1. The Importance of M1-and M2-Polarized Macrophages in Glioma and as Potential Treatment Targets.
- Author
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Ren, Jiangbin, Xu, Bangjie, Ren, Jianghao, Liu, Zhichao, Cai, Lingyu, Zhang, Xiaotian, Wang, Weijie, Li, Shaoxun, Jin, Luhao, and Ding, Lianshu
- Subjects
CENTRAL nervous system tumors ,GLIOMAS ,KILLER cells ,MACROPHAGES ,TUMOR growth ,BRAIN tumors - Abstract
Glioma is the most common and malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive glioma, with a poor prognosis and no effective treatment because of its high invasiveness, metabolic rate, and heterogeneity. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains many tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which play a critical role in tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis and indirectly promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment. TAM is divided into tumor-suppressive M1-like (classic activation of macrophages) and tumor-supportive M2-like (alternatively activated macrophages) polarized cells. TAMs exhibit an M1-like phenotype in the initial stages of tumor progression, and along with the promotion of lysing tumors and the functions of T cells and NK cells, tumor growth is suppressed, and they rapidly transform into M2-like polarized macrophages, which promote tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the mechanism by which M1- and M2-polarized macrophages promote or inhibit the growth of glioblastoma and indicate the future directions for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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