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Internationalization has become an indispensable part of universities worldwide. Since the 1990s, various research has been conducted with those often seen as the main stakeholders of universities, namely administrators, academics, and students. However, the leading implementors of internationalization and especially mobility programs, international office professionals (IPs), are rarely considered by research. In this study, qualitative research was conducted through 36 semi-structured interviews with IPs in Poland and Turkey. The results revealed that IPs have several professional and institutional challenges. While the professional challenges include diversified responsibilities, incoming students' problems, and communication difficulties with the young generation; institutional challenges are mainly associated with administrative issues like lack of participation in decision-making, temporarily appointed leaders, and lack of academic support. Additionally, in this study, IPs were referred to as street-level bureaucrats as the main contact with the beneficiaries of internationalization. The research revealed that IPs use a high level of discretion in practice. This paper presents examples of how to structure internationalization policies so that the IPs use their power of discretion in a positive way, contributing to policy implementation. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a roadmap for the practical implementation of internationalization and mobility programs in universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent and unprecedented levels of importance attached to subordinate organization citizenship behavior have enabled researchers to appreciate the issue from various perspectives including leadership styles and leader-member exchange relationships. This paper makes a contribution to the literature because few studies that encompass both of these theories are present in the literature. Under this framework and embedding the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation dimensions as further independent variables, the present paper yields some unexpected yet statistically significant findings using 156 sample units out of a total of 250 who received the questionnaires. The conclusions drawn from regression analyses revealed the positive effect of transformational leadership style on followers. In particular, under this circumstance, employees do not show any extra role performance when there is assurance of their managers’ support. Further, a step wise regression analyses procedure excluded the Leader-Member Exchange Relation dimension from the model which further substantiated the positive correlation between motivational tools and transformational leadership style over subordinate organization citizenship behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an analysis of the historical trajectory of Turkish geographical practice over the past four decades, situated within the broader socio-political landscape of the country. The transmission of the modern geographical tradition from continental Europe to Turkey during the interwar period established the discipline as a holistic science of the human-environment relationship. Although this understanding started to change after the 1968 events, the 1980 Turkish military coup abruptly disrupted innovative endeavors in the discipline, prompting a resurgence of regionally focused synthesis within geography. This insular approach prevailed for several decades but began to evolve in response to the internationalization trends that emerged in the 2000s, with deliberate steps taken toward fostering innovation. Despite institutional damage resulting from the political developments following the 2016 military coup attempt, the discipline maintained its commitment to innovation. This paper critically examines the divergent responses of Turkish geography and its practitioners to the 1980 military coup and the 2016 coup attempt, highlighting the significant influence of globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a critique of perspectives that see the recent global rise of right-wing populism as a direct reaction to the disastrous effects of neoliberalism. By turning attention to the uneven development of capitalism and international competition, in this paper, I present a distinction between 'offensive' and 'defensive' types of right-wing populism that take place in different zones of the world economy. Through a comparative analysis of India and Turkey, this paper discusses the particularities of the rise of 'offensive' populists in emerging powers of the Global South in a period of economic growth. The comparative-historical framework employed in the paper allows us to understand how the world-hegemonic crisis empowered populists by providing opportunities for upward mobility for emerging powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of modernity and its association with the West and secularism is being challenged with the rise of religious movements in the age of globalisation. This provides a fertile ground for alternative modernities, disconnected from the West and secularism, to surface. This paper provides a theoretical explanation for the emergence of alternative modernities by drawing on insights from epistemic injustice and recognition theory, through an analysis of Turkish media outlets. Turkey serves as an illustrative case to examine the emergence of alternative modernities due to its long-standing tradition of incorporating Western modernity and its complex liminal identity between the boundaries of the East and the West. This paper argues that the period from 2005 to 2020 presented a window of opportunity for an alternative modernities paradigm to engage in epistemic struggles for recognition, supported by the ideological context of the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi or AKP) government. This period paved the way for questioning the superiority and uniqueness of Western modernity. However, it also indicates the birth of a new form of epistemic injustice as counter-narratives defending the superiority of Islamic civilisation emerged, seeking to establish epistemic hegemony for Islam and its association with modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an analysis of key stakeholders' internationalization experiences in selected universities in the United States (U.S.) and in Turkey. We used the phenomenological research methodology to understand internationalization experiences in two countries the conceptual framework for internationalization and analyzed the similarities and differences between higher education institutions in these two countries. The choice of the phenomenological research design was set to gain a detailed understanding of the internationalization experiences of key stakeholders. The findings shall be beneficial for both countries' university stakeholders who are interested in gaining a better understanding of the internationalization in their respective institutions as well as of the goals and outcomes of the strategies currently being employed. This paper contributes an intercultural perspective to the body of literature on internationalization. We have further shown how broad analyses of internationalization can be filtered down into localized contexts and specific institutional settings to illuminate the mechanisms behind the curtain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Review of Education / Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By putting scale and (re)scaling at the center of its analysis, this paper aims to grasp the scalar process of EU-Turkey relations from historical, political and social perspectives. In doing so, this paper will first overview the existing theories on scale and re-scaling concerning their use in political geography and IR. The second task of this paper will be to examine the relevance of scale in EU relations from historical, political, and social perspectives. In the third part, as a first step, this paper investigates whether the EU and Turkey can redefine and reconstruct a new EU-Turkey space. As a second step, it assesses whether globalizing EU-Turkey relations is possible in new global policy areas such as climate change, sustainable development, and trade & economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Human & Society / İnsannsan ve Toplum is the property of Scientific Studies Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Turkey, situated in the periphery of Europe, is governed by anti-labour policies of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) Governments in the last 15 years. Embarking on a historical materialist perspective that draws concepts from Gramsci, this paper questions whether labour can come up with an alternative and form a united front vis-a-vis globalization and European Union membership. It then examines impediments behind the lack of a united front and a viable alternative. The analyses rely on empirical data generated through interviews conducted with trade unionists and representatives from civil society for struggles against patriarchy, environmental degradation, and human rights violations at two critical junctures in 2010 and 2017. This paper argues that labour and struggles within civil society contest neoliberal restructuring with two rival class strategies, namely Ha-vet (Turkish abbreviations for No to Capitalist Europe - Yes to Social Europe) and neomerchantilism, none of which stands as a viable alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the significance of real and monetary integrations for the inflationary dynamics of an emerging country, Turkey. The analysis accounts for 2-digit items of CPI inflation, which can be broadly categorized as tradable versus non-tradable and goods versus services. We find that a fall in the inflation gap between partner countries is mainly related to real integration whereas the co-movement of inflation is prominently driven by monetary policy co-movements. The product-type analysis shows that inflation gap in tradable items between trade partners shrinks and becomes more correlated with the (de)convergence and co-movement of real integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Turkish Court of Accounts / Sayistay Dergisi is the property of Turkish Court of Accounts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines how increasing international trade affects the skill wage gap in Turkey. There has been a rapid increase in international trade in Turkey after 2000. As international trade increases, goods produced with higher technologies have a higher share in overall exported products. All these developments raise a question: how does the improvement of technology levels in the Turkish manufacturing industry, together with the increasing demand for skilled workers, change the skill wage gap? To explore this issue, this study utilises the Structure of Earnings Survey Data by the Turkish Statistical Institute. To have more robust results, the quantile regression model is applied to estimate the skill wage gap. One of the most prominent findings of this study is a continuous increase in the skill wage gap even though specific information about firms and workers is controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Higher Education & Science / Yüksekögretim ve Bilim Dergisi is the property of Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the causal relationships between globalization and energy consumption for MINT member countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey) over the period 1970–2015, while controlling for the effect of gross domestic product. To control for common unobserved shocks and country‐specific heterogeneity inherent in panel data analyses, we employ the cross‐sectional augmented ADF and IPS tests to confirm the panel stationarity properties. We test for causal relations at country and panel levels through the Emirmahmutoglu & Kose, Economic Modelling, 2011, 28(3), 870–876 panel causality test for heterogeneous mixed panels. The causality results show that globalization is strongly related to energy consumption in MINT countries. Specifically, at the country level, we detect feedback causality between globalization and energy consumption in Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey, and find unidirectional causality running from globalization to energy consumption in Mexico. At the panel level, we also detect feedback causality between both variables. In general, our results lend credence to previous findings on globalization‐driven energy consumption hypothesis for MINT countries. Useful policy insights are also provided on the basis of our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this paper is to explore the role of globalization on ecological footprint in Turkey while controlling energy consumption, economic growth, and trade openness. To achieve this objective, we employ dual adjustment approach. The main novelty of the dual adjustment approach is that the method offers another path to the cointegration analysis by relaxing the implicit assumption of the singular adjustment in cointegration analysis. The findings clearly reveal that (i) in the long run, globalization impacts ecological footprint positively and (ii) trade openness reduces ecological footprint in the short run, while ecological footprint is negatively affected by GDP growth in both the short and the long run. In terms of policy implications, this study suggests that in order to improve the environmental quality, Turkey should adopt such policies that encourage energy consumers to shift toward renewable energy. Moreover, the government should take necessary steps to diversify the overall energy mix toward renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal / Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Cukurova University, Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For some two millennia Istanbul has been one of the world's greatest cities, and is today classified as an "Alpha-" world city in the Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) group's 2010 rankings. Istanbul is an emerging global city that is facilitating Turkey's transnational integration into the global economy, and as of June 2009 the city had the second largest office stock among all Southeast European countries. This paper investigates the determinants of office rent levels in the city's Central Business District (CBD) and the spatial variation of rents in a polycentric metropolis. The paper uses a stepwise regression and a Mamdani-type fuzzy rule-based model to estimate office space rents, and compares empirical results with those of a conventional OLS regression analysis. Rents are driven not only by physical characteristics and locational services, but also the terms of lease contracts. New CBD locations that command the highest rents on spacious, high-rise office spaces with comparatively few employees conform well with contemporary accounts of world-city financial districts, and confirm the significance of urban office infrastructures for globally oriented financial elites beyond the familiar roster of Global North world cities. The traditional center retains the core purpose identified nearly a century ago, in Marshall's analysis of centralization during the most vibrant period of the industrial age. Despite all the transformations of transnational urbanist polycentricity, the traditional CBD is still the place with the most diverse mix of activities, and the greatest variation in rents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nature of the internationalisation-growth-inequality nexus is very complex; and therefore, not surprisingly, there is no consensus on whether increasing openness to trade leads to higher inequality or not – in fact, there is even no full understanding on the impact of the openness on the economic growth. In the case of Turkey it is observed that there is relatively little empirical work that addresses the issue of inequality. Considering this fact, the study aims to provide some more evidence on the complex relationship between trade openness, foreign direct investment, economic growth and pay inequality by utilising a combination of different Theil Indices of pay inequality. The paper utilises the Johansen Cointegration and Granger Causality methods. Our findings yield that higher economic growth resulting from trade openness comes with higher pay inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qualitative computing has been part of our lives for thirty years. Today, we urgently call for an evaluation of its international impact on qualitative research. Evaluating the international impact of qualitative research and qualitative computing requires a consideration of the vast amount of qualitative research over the last decades, as well as thoughtfulness about the uneven and unequal way in which qualitative research and qualitative computing are present in different fields of study and geographical regions. To understand the international impact of qualitative computing requires evaluation of the digital divide and the huge differences between center and peripheries. The international impact of qualitative research, and, in particular qualitative computing, is the question at the heart of this array of selected papers from the "Qualitative Computing: Diverse Worlds and Research Practices Conference." In this article, we introduce the reader to the goals, motivation, and atmosphere at the conference, taking place in Istanbul, Turkey, in 2011. The dialogue generated there is still in the air, and this introduction is a call to spread that voice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Competition Journal / Rekabet Dergisi is the property of Turkish Competition Authority and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the privatization of state owned enterprises in Turkey as a function of an alliance of diverse social forces composed of market-oriented capital groups, mainstream media, national bureaucracies, and government officials. It highlights that these actors emerged in the post-1980 period because of dramatic transformations in Turkish society and the economy initiated by the process of neo-liberal globalization. The unification of diverse identities and interests around the strategy of further integrating with the global economy were crucial in the recent acceleration of the privatization process in Turkey. The paper also shows that market-oriented social forces sidelined resistant groups through a discourse that emphasized that privatization would bring material and other benefits to all and that the alternatives were worse. Such a communicative process played a crucial role in generating consent/hegemony for privatization in the 2000s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper gives an overview of the developments of Turkey's foreign language policy in response to the global influence of English in Turkish primary education. After introducing the planning underlying the introduction of the early English language teaching in primary education, problems faced by the teachers in implementing the 1997 curriculum initiative are presented based on the findings of available studies. The findings suggest that although the English language, as the lingua franca, occupies an important role in Turkish education, the teachers encounter challenges in practice. The paper concludes with a discussion of the recent changes introduced into the ELT curriculum at the primary level education in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the changes in the wage share in the manufacturing industry in Mexico, Turkey and Korea in the era of globalization. The focus is on the one hand on the effects of globalization on the wage share, which is measured by the effects of international trade and FDI intensity of the economy. On the other hand, the process of opening up has been accompanied by major currency crises in most developing countries in the last decade, which has affected the wage share through exchange rate depreciation and economic recession. The paper develops a Post-Keynesian conflicting claims model for an open economy under the pressure of globalization, and an equation for the wage share is estimated for each country using the Seemingly Unrelated Regression method. The results show that both recessions and nominal depreciations have a clear and lasting negative effect on the manufacturing wage share in all countries, whereas the effect of openness, in particular international trade depends on industrial policy structure. Increased export intensity leads to a decline in the manufacturing wage share in Turkey and Mexico, but has no significant effect in Korea. The positive expectations from FDI are also not materialized in any of the three countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this paper is to study how MNCs from new emerging markets manage the opportunity development in other new emerging markets. The aim is to propose a theoretical frame based on business network theory holding the concepts of opportunity development, risk, knowledge, and commitment used to analyze the Turkish firm's behavior in Romania. With the infusion of risk tolerance concept, the study contributes new knowledge to the internationalization model and aids understanding of how new MNCs develop opportunities. It enriches network theory as it unfolds the role of an actor's risk perception and the role of financial resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to report the possible impact of intellectual capital (IC) on firm reputation (FR) and investigates if there is a relationship between FR and market internationalization (MI). Design/methodology/approach: The data were collected from engineering consultancy firms (ECFs) in Turkey. The study employed structural equation modeling to examine the hypothesized relationships between IC, FR, and MI of ECFs. Findings: ECFs with strong human and structural capital can have a good FR. However, healthy relational capital may not lead to the same effect on FR. On the contrary, FR can create high-quality relational capital for ECFs. Lastly, a good FR, based on robust human and structural capital, can provide the success of ECFs' MI process. Research limitations/implications: This model may be analyzed for other knowledge-intensive business services. Also, subsequent researches may investigate potential variations in results about other sectors and geographical areas. Moreover, various constructs may be included in the model. However, a greater number of samples could lead to distinctive outcomes. Practical implications: The research may be a general guide for related professionals and their companies to build long-term strategies, given IC, FR and MI. In this respect, they should take into account human and structural capital for MI. Social implications: ECFs that can be active in the international arena may maintain their services by financial sustainability. Thus, the advantage may result in a prosperous society. Originality/value: The study is first to suggest a model joining IC and FR for the MI process of ECFs. This is suitable for competition of ECFs that are willing to be sustainable firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many efforts have been made to theoretically explain and/or empirically investigate how globalization plays a role on environmental quality. However, as in theoretical explanations, empirical literature as well has not reached a consensus yet to enlighten possible effects in developing countries especially. On the one hand, Globalization is expected to contribute to decrease environmental degradation through the technique effect that underlines the role of obtaining clean technologies. On the other hand, this expectation may become reversed since globalization triggers economic activities through the scale effect and movements of dirty industries to developing countries. This paper focuses on how environmental sustainability reacts to globalization in Turkey. To this end, ecological footprint as a proxy for environmental sustainability and KOF globalization measurements are analyzed by using Markov regime switching models. Estimations indicate that growth in financial globalization, politic globalization, trade globalization, human capital, and capital stock reduce the ecological footprint growth of Turkey. Results reveal as well that interpersonal globalization growth diminishes ecological footprint growth. All three regime-switching models yield that growths of economic globalization and social globalization result in an increase in ecological footprint growth in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper scrutinizes the ways in which two films from the showcase of contemporary Turkish popular cinema ( Mrs. Salkim's Diamonds and Commissar Shakespeare ) function in disordering the monolithic and homogenising discourse of Kemalist nationalism. The paper is an attempt to unravel how the official nationalism in Turkey has suppressed and imprisoned the diverse and plural identities in the margins of its society. Throughout the piece the author underlines the importance of the post-1980s political and social climate of Turkey in preparing the ground for subversive criticisms towards the Kemalist regime and in allocating a space for the emergence of multiple identities with ethnic, religious, local and global references. Finally, the paper explores how this climate has been reflected in cinema, through the analysis of the above-mentioned two films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased globalization in financial markets implies that the percentage of all shares under foreign ownership in domestic stock markets has been rising. Speculative attacks on the foreign exchange market in February 2001 led to deep economic crisis in Turkey. This article will explore various indicators of the financial crisis in Turkey based on a macro-model. The foreign share of the domestic economy is a key variable to establish the degree of vulnerability during a financial crisis. An empirical investigation shows that the percentage of shares owned by foreigners on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) has been increasing since 1995 and is currently about 50 percent of the total. Furthermore, the general index of stock market prices in 1999 was at its highest level since 1995. This would imply that the general price index of the stock market is another strong indicator of an impending financial crisis. An empirical investigation of Turkish data based on a theoretical model is presented in this paper. An unexpected capital outflow would certainly cause exchange rate fluctuations, balance of payments problems, and international debt crisis. Hot money inflows boost share prices and keep the real exchange rate high. However, short-term stay of capital implies a sudden capital outflow that creates financial crisis, which results in international debt crisis. This in turn leads to a further increase in loans from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Relatively high stock market prices may suggest an impending financial crisis. Using Turkish stock market price data, an impending financial crisis can be statistically predicted. (JEL E60, F32, F34, F36, F40, G15) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Celal Bayar University Journal of Social Sciences / Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Celal Bayar University Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hacettepe University Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Hacettepe Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Hacettepe University, Faculty of Economic & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Global Media Journal: Turkish Edition is the property of Global Media Journal, Turkish Edition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Educational policy borrowing has become rather common in our globalised world. However, the literature lacks contextual criteria that may be employed by researchers and policy makers to assess the correspondence of a particular policy to the local context of a borrowing system. Based on a secondary analysis of documents and research reports, this paper describes the process of policy borrowing in the Israeli and Turkish educational systems. Discrepancies were found between the basic qualities of the borrowed policies and the contextual features and processes that characterise each educational system. The lack of congruency appears to be even deeper in centralised structures where the act of policy setting is done by top-level policy makers who are isolated from local school circumstances. Threshold criteria referring to fundamental considerations during decision making are offered and their theoretical and practical implications for centralised structures are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Istiklal Street that can be considered as the heart of Istanbul is chosen as a case for this article. The street takes place on the European part of Istanbul that the transformations and changes can apparently be seen in that place during the years. Although the street can be seen branded with its local identities, we can also observe so many global brand space uses on, to realize the type of different brands the street includes. During last years, lots of well-known branded spaces such as chain of fast foods, coffee shops, boutiques and entertainment centers (like Starbucks, Mc Donald's, Mac, Diesel, Mango, Zara, ...etc.) have been located on the street. They try to bring their existent space concepts to the street just like on the other parts of the World they take place. But this street has a special spatial reflection to branded spaces with its local identities that forces them to change for adaptation. So this interrelation enables new space formations on the intersection of globalization and locality. City adopts this branding space with revolution. The revolution of "branded spaces" concept is trying to argue with Istiklal's locality issue. Istiklal Street can be seen as an efficient example for this situation to reveal metamorphosis such as space design, material usage, consumer profile ...etc. of "branded spaces", that will be related with the street attraction. Experiencing and determining the metamorphosis of different local and global branded spaces both take place on the street can supply various discussion. So this paper aims to determine this revolution by examined different brands on the street. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine bank brand equity from consumer perspectives by comparing the consumer-based brand equity (CBBE) dimensions of local and global banks in Turkey. The paper determines if and how CBBE differs across three types of banks (state, private, and foreign). Design/methodology/approach – Measurements of brand equity dimensions were drawn from the literature, which included brand awareness, perceived quality, brand image, brand association, organizational association, and brand loyalty. Data were collected from adult customers of three types of banks. Findings – It was found that the overall CBBE, perceived quality, brand image/association, and brand loyalty were significantly higher for private banks than for state and foreign banks. Organizational association was the highest for state banks, followed by private banks, and the lowest for foreign banks. Foreign banks scored the lowest in perceived quality, brand loyalty, and the overall CBBE. Originality/value – The results help foreign banks understand branding challenges/threats they may face from local banks in new markets. Such challenges might pertain to low levels of organizational associations and service quality perceived for foreign banks, as found in this study. The findings close the gap in the area of the brand equity theory that has not been adequately developed for the banking/financial industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explain the rise of political Islam in the last two decades in Turkey and its effects on Turkish Syrian relations. I believe, without referring to the historical and theoretical background of Political Islam, it would not be easy to understand the domestic and foreign policy practices of Turkey in recent years. In this respect, within the scope of this paper following questions will be explored in a combination: Will Turkey move away from its traditional modernity pattern? What effects will political Islam have on domestic and international politics of Turkey? What effects will Turkish-Syria tension create on regional security dynamics? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, it is claimed that the dynamics that enabled the emergence of city regions as new places of globalization brought about significant changes and restructuring in these areas in the early years of neo-liberal policies. Subsequently, from the 1990s onwards a new neo-liberalist agenda, in reply to the problems of the early period of globalization, defined new relations and new dynamics for city regions. The aim of this paper, with the help of earlier Istanbul case studies, is to discuss the changes taking place in city regions, including the outcomes of the neo-liberal policies induced by the competitiveness of the 1980s, especially those related to the distribution of welfare and social cohesion, which forced the nation state to reconfigure its neo-liberal project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization is often observed to result in greater labour flexibility and decreased labour bargaining power; thus, imposing a downward pressure on wages, especially in the sectors producing tradable goods. This would result then in a deterioration of the wage share and rising inequality within developing countries. In 1980s, Turkey implemented liberalization policies to promote globalization of the Turkish economy by raising trade and capital flows. Using a sectoral panel data, this paper shows that low-wage competition followed by trade liberalization reduced the wage shares in the manufacturing industry. The analysis also exhibits that the financial liberalization and rising capital flows hurt workers by increasing macroeconomic volatility, leading to financial crises that affected the functional income inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that deepening commodification in Turkish agriculture has changed the lives of farmers in significant ways. Global circuits have swept away the accustomed networks of information, production and marketing which had been largely established and maintained by comprehensive governmental support policies. New institutions have come into the picture establishing the links between small producers and larger markets. With state policy strengthening the domination of the market, prices and demand patterns fluctuate widely leaving small producers vulnerable to market forces and raising the level of risk and insecurity. This situation brings about a rapid de-ruralization of the population in most regions of the country. In the fertile coastal strip of the southern and western provinces, however, commercial opportunities introduced by global circuits have led to a thriving market in products, land, and labour. Farming of vegetables and fruits for domestic and European markets dominate agricultural production. Seasonal employment, in tourism and in labour-intensive crops, supplement household incomes, permitting the rural population to remain in the countryside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalisation is the political phenomenon that has come to dominate the world since the nineties of the last century with the end of the cold war. It is been lowered the barriers to competition and investment. Energy sector liberalization is milestone in Turkey electricity market. Measurement of and finance to stranded costs of electricity sector are main problems of this liberalization. The main aim of this paper is analyzing Turkey electricity market liberalization and stranded costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the quarter century of the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) since its opening in 1985. The review focuses on the ISE's articulation to the global financial system in two different macro-economic modalities in the 1990s and the new millennium and its repercussions for domestic retail investors (DRIs). It is argued that macroeconomic business cycles and inadequate institutionalization of the ISE in the 1990s and early 2000s have generated a domestic investor profile which is short-termist, opportunistic and relatively ill-informed about the markets in general and fundamentals of equity investment in particular. The post-2000-01 crisis period has structurally transformed the Turkish economy and boosted the ISE's performance with a new wave of global institutional investor interest. Despite these positive changes, the domestic retail investor profile of the 1990s has largel y remained the same in the present decade but with positive aggregate market returns for domestic investors and better and more democratic access to market information and knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to understand the internationalization process (IP) of retailing firms from emerging markets and to determine a new focus and/or modifications if necessary in the established Western-based theories. Design/methodology/approach - The paper follows an exploratory approach utilizing qualitative multiple case studies. Data are collected through eight in-depth interviews with senior managers of four Turkish retail firms in textile and ready-to-wear industry. An inductive approach is followed. Findings - It is found that internal drivers, home and host country characteristics and matching have an impact on the IP of retail firms from emerging markets. A table is formed to compare and contrast IP in the context of developed country, emerging market, and Turkish retail firms. Also a model is proposed to understand the IP of Turkish retail firms. Research limitations/implications - The proposed model of IP for Turkish retail firms provides an initial point for building theory in this quite new area of research. Originality/value - This paper is among the first attempts to study the IP of Turkish retail firms, but it does not intend to claim generalizability to all emerging country firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global value chains analysis has become an ever more important approach in economics and economic geography to study the globalization of different sectors. However, it is largely ignored in tourism research. This paper examines the modes of governance of the tourism value chain from Holland to Turkey. One of the most striking findings of this paper is the large variety of governance modes of that chain, not only within the same market segment but even within one firm. The second important finding is the importance of the specific context of the inbound country, to a much lesser extent than the outbound country. In other words, the chain is strongly embedded in the national/local political economic institutions of the inbound country but is fairly disembedded from those of the outbound country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers an analysis of municipal borrowing in Turkey during 1960-2006 in two sub-periods: 1960-79 and 1980-2006. These sub-periods are distinguished from each other as different regimes of capital accumulation, taking 1980 as the breaking point. In this framework, the capital accumulation model of the import substitution era of 1960-79 is assessed in the context of the national developmental state, while the financial capital accumulation regime in the post-1980 period is studied in the context of financial globalisation. The impacts of these two regimes on the debt structures of municipalities are compared using period-specific indices of indebtedness. It is found that indebtedness in real terms increased significantly in the post-1980 sub-period, which can be attributed to the adoption of the financial capital accumulation regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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