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Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) has long been consumed as a medicinal or functional food in East Asia. It is available as dried white ginseng (WG) and steamed red ginseng (RG), which might differ in ginsenoside profiles. We compared ginsenoside types of RG and WG using UPLC‐MS/MS and evaluated how they biologically affected heart of healthy rats by recording electrocardiography, measuring biochemical indicators, analyzing cardiac tissue slides, and Ca2+ signaling pathways. About 25 and 29 ginsenosides were detected in WG and RG, respectively, and the total ginsenoside content of RG contained was nearly 1.8 times higher than that of WG. Among them, ginsenoside Rg4, ginsenoside Rg6, ginsenoside Rh4, ginsenoside Rk1, ginsenoside Rg5, and protopanaxadiol were detected only in RG, while 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg2 was detected only in WG. Male SD rats treated by intraperitoneal injection of WG or RG extracts were similar to the control in terms of electrocardiography and heart histology, indicating that both may not significantly affect the rats' myocardial function. However, WG and RG may induce mild cardiac injury resulting in increased cardiac collagen and creatine kinase levels. In addition, upregulated p‐CaMKII and PPARδ and downregulated SERCA2a for WG and RG treatments were further associated with increased cardiac contractility. In general, RG had less effect on the heart of healthy rats than WG, which may be due to RG having a high proportion of low‐polar ginsenosides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cover image is based on the Original Article Ginseng in white and red processed forms: Ginsenosides and cardiac side effects by Jiexin Zhou et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3879.By Jiexin Zhou; Jiarui Zhang; Pu Jing; Yu Lan; Xiaonian Cao; Huafang Feng; Xiaogang Liu and Qingqing LiuReported by Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author [Extracted from the article]

[Display omitted] • Visible methods based on ratiometric sensors for puerarin and ginsenoside were proposed. • PEG/Apt-modified CdTe QDs and MoS 2 QDs were as responsive and reference sensor, respectively. • The color change of ratiometric sensors under UV lamp was analyzed by smartphone. • The sensitive, selective and visible detection method can be used in real samples. Puerarin and ginsenoside are very valuable Chinese herbal medicines. Development of sensitive and rapid detection method is of great significance for quality control and clinical therapy. Herein, the polymer brush and aptamer-modified ratiometric fluorescence sensors (r-sensors) were developed for sensitive and selective detecting puerarin and ginsenoside via smartphone. The polymer brush (polyethylene glycol (PEG)) and aptamer modified CdTe quantum dots (QDs) and MoS 2 QDs were served as response sensors and reference sensors, respectively. The detection limits (LOD) of r-sensors were 36 nM for puerarin and 8 nM for ginsenoside, respectively. Importantly, the sensors were used for rapid and convenient measurement of the puerarin and ginsenoside in human serum, human urine and liqueur samples with recovery rates of 80–105.34 % for puerarin, 84.02–111.75 % for ginsenoside. Therefore, the methods have a promising application for visible, portable and sensitive analysis of puerarin and ginsenoside in clinical analysis and food safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]