1. Neonatal outcomes of elective early-term births after demonstrated fetal lung maturity.
- Author
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Tita ATN, Jablonski KA, Bailit JL, Grobman WA, Wapner RJ, Reddy UM, Varner MW, Thorp JM Jr, Leveno KJ, Caritis SN, Iams JD, Saade G, Sorokin Y, Rouse DJ, Blackwell SC, and Tolosa JE
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Amniocentesis, Apgar Score, Elective Surgical Procedures, Female, Humans, Hyperbilirubinemia therapy, Infant, Newborn, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal statistics & numerical data, Length of Stay statistics & numerical data, Logistic Models, Lung embryology, Male, Middle Aged, Neonatal Sepsis epidemiology, Phototherapy, Pregnancy, Propensity Score, Respiration, Artificial statistics & numerical data, United States epidemiology, Young Adult, Cesarean Section methods, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure statistics & numerical data, Gestational Age, Hyperbilirubinemia epidemiology, Labor, Induced methods, Term Birth, Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Studies of early-term birth after demonstrated fetal lung maturity show that respiratory and other outcomes are worse with early-term birth (37
0 -386 weeks) even after demonstrated fetal lung maturity when compared with full-term birth (390 -406 weeks). However, these studies included medically indicated births and are therefore potentially limited by confounding by the indication for delivery. Thus, the increase in adverse outcomes might be due to the indication for early-term birth rather than the early-term birth itself., Objective: We examined the prevalence and risks of adverse neonatal outcomes associated with early-term birth after confirmed fetal lung maturity as compared with full-term birth in the absence of indications for early delivery., Study Design: This is a secondary analysis of an observational study of births to 115,502 women in 25 hospitals in the United States from 2008 through 2011. Singleton nonanomalous births at 37-40 weeks with no identifiable indication for delivery were included; early-term births after positive fetal lung maturity testing were compared with full-term births. The primary outcome was a composite of death, ventilator for ≥2 days, continuous positive airway pressure, proven sepsis, pneumonia or meningitis, treated hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia (phototherapy), and 5-minute Apgar <7. Logistic regression and propensity score matching (both 1:1 and 1:2) were used., Results: In all, 48,137 births met inclusion criteria; the prevalence of fetal lung maturity testing in the absence of medical or obstetric indications for early delivery was 0.52% (n = 249). There were 180 (0.37%) early-term births after confirmed pulmonary maturity and 47,957 full-term births. Women in the former group were more likely to be non-Hispanic white, smoke, have received antenatal steroids, have induction, and have a cesarean. Risks of the composite (16.1% vs 5.4%; adjusted odds ratio, 3.2; 95% confidence interval, 2.1-4.8 from logistic regression) were more frequent with elective early-term birth. Propensity scores matching confirmed the increased primary composite in elective early-term births: adjusted odds ratios, 4.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.8-10.5) for 1:1 and 3.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.8-6.5) for 1:2 matching. Among components of the primary outcome, CPAP use and hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy were significantly increased. Transient tachypnea of the newborn, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and prolonged neonatal intensive care unit stay (>2 days) were also increased with early-term birth., Conclusion: Even with confirmed pulmonary maturity, early-term birth in the absence of medical or obstetric indications is associated with worse neonatal respiratory and hepatic outcomes compared with full-term birth, suggesting relative immaturity of these organ systems in early-term births., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2018
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