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Salinity is an factor which has a critical influence on seed germination and plant establishment. During the present study the effect of salinity on seeds germination, seedling growth and chlorophyll content of Trifolium repens was studied. Experiments were conducted in laboratory condition. The salinity was induced using three concentration of NaCl (0 mM NaCl, 40 mM and 80 mM). Determinations were recorded in three periods, after (3, 10 and 17 days) and were analysed percentage of germination, MDG and DGS, seedling growth and chlorophyll content. In normal condition Trifolium repens showed highest percentage of germination 79.33%, while in stress salt condition percentage of germination was reduced in proportion to the increase in saline concentration. In salt stress condition we observed that the mean daily germination (MDG) decreased, while daily germination speed (DGS) increased. The effect of the NaCl concentration on the growth in the clover seedlings they showed values between 2.372 cm on the V3 variant and 3.603 cm on the Vo variant. The application of treatments that induced saline stress led to a significant decrease in growth in proportion to the level of differences between treatments. Referring to the effect of the environment on the accumulation of chlorophyll, it was observed that the chlorophyll content decreased under conditions of saline stress (24.15 SPAD). Salt tolerance data may be used to select clover with the highest potential for agronomic production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In certain agricultural species, particularly in perennial legumes, optimum germination capacity in seeds is strongly influenced by the share of hard seeds. This seed category can germinate in a certain share, after a longer period, depending on environmental conditions. Research show that, after a period of six months, hard seeds germinated differently, depending on their size: 71% in the seed group that was not selected depending on size, 35% in small seeds, 67% in medium seeds, and 57% in large seeds. After 266 days of germination, and after previous treatment with ultrasounds, they showed a germination capacity between 46.9% and 68.9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper points out the combined effect of thermal and ultrasound treatments on vegetal biomass from hard seed germination. Exposing hard seeds to temperatures of -30°C for 72 h and then treating them with ultrasounds increased the amount of biomass of the germs with 75.4% compared to the control variant (not treated). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miscanthus giganteus is a large, perennial (up to 20 years) grass hybrid of M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus native to Japan. Is a C4 carbon fixation plant, and thus exhibits greater photosynthetic efficiency and lower water use requirements than other kinds of plants. It has very low nutritional requirements - it has high nitrogen use efficiency and therefore is capable of growing well on barren land without the aid of heavy fertilization. M. giganteus is a sterile hybrid, therefore propagates vegetative through its rhizomes and that it is a completely non-invasive species. In this paper are presented the results of this grass species growing on fly ash deposit Utvin after the first year from the planting. Order to stimulate the process of vegetative from the first year, have used three different fertilizing: with sewage sludge, with cattle manure and mineral supplement such as N.P.K. We have also provided an adequate irrigation during dry periods of the summer. The best germination percentage was obtained in variants fertilized with sewage sludge and manure of cattle. Further the same variations recorded a good growth rate and higher biomass production. However, good production of biomass produced in the first year of all variants show a good adaptability of the species M. giganteus to arid biotope conditions of the fly ash dump. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) is a perennial species with lower seed germination ability because of the large share of hard seeds. To increase germinating ability, the trial was based on treating bird's-foot trefoil seeds with ultrasounds (at different intensities and for different periods of time); they were then kept for a few days at -3 0°C. Treatment results show that the control variant (not treated) reached a germination level of 57.80%, while the variant treated with ultrasounds and thermally reached a germination level of 94.53% (i.e. 63.5% more). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large variety of seed size at the Bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) affects their quality by the proportion of "hard" and "moldy" seeds. Studies found that germination energy, performed at a 5 days interval, varies depending on seed size: 71.8% at the class of medium seeds, 77% at small seeds, 82.2% at ungrouped seeds and 88.7% at large seeds. The average of results shows an increase in the proportion of "hard" seeds at the version with ungrouped seeds (3.11%) and a decrease in seeds grouped by size classes (1.77-2.42%). At the small and medium-sized groups of seeds there was no record of "moldy" seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has focused on 4 size groups of bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) (Ø 1.0-1.6 mm) and 10 variants of ultrasound treatments with different intensities and exposure times (0.11-2.72 W/cm2 and 10-160 seconds). After treating the bird's-foot trefoil seed groups with ultrasounds, the bird's-foot trefoil seeds were put into Petri vases for germination and the following parameters were measured: germinating energy (after 10 days), germinating faculty (after 21 days) and share of hard bird's-foot trefoil seeds (after 31 days). Research results show a very significant decrease of the share of hard bird's-foot trefoil seeds in the groups of medium- and large-size bird's-foot trefoil seeds treated with ultrasounds, compared to the control variant (no group seeds) or to the small-size bird's-foot trefoil seed group treated with ultrasounds. Intensity and exposure time do not correlate with the share of hard bird's-foot trefoil seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the authors point out the impact of ultrasounds on seed germination in bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). The bird's-foot trefoil seeds, grouped into 4 size groups, were exposed to ultrasounds with variable intensities and exposure times ranging between 0.11 and 2.72 W/cm2 and between 10 and 160 seconds. Research shows that both germinating energy and germinating ability measured at 10 and 21 days, respectively, were positively impacted by ultrasounds. The highest values were when we treated with ultrasounds medium- and largesize bird's-foot trefoil seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]