequently, the absolute contribution of `foreign' knowledge to a region's innovative performance is quite low. Moreover, only regions with low R&D density benefit from interregional spillovers. For regions with high R&D density they seem to be negligible. One reason for this maybe some sort of self-sufficiency in the R&D centers where researchers may have fewer incentives to consult researchers in other regions. Another reason for this may be the dominance of unidirectional knowledge flows from technological leaders to followers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
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37. Final Paleolithic and Mesolithic Research in Reunified Germany.
- Author
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Street, Martin, Baales, Michael, Cziesla, Erwin, Hartz, Sönke, Heinen, Martin, Jöris, Olaf, Koch, Ingrid, Pasda, Clemens, Terberger, Thomas, and Vollbrecht, Jürgen
- Subjects
PALEOLITHIC Period ,MESOLITHIC Period ,STONE Age ,RESEARCH - Abstract
During the past decade research into the German Final Paleolithic and Mesolithic has experienced an important revival. One clear sign of this renewed interest in the periods are the annual meetings of the “Arbeitsgruppe Mesolithikum” (Mesolithic Working Group) which have taken place every spring since 1992. At these meetings, which take place at changing venues, topical themes of Final Paleolithic and Mesolithic interest are presented by informal lectures and it is also possible to study regional collections (artifacts, raw materials) at first hand. Numerous contributions were subsequently published together in one volume (Conard and Kind (1998) Aktuelle Forschungen zum Mesolithikum/Current Mesolithic Research, Mo Vince, Tübingen). The present paper intends to complement that collection of papers with a synthesis of developments and perspectives and to present recent research highlights in the German Final Paleolithic and Mesolithic, together with a comprehensive bibliography, to a wider international audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Contribution of medical student research to the Medline[sup TM]-indexed publications of a German medical faculty.
- Author
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Cursiefen, Claus and Altunbas, Ayhan
- Subjects
MEDICAL research ,MEDICAL teaching personnel ,MEDLINE - Abstract
Medical students in Germany have to write a research thesis to acquire the title of medical doctor. This study evaluates the contribution of student research to the Medline™-indexed publications of a German medical faculty. A 1993–1995 Medline™-publication list, on which medical students among authors should be marked, was sent to medical faculty staff of the University of Würzburg, Germany (n = 238). Faculty members responded (106, 45%), 66 were working at a clinic, 26 at a clinic-associated institute and 14 at a basic science institute. Between 1993 and 1995, 1128 Medline™-indexed papers were published by these faculty members, who on average supervised 4·5 medical students (n = 477). Medical students were among the authors of 316 (28%) and were the first authors of 88 papers (7·8%). For 66% of medical students their research resulted in a Medline™-indexed publication. Medical student research activity can significantly influence the published output of a medical faculty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1998
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39. Subjective Health Status, Health-Related Behavior, and Health Literacy of Health Professional Students: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study.
- Author
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Jürgensen, Ivonne-Nadine, Koch, Peter, Otto, Ramona, Nock, Annike Morgane, and Petersen-Ewert, Corinna
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGY of medical students ,RESEARCH ,CROSS-sectional method ,HEALTH status indicators ,FISHER exact test ,MANN Whitney U Test ,HEALTH literacy ,SURVEYS ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,T-test (Statistics) ,HEALTH behavior ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,DATA analysis software ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,COVID-19 pandemic ,WORLD Wide Web - Abstract
The importance of health promotion for health professional students is increasingly crucial, as the rising requirements for those students can have a negative impact on their health. Despite this awareness, there is still limited knowledge in Germany about the specific health needs of this group of students. This study's aim was, therefore, to assess the subjective health of first-year students and to identify health needs. Thus, this study is based on an online survey using standardized measurement instruments. First-year students from three degree programs were included. The data were analyzed descriptively. A total of n = 98 (72.6%) participated in the survey. The results showed that a major proportion of participants (80.3%) rated their health positively, but a significant proportion reported weight disorders (24%) and pre-existing health conditions (62.1%) at baseline. Interestingly, a high proportion (59%) reported a high level of mental well-being at the time of the survey. However, worrying findings regarding lifestyle behaviors, including physical inactivity (40.6%), smoking (20%), risky alcohol use (24%), and unhealthy eating habits (37%) were determined. In terms of health literacy, around 45% of students rated their health competencies as problematic. Furthermore, it was found that students with low health literacy had a significantly higher prevalence of low mental well-being (53.3% vs. 30.8%, p = 0.036) and unhealthy eating habits (48.8% vs. 26.5%, p = 0.027) compared to students with sufficient health literacy. Health professional students should be considered a relevant target group for health and health competence promotion from the beginning of their studies. The identified fields of action should be addressed in the context of health promotion. This is of particular importance as they are not only aimed at improving the students' well-being but also will later work directly with patients and, therefore, have a direct influence on the health of others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The Intergenerational Transmission of Interpersonal Problems: An Exploration.
- Author
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Boehnke, Klaus
- Subjects
INTERPERSONAL relations in young adults ,INTERPERSONAL relations & psychology ,PARENT-adult child relationships ,FATHER-child relationship ,MOTHER-child relationship ,PSYCHOLOGY of college students ,PSYCHOLOGY ,COLLEGE students ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,STATISTICAL correlation ,INTERGENERATIONAL relations ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,PARENT-child relationships ,PARENTS ,PROBABILITY theory ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SEX distribution ,SURVEYS ,EFFECT sizes (Statistics) ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
This paper presents results on the intergenerational transmission of interpersonal problems. Ninety-eight German mothers, fathers, and their young adult offspring completed the German version of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-D64), which is conceptually based on the assumption of a circumplex structure of eight interpersonal problems. Model learning and psychodynamic theories were used to formulate assumptions about possible intergenerational similarity and dissimilarity, as well as about effects of family and societal context. The results showed the highest intergenerational correlations for three of the eight interpersonal problems in the IIP-D64, namely nonassertiveness, overly strong accommodation, and self-sacrificing tendencies. Intergenerational similarity was found only for mother-offspring dyads for two other problems: domineering and vindictiveness tendencies. No significant intergenerational similarity was found for coldness, social inhibition, or intrusiveness. In-depth analyses revealed higher similarities in families in which at least one parent had an overall IIP-64 score equal to or more than one standard deviation from the norm sample mean (as opposed to families where both parents had overall IIP-64 scores closer to the normative German mean). The findings are tentatively interpreted as suggesting that intergenerational transmission occurs only for problems on one axis of the interpersonal circumplex, i.e., the agency axis, but not for problems on the communality axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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- View/download PDF
41. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT RESEARCH IN GERMANY: RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT.
- Author
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KOEPPEL, JOHANN and GEISSLER, GESA
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,FUTURES studies ,RESEARCH management ,MANAGEMENT - Abstract
This paper aims to provide an overview of German Environmental Assessment (EA) research over the recent decades. Likely reasons for previous developments as Germany's post-Cold War challenges, ongoing case study research endeavours and further prospects are outlined. This involves research on large-scale SEA making, an enhanced EA theory building and a move towards "best available science" research. Last but not least, a stronger research oriented conference series is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The German plagiarism crisis.
- Author
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FäHnrich, Birte, Danyi, Claudia Janssen, and Nothhaft, Howard
- Subjects
SCIENTIFIC communication ,CRISIS communication ,CRISIS rhetoric ,PLAGIARISM ,DUALITY (Logic) ,CRISIS management - Abstract
Purpose -- Rising public scrutiny has? brought new demands for science communication. Especially, incidents of falsification, fabrication, and plagiarism have recently come to question academic integrity and legitimacy in Germany. Focussing on a prominent plagiarism case that revolved around the former Minister of Science and Education's dissertation, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the communication strategies of the Düsseldorf University as it navigated the complex challenges of the crisis situation. Design/methodology/approach -- The analysis is based on a rhetorical analysis of the public discourse of the University Düsseldorf in the context of the plagiarism crisis. Findings -- The study finds that the university responded to the crisis by focussing on legitimating the legal and administrative process by which it evaluated Schavan's dissertation and revoked the degree. In turn, this focus neglected restoring the threatened reputation of graduate education and of scholarship itself. Ultimately, the crisis communication of the university worked to undermine the premises and goals of science communication. Research limitations/implications -- Future research should focus on case studies of crisis communication by academic and research organizations as well as on investigating the effects of crisis rhetoric on public trust in and on understanding of academic research. The study suggests that it is worthwhile for crisis and science communication scholars to work to develop distinct frameworks for science communication in crisis and crisis communication in science that account for the unique tensions and duality of needs in this arena. Originality/value -- The study contributes to the understanding of the intersections between crisis communication and science communication. Especially, it underlines the importance of developing distinct frameworks for science communication in crisis and crisis communication in science that account for the unique tensions and duality of needs in this arena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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43. The R&D-paradox in.
- Author
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Niklasson, Lars
- Subjects
- *
BUSINESS enterprises , *RESEARCH & development , *BUSINESS research , *COOPERATION , *ECONOMIC competition - Abstract
German companies cooperate in R&D through business organizations and public organizations for applied research. In the US, such cooperation is generally low (though there are important exceptions) since the legal norm is to encourage competition rather than cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
44. Strategic dialogues for research policy making in Germany.
- Author
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Lohr, Frauke, Hallensleben, Sebastian, and Beyer-Kutzner, Amina
- Subjects
STRATEGIC planning ,RESEARCH ,GOVERNMENT policy ,INTERNATIONAL competition ,GLOBALIZATION ,CASE studies - Abstract
Purpose – The mere generation of foresight results is not sufficient in itself to influence research policy. Research policy makers need specific information and insight on how the structured view of the future provided by foresight affects their strategic planning. Therefore, deriving the maximum benefit from foresight activities requires a carefully designed and actively driven transfer process of foresight results into research policy making. This paper aims to present such a process ("strategic dialogue") and illustrate it with recent examples from Germany.Design/methodology/approach – The authors compare strategic dialogues with existing dialogue instruments and investigate the relevance of their theoretical foundations to transferring foresight results into research policy making. They capture the lessons learnt from such dialogues in a seven-step process that can be adapted to specific situations. Specific success factors are identified and linked to the process.Findings – Strategic dialogues have proved to be an effective and efficient instrument for achieving the transfer of results from strategic processes such as foresight into research policy making. They ensure that foresight results are processed into a form that is directly useful as an input for policy development. They also help to create a joint vision for the future and to shape supporting infrastructure measures.Originality/value – The transfer of foresight results into research policy making has not featured prominently so far in discussions of foresight efforts and methods. However, it is a crucial element in ensuring that such activities have maximum impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Long-distance caregiving at the end of life: a protocol for an exploratory qualitative study in Germany.
- Author
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Herbst, Franziska A., Schneider, Nils, and Stiel, Stephanie
- Subjects
CAREGIVER attitudes ,SERVICES for caregivers ,RESEARCH ,TERMINAL care ,POPULATION geography ,QUALITATIVE research ,NEEDS assessment - Abstract
Background: Of the approximately 4.7 million people in Germany caring for a relative, many live at a geographical distance from their loved one. The provision of remote care to a terminally ill patient is associated with specific challenges and burdens. In the German context, research is lacking on the specific experiences and needs of caregivers in end-of-life situations who are geographically distanced from their relative. Thus, the overarching goal of the proposed study is to detail the specifics of long-distance caregiving at the end of life in Germany, determining the role played by physical distance in shaping end-of-life caregiving and identifying the needs of long-distance caregivers in this situation. Methods: The exploratory qualitative study will be guided by an inductive logic, drawing on one-time semi-structured interviews. To uncover the multiplicity of caregiving experiences, long-distance caregivers of both patients receiving early palliative care and patients at a very advanced stage of disease will be included. The study will be divided into five phases: (1) preparation and pretest, (2) data collection and primary analysis, (3) data analysis and interpretation, (4) advisory board workshop and (5) conclusions and recommendations. Discussion: The study will aim at generating valuable insight regarding the experiences and needs of family caregivers of end-of-life patients. This is particularly relevant, given that families are becoming increasingly geographically dispersed. As this trend continues, it will challenge traditional models of family care and shed light on novel caregiving issues that will need to be addressed through social and health policy. Trial registration: The study was prospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien) (Registration N° DRKS00024164; date of registration: January 25, 2021), and is searchable under the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal of the World Health Organization, under the German Clinical Trials Register number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Keeping nurses in nursing: a qualitative study of German nurses' perceptions of push and pull factors to leave or stay in the profession.
- Author
-
Roth, Catharina, Wensing, Michel, Breckner, Amanda, Mahler, Cornelia, Krug, Katja, and Berger, Sarah
- Subjects
WORK environment ,DISMISSAL of employees ,RESEARCH ,NURSES' attitudes ,RESEARCH methodology ,INTERVIEWING ,QUALITATIVE research ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CONTENT analysis ,THEMATIC analysis ,PERSONNEL management - Abstract
Background: The increasing nursing shortages worldwide has focused attention on the need to find more effective ways to recruit and retain nurses. The aim of this study was to gain understanding of factors that keep German nurses in nursing and explore their perceptions of factors that contribute to nurses leaving or staying in the profession. Methods: An explorative qualitative study was undertaken at four different hospitals (two university hospitals and two public hospitals) in Baden-Wuerttemberg, a state in South Germany. Semi-structured face-to-face or telephone interviews were conducted with 21 state-qualified nurses who had graduated from a German nursing program. Each interview was pseudonymized and transcribed. Transcripts were coded according to Qualitative Content Analysis with data structured into themes and subthemes. The study was reported according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ) checklist for qualitative research. Results: Two themes emerged from the analysis and each theme had several subthemes: a) PUSH FACTORS i.e. factors that may push nurses to consider leaving the profession included limited career prospects, generational barriers, poor public image of nursing, and workplace pressures; b) PULL FACTORS i.e. factors that nurses wished for and could keep them in the profession included professional pride, improved remuneration, recognition of nursing, professionalisation, and improving the image of nursing as a profession. Conclusion: The decision to leave or stay in nursing is influenced by a complex range of dynamic push and pull factors. Nurse Managers responsible for stabilizing the workforce and maintaining their health system will continue to have to navigate challenges until working conditions, appropriate wages and career development opportunities are addressed. A key to tackling nursing shortages may be focusing on pull factors and nurse managers listening in particular to the perspectives of junior nurses directly involved in patient care, as giving them opportunity to further develop professionally, reinforcing a strong and supportive workplace relationships, paying an appropriate salary, and improving the public image of nursing profession. Registration number: The study has been prospectively registered (27 June 2019) at the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS00017465). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Global child health in higher education in Germany: a mixed-methods study.
- Author
-
Küppers, Dennis, Galatsch, Michael, and Weigel, Ralf
- Subjects
RESEARCH ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RESEARCH methodology ,PRIORITY (Philosophy) ,WORLD health ,SURVEYS ,CHILDREN'S health ,MASTERS programs (Higher education) ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,JUDGMENT sampling ,THEMATIC analysis ,CONTENT analysis - Abstract
Germany has an ambitious global health strategy, yet its universities provide few opportunities for global child health researchers. Improved understanding of the reasons and the academic role of global child health is needed. The objective of this study is to offer insights into Germany's academic global child health landscape by describing the actors and their priorities in research and education and by analysing perceived barriers and opportunities. We used a sequential exploratory mixed-method design. Participants were selected purposively to represent German global child health academics. Information was gathered first from a 33-item online survey and from interviews conducted four to six months post-survey. Surveys were analysed descriptively. A joint thematic approach using content analysis was used to analyse interview transcripts. Four categories emerged: training and professional orientation; professional realities; representation and advocacy, and barriers. Of the 20 survey participants (median [IQR] age 55 years [17], five female), seven agreed to be interviewed. Research experiences abroad shaped individuals' career choices in global child health. They engaged in global child health education, primary health care and access to health services, frequently in clinical and humanitarian settings, but spent little time on global child health-related activities. Participants were active and valued in international networks and keen to extend their activities. Yet they felt under-represented academically and reported multiple structural and individual barriers in Germany. They perceived a lack of leadership positions, career paths, funding opportunities, and institutional and project support which limits academic advancement. Germany's global child health experts are motivated to engage with global child health-related topics but face difficulties in advancing academically. Academic actors may need to intensify research and training efforts in order to expand global child health's scientific base in Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Characteristics of outpatient emergency department visits of nursing home residents: an analysis of discharge letters.
- Author
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Heinold, Stephanie, Fassmer, Alexander Maximilian, Schmiemann, Guido, and Hoffmann, Falk
- Subjects
RESEARCH ,HOSPITAL emergency services ,CATHETER-related infections ,NUTRITION disorders ,MEDICAL cooperation ,URINARY catheterization ,MEDICAL care ,PATIENTS ,NURSING care facilities ,HOSPITAL admission & discharge ,HOSPITAL nursing staff ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MEDICAL appointments ,ROUTINE diagnostic tests ,WOUNDS & injuries ,WOUND care ,MENTAL illness - Abstract
Background: Unplanned emergency department (ED) visits of nursing home residents (NHR) are common, with many transfers not leading to hospitalization. However, there is little research on what diagnostic and therapeutic measures are performed during visits. Aims: We analyzed underlying diagnoses, characteristics and performed medical procedures of unplanned outpatient ED visits by NHR. Methods: We conducted a multi-center study of 14 nursing homes (NHs) in northwestern Germany in 03/2018–07/2019. Hospital transfers were documented by nursing staff using a standardized questionnaire for 12 months. In addition, discharge letters were used to collect information about the respective transfer, its reasons and the extend of the medical services performed in the ED. Results: A total of 161 unplanned ED visits were included (mean age: 84.2 years; 68.3% females). The main transfer reasons were trauma (59.0%), urinary catheter and nutritional probe problems (overall 10.6%; male NHR 25.5%) and altered mental state (9.9%). 32.9% where discharged without imaging or blood test prior. 67.4% of injured NHR (n = 95) required no or only basic wound care. Catheter-related problems (n = 17) were mainly treated by changing an existing suprapubic catheter (35.3%) and by flushing the pre-existing catheter (29.4%). Discussion: Our data suggest that the diagnostic and therapeutic interventions performed in ED, often do not exceed general practitioner (GP) care and many ED visits seem to be unnecessary. Conclusion: Better coordination and consultation with GPs as well as better training of nursing staff in handling catheter problems could help to reduce the number of ED visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Forschungsaktivitäten am Fachbereich Informationswissenschaften der Fachhochschule Potsdam.
- Author
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Büttner, Stephan
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RESEARCH in information science , *TECHNICAL institutes , *EDUCATIONAL cooperation , *DIGITIZATION of archival materials , *KNOWLEDGE transfer - Abstract
The paper at hand raises the question of research at colleges and Universities of Applied Sciences in general, and displays a closer look at research efforts at the Department of Information Sciences at the UAS Potsdam in particular. It starts with an investigation of the general framework for research at colleges. Taking the example of the UAS Potsdam, it then illustrates additional research elements such as externally funded projects, sabbatical leaves for university teachers and options for publication – which research in general and foremost is associated with. It turns out that research is in its varied facets is extremely useful and necessary for practice-related teaching. An immediate, direct connection with teaching is crucial for colleges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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50. Interfaces of occupational health management and corporate social responsibility: a multi-centre qualitative study from Germany.
- Author
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Kuhn, Eva, Müller, Sebastian, Teusch, Christoph, Tanner, Grit, Schümann, Marlies, Baur, Carolin, Bamberg, Eva, Heidbrink, Ludger, McLennan, Stuart, and Buyx, Alena
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WORK environment ,HEALTH promotion ,INDUSTRIAL hygiene ,SOCIAL responsibility of business ,CORPORATE culture ,ORGANIZATIONAL ideology ,ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding ,SOCIAL responsibility - Abstract
Background: The workplace has been identified as a priority setting for health promotion. There are potential advantages of systematically integrating Occupational Health Management (OHM) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). However, OHM and CSR are usually overseen by different management branches with different sets of values, and there is a lack of empirical research regarding interfaces between OHM and CSR. Germany offers a particularly useful setting due to legislation requiring health to be promoted in the workplace. This study aims to examine key stakeholders' views and experiences regarding interfaces between OHM and CSR in German companies.Methods: Individual semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of 77 German stakeholders from three different groups: experts in occupational health and corporate social responsibility from various companies (n = 35), business partners (n = 19), and various non-business partners (n = 23). Transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis.Results: Participants identified several areas in which OHM and CSR are already interacting at strategic, structural and cultural levels, but also highlighted several barriers that undermine a more meaningful interaction. Participants reported difficulties in articulating the underlying ethical values relevant to both OHM and CSR at the strategic level. Several structural barriers were also highlighted, including a lack of resources (both financial and knowledge), and OHM and CSR departments not being fully developed or undertaken at entirely different operational levels. Finally, the missing practical implementation of corporate philosophy was identified as a critical cultural barrier to interfaces between OHM and CSR, with existing guidelines and companies' philosophies that already connect OHM and CSR not being embraced by employees and managers.Conclusions: There is already significant overlap in the focus of OHM and CSR, at the structural, strategic and cultural levels in many German companies. The potential is there, both in theory and practice, for the systematic combination of OHM and CSR. The insights from this study will be useful to ensure that closer integration between both management branches is set up in a socially sustainable and ethical manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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