1. Characterization of medieval-like glass alteration layers by laser spectroscopy and nonlinear optical microscopy
- Author
-
Oujja, Mohamed, Palomar, Teresa, Martínez-Weinbaum, Marina, Martínez-Ramírez, Sagrario, Castillejo, Marta, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Fundación General CSIC, Comunidad de Madrid, European Commission, and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
- Subjects
medieval ,nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) ,laser spectroscopies ,energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) ,Materials science ,Scanning electron microscope ,noninvasive testing ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Optical microscope ,law ,artificial weathering ,Microscopy ,Sample preparation ,Spectroscopy ,glass ,multi-photon excitation fluorescence (MPEF) ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,0104 chemical sciences ,Characterization (materials science) ,laser induced fluorescence (LIF) ,Optoelectronics ,degradation layer ,micro-destructive testing ,Photonics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) - Abstract
22 pags., 7 figs., 3 tabs., Historical glass-based objects undergo, since the time of their manufacture, different degradation phenomena that are related to their composition and to the environment to which they were exposed. Three-dimensional (3D) structural and chemical characterization of the degradation layers is important to select the most adequate conservation strategies for glass objects. Optical microscopy (OM) is the most frequently used non-destructive method to examine the surface of historical glasses; however, the 3D structural assessment of alteration layers requires applying the destructive modality of this technique to conduct a cross-sectional study. In this work, a different approach for structural and compositional characterization of alteration layers on model medieval-like glasses is presented, based on the combination of the laser spectroscopies of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and FT-Raman, and the emerging, cutting edge technique of nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) in the modality of multiphoton excitation fluorescence (MPEF). The results obtained through this multi-analytical photonic approach were compared with those retrieved by examination of the surface and cross sections of the samples by OM and scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). While the combination of LIBS, LIF and FT-Raman served to assess the composition of the various alteration layers, the use of MPEF microscopy allowed the non-destructive determination of the thicknesses of these layers, showing for both thickness and composition a good agreement with the OM and SEM–EDS results. Thus, the proposed approach, which avoids sample preparation, illustrates the capability of non-destructive, or micro-destructive in the case of LIBS, laser spectroscopies and microscopies for the in situ study of glass objects of historic or/and artistic value., This research has been funded by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) through projects PID2019-104124RB-I00/AEI/1013039/501100011033, the CSIC General Foundation (ComFuturo Programme), by project TOP Heritage-CM (S2018/NMT-4372) from Community of Madrid, by the H2020 European project IPERION HS (Integrated Platform for the European Research Infrastructure ON Heritage Science, GA 871034). Support by CSIC Interdisciplinary Platform “Open Heritage: Research and Society” (PTI-PAIS) is acknowledged. M.O. thanks CSIC for a contract. Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature
- Published
- 2021