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Pediatrics brain tumors are the second most frequent malignancy in children, and the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in both the 0-14-year and the 15-24-year age group. Although, pediatrics high-grade glioma (pHGG) is a histologically similar tumor to that arising in adults, these are distinct biological diseases, differing in copy number profiles and driver genetic alterations. Recent sequencing initiatives have conclusively shown the existence of subgroups of HGG marked by distinct driver mutations, which are significantly enriched in young children (H3F3A K27M), teenagers and young adults (H3F3A G34R/V), and middle- aged adults (IDH1/2). Structural rearrangements resulting in novel fusion genes are strongly associated with cancer, and numerous examples exist in both adult and childhood malignancies. Although, only few have been described in pHGG. Structural variants (SV) frequently result in chimeric proteins targetable by novel therapeutic approaches, an outcome desperately needed in pHGG.

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. Because of their high degree of malignancy, patient survival rates are unsatisfactory. Therefore, exploring glioma biomarkers will play a key role in early diagnosis, guiding treatment, and monitoring the prognosis of gliomas. We found two lncRNAs, six miRNAs, and nine mRNAs that were differentially expressed by analyzing genomic data of glioma patients. The diagnostic value of mRNA expression levels in gliomas was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Among the nine mRNAs, the area under the ROC curve values of only CEP55 and SHCBP1 were >0.7, specifically 0.834 and 0.816, respectively. Additionally, CEP55 and SHCBP1 were highly expressed in glioma specimens and showed increased expression according to the glioma grade, and outcomes of high expression patients were poor. CEP55 was enriched in the cell cycle, DNA replication, mismatch repair, and P53 signaling pathway. SHCBP1 was enriched in the cell cycle, DNA replication, ECM receptor interaction, and P53 signaling pathway. Age, grade, IDH status, chromosome 19/20 cogain, and SHCBP1 were independent factors for prognosis. Our findings suggest the PART1-hsa-miR-429-SHCBP1 regulatory network plays an important role in gliomas., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Chengmin Xuan et al.)

The ubiquitin ligase ring finger protein 5 (RNF5) has previously been associated with the development of breast cancer. Patients with breast cancer and high RNF5 expression have been demonstrated to have a shorter survival time compared with patients with low RNF5 expression. However, the role of RNF5 in human glioma has not been determined. The present study analyzed the role of RNF5 in gliomas using bioinformatics analysis. The results revealed that RNF5 was differentially expressed in non-cancerous brain tissues and different grades of glioma. Furthermore, a high RNF5 expression in patients with glioma was associated with an improved prognosis compared with patients with low expression. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed that RNF5 was particularly associated with 'Wnt signaling pathway', 'apoptosis', 'focal adhesion' and 'cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction' in patients with glioma. Additionally, 4 potential ubiquitination substrates for RNF5 were predicted, including sorting nexin 10, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1, leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 and solute carrier family 39 member 12. These findings provided the basis for further investigation on the role of RNF5 in tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]