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The purpose of this study was to determine whether proclination of mandibular central incisors during fixed appliance therapy results in gingival recession. Complete records of 67 patients (39 female and 28 male patients; mean age, 16.4 years; age range, 10-45 years) were used in this retrospective case-control study. Using pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms, the change in mandibular central incisor inclination was measured to divide the patients into an experimental group (proclination) and a control group (no proclination). Changes in clinical crown length were determined from pretreatment and posttreatment study models, and changes in gingival recession were determined from intraoral slides. Eight of the 67 patients exhibited a measurable increase in gingival recession of at least 0.5 mm, and 27 patients had an increase in clinical crown length of at least 0.5 mm. Statistical analyses showed no correlation between mandibular central incisor proclination and gingival recession or clinical crown length. A t-test analysis showed no statistically significant difference in gingival recession or change in clinical crown length between patients whose mandibular central incisors were proclined and those whose incisors were not proclined. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that age, sex, race, treatment duration, extraction, treatment type, Angle classification, and proclination were not related to gingival recession or change in clinical crown length of mandibular central incisors. We conclude that the degree of proclination of mandibular central incisors during fixed appliance therapy was not correlated to gingival recession in this sample.