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1. Prospective Cohort Study of Infective Endocarditis in People Who Inject Drugs

Author

David R. Murdoch, Nuria Fernández-Hidalgo, Eugene Athan, Juan M. Pericàs, José M. Miró, Tomáš Freiberger, Pierre Tattevin, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni, Francisco Nacinovich, Marta Hernández-Meneses, Vivian H. Chu, Zeina A. Kanafani, Jacob Strahilevitz, Jaume Llopis, Cristiane da Cruz Lamas, Margaret M. Hannan, University of Barcelona, Deakin University [Burwood], University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center [Jerusalem], Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], ARN régulateurs bactériens et médecine (BRM), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Duke University [Durham], This study was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (# E26/202.782/2015 to Dr. Lamas), Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (V-2003-REDC14A-O), and Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias de la Seguridad Social (FIS 00-0475) (Dr. Miro). Dr. Miro has received a personal 80:20 research grant from the Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain, for 2017 to 2021. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose., Pericas, J. M., Llopis, J., Athan, E., Hernandez-Meneses, M., Hannan, M. M., Murdoch, D. R., Kanafani, Z., Freiberger, T., Strahilevitz, J., Fernandez-Hidalgo, N., Lamas, C., Durante-Mangoni, E., Tattevin, P., Nacinovich, F., Chu, V. H., Miro, J. M., and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Staphylococcus aureus, cardiac surgery, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], infective endocarditi, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Logistic regression, medicine.disease_cause, Global Health, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Interquartile range, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, Aged, Prosthetic valve, people who inject drug, Endocarditis, business.industry, Public health, Incidence, HIV, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Cardiac surgery, people who inject drugs, Infective endocarditis, opioid crisis, Female, infective endocarditis, opioid crisi, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

International audience; Background - Infective endocarditis (IE) in people who inject drugs (PWID) is an emergent public health problem. Objectives - The purpose of this study was to investigate IE in PWID and compare it with IE in non-PWID patients. Methods - Two prospective cohort studies (ICE-PCS and ICE-Plus databases, encompassing 8,112 IE episodes from 2000 to 2006 and 2008 to 2012, with 64 and 34 sites and 28 and 18 countries, respectively). Outcomes were compared between PWID and non-PWID patients with IE. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate risk factors for 6-month mortality and relapses amongst PWID. Results - A total of 7,616 patients (591 PWID and 7,025 non-PWID) were included. PWID patients were significantly younger (median 37.0 years [interquartile range: 29.5 to 44.2 years] vs. 63.3 years [interquartile range: 49.3 to 74.0 years]; p

Published
2021

2. Secondhand Smoking and Depressive Symptoms Among In-School Adolescents

Author

Louis Jacob, Ai Koyanagi, Sarah E Jackson, Lee Smith, Josep Maria Haro, Jae Il Shin, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), University College of London [London] (UCL), ICREA Infection Biology Laboratory (Department of Experimental and Health Sciences), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC: PI15/00862 World Health Organization, WHO Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII European Regional Development Fund, FEDER, This research was based on data from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey, which was made available for use by the Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Department of the WHO and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ai Koyanagi's work is supported by the PI15/00862 project, integrated into the National R?+?D?+?I and funded by the ISCIII - General Branch Evaluation and Promotion of Health Research - and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF-FEDER). LJ contributed to the design of the study, undertook the statistical analysis, managed the literature searches, wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and contributed to the correction of the manuscript. LS, SEJ, JMH, and JIS contributed to the design of the study and the correction of the manuscript. AK contributed to the design of the study, undertook the statistical analysis, and contributed to the correction of the manuscript. All authors contributed to and have approved the final manuscript. The data sets supporting the conclusions of this article are available at www.cdc.gov. No financial disclosures were reported by the authors of this paper., and Ai Koyanagi's work is supported by the PI15/00862 project, integrated into the National R + D + I and funded by the ISCIII - General Branch Evaluation and Promotion of Health Research - and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF-FEDER).

Subjects
Male, Adolescent, Epidemiology, Cross-sectional study, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Developing country, Global Health, Logistic regression, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Environmental health, Prevalence, Global health, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Students, Secondhand smoke, Developing Countries, Depressive symptoms, 2. Zero hunger, Schools, Depression, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Health Surveys, 3. Good health, Food insecurity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Secondhand smoking, Female, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, business
Abstract

International audience; Introduction: Smoking has been linked with depressive symptoms in adolescents, but data on secondhand smoking and depressive symptoms in low- and middle-income countries are scarce. Thus, this study analyzes the association between secondhand smoking and depressive symptoms among in-school adolescents from 22 low- and middle-income countries. Methods: Data from the 2003–2008 Global School-Based Student Health Survey were analyzed in June 2019. Data on past-week exposure to secondhand smoke and past-year depressive symptoms were collected. The association between secondhand smoke and depressive symptoms was studied using multivariable logistic regressions and meta-analyses. Results: The sample consisted of 37,505 adolescents aged 12–15 years who never smoked. The prevalence of depressive symptoms increased from 23.0% in adolescents with no secondhand smoking to 28.9% in those with secondhand smoking every day in the past week. After adjusting for sex, age, food insecurity, and country, there was a dose–response relationship between secondhand smoking and depressive symptoms in the overall sample (0 days: reference; 1–2 days: OR=1.06, 95% CI=0.95, 1.18; 3–6 days: OR=1.38, 95% CI=1.20, 1.58; 7 days: OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.44, 1.86). The country-wise analysis showed that secondhand smoking on at least 3 days (versus

Published
2020

3. Informal caregiving and physical activity among 204,315 adults in 38 low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional study

Author

Louis Jacob, Brendon Stubbs, Ai Koyanagi, Lee Smith, Davy Vancampfort, Sarah E Jackson, Josep Maria Haro, Jae Il Shin, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICA-CL-2017-03-001 Maudsley Charity Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care - Greater Manchester, CLAHRC GM National Institute for Health Research, NIHR King's College London Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII European Regional Development Fund, ERDF Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care - Greater Manchester, CLAHRC GM, and Ai Koyanagi's work is supported by the PI15/00862 project, integrated into the National R + D + I and funded by the ISCIII - General Branch Evaluation and Promotion of Health Research - and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF-FEDER). Brendon Stubbs is supported by a Clinical Lectureship ( ICA-CL-2017-03-001 ) jointly funded by Health Education England (HEE) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). Brendon Stubbs is part funded by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust . Brendon Stubbs is also supported by the Maudsley Charity , King's College London and the NIHR South London Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care - Greater Manchester (CLAHRC) funding. This paper presents independent research. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the acknowledged institutions.

Subjects
Male, STRESS, IMPACT, Cross-sectional study, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Global Health, 01 natural sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Prevalence, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, RISK, Low- and middle-income countries, HEALTH BEHAVIORS, OF-LIFE, ASSOCIATION, Multi-country study, FAMILY, PREVALENCE, 3. Good health, Caregivers, Informal caregiving, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, MENTAL-HEALTH, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Physical activity, World health, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, General & Internal Medicine, Environmental health, Humans, 0101 mathematics, Developing Countries, Exercise, Poverty, Science & Technology, business.industry, DISABILITY, 010102 general mathematics, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Health Surveys, Cross-Sectional Studies, Low and middle income countries, business
Abstract

Data on the association between informal caregiving and physical activity (PA) levels are scarce, especially from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Furthermore, previous research has yielded conflicting results. Thus, we investigated this association in adults from 38 LMICs. Data from the World Health Survey (WHS), a cross-sectional, predominantly nationally representative survey conducted in 2002-2004, were analyzed. PA was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and participants were dichotomized into those who do (≥150 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA per week) and do not (

Published
2019

4. Low health-related quality of life in school-aged children in Tonga, a lower-middle income country in the South Pacific

Author

Boyd Swinburn, Helen Mavoa, Marjory Moodie, Gavin Faeamani, Caroline Tupoulahi-Fusimalohi, Solveig Petersen, Kalesita Fotu, and the Wellcome Trust (UK), the National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), the Health Research Council (New Zealand), the current paper also by the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research and the Olle Engkvist Foundation (Sweden)

Subjects
Male, Economic growth, Epidemiology, Health Status, Distribution (economics), Quality of life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Child, community health, Psychiatry, education.field_of_study, Health Policy, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Tonga, 1. No poverty, Public Health, Global Health, Preventive Medicine, Community Health, Population Health, Gender Studies, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, adolescent health, humanities, 3. Good health, Mental Health, Community health, Income, child health, Original Article, Female, low-income population, mental health, quality of life, Adolescent health, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Population, Developing country, Psykiatri, RA1-1270, RA407-409.5, RA421-790.95, RA790-790.95, RC49-52, RJ101-103, medicine, Humans, education, Developing Countries, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, Mental health, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Cross-Sectional Studies, business, Demography, New Zealand
Abstract

Background : Ensuring a good life for all parts of the population, including children, is high on the public health agenda in most countries around the world. Information about children’s perception of their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its socio-demographic distribution is, however, limited and almost exclusively reliant on data from Western higher income countries. Objectives : To investigate HRQoL in schoolchildren in Tonga, a lower income South Pacific Island country, and to compare this to HRQoL of children in other countries, including Tongan children living in New Zealand, a high-income country in the same region. Design : A cross-sectional study from Tonga addressing all secondary schoolchildren (11–18 years old) on the outer island of Vava’u and in three districts of the main island of Tongatapu (2,164 participants). A comparison group drawn from the literature comprised children in 18 higher income and one lower income country (Fiji). A specific New Zealand comparison group involved all children of Tongan descendent at six South Auckland secondary schools (830 participants). HRQoL was assessed by the self-report Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0. Results : HRQoL in Tonga was overall similar in girls and boys, but somewhat lower in children below 15 years of age. The children in Tonga experienced lower HRQoL than the children in all of the 19 comparison countries, with a large difference between children in Tonga and the higher income countries (Cohen’s d 1.0) and a small difference between Tonga and the lower income country Fiji (Cohen’s d 0.3). The children in Tonga also experienced lower HRQoL than Tongan children living in New Zealand (Cohen’s d 0.6). Conclusion : The results reveal worrisome low HRQoL in children in Tonga and point towards a potential general pattern of low HRQoL in children living in lower income countries, or, alternatively, in the South Pacific Island countries. Keywords : adolescent health; child health; community health; Epidemiology; low-income population; mental health; quality of life (Published: 20 August 2014) Citation : Glob Health Action 2014, 7 : 24896 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v7.24896

Published
2014