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BACKGROUND Regularly removing dental plaque is key to good oral hygiene and gingival health promotion. This study aimed to compare the effects of using soft and medium toothbrushes using the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) index. MATERIAL AND METHODS A randomized parallel-group study design was used. Sixty-four participants were randomly assigned to 2 similar intervention groups (medium and soft toothbrush groups). The PI, GI, and BOP indexes were used. The median and median difference of PI, GI, and BOP were calculated. SPSS was used for data entry and analysis. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for data analysis. RESULTS The median scores of GI, PI, and BOP significantly decreased from 1.8, 1.7, and 2.0, respectively, before using medium toothbrushes to 0.0, 0.1, and 0.0, respectively, after using medium toothbrushes (all P<0.0001). Similarly, the median scores of GI, PI, and BOP significantly decreased from 2.0, 1.7, and 2.0, respectively, before using soft toothbrushes to 1.1, 0.9, and 1.0, respectively, after using soft toothbrushes (P<0.0001). The median differences in GI, PI, and BOP scores among those using medium toothbrushes were higher than the median differences among those using soft toothbrushes [(1.8 vs 0.9), (1.6 vs 0.8), and (2.0 vs 1.0), respectively]. These differences were statistically significant (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This study concludes that medium and soft toothbrushes were effective in removing plaque and controlling gingivitis. Medium toothbrushes were more effective than soft toothbrushes in achieving these outcomes.