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This study aims to review the concept of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) technique to develop a new product. BSC, as a strategic performance tool, has received closed attention from many organizations worldwide. However, the implementation has been limited. The globalization and economic upheaval have increased the challenges to the executive’s face and therefore need to find the right tools to overcome the challenges. The current paper focuses on the review of literature on the importance of BSC towards new product development and business performance. This paper suggests that the 4th generation balance scorecard leads the combination of the management system and performance measurement that brings up one big strategy maps, and possibly will use widely to satisfy the customer demands. This paper discusses the current issues and the emerging importance of BSC literature and suggests fruitful areas for further study.

Paper Industries Corporation of the Philippines, popularly known as PICOP, is a multi- billion-peso wood-based industry operating the only fully integrated pulp and paper mill in Southeast Asia in 1963. Its timber and paper products are known both in local and international markets. It has also the biggest share of forest concessions among other timber and paper corporations in Mindanao. It operates of about 182, 682 hectares in the eastern cost of Mindanao. PICOP’s establishment in 1963 and its productive years of operations through the years had significantly contributed to the development of the socio- economic conditions of the municipality of Bislig. Thus, Bislig City’s development was and end result of PICOP’s corporate design to give the local community economic and social equity through local employment, infrastructural development and long-term livelihood. However, PICOP’s productive years was beleaguered by both external and internal problems--- natural calamities; national economic and political instability; high fuel costs in the international market; unfavorable national market conditions due to market globalization; subtle effects of full privatization; emergence of poachers, smugglers and other unscrupulous illegal log buyers within PICOP’s areas of concessions; and the legal and environmental constraints, affected PICOP’s operation, production, and financial standing that forced PICOP to shut down in 2006. PICOP, now PRI Resource Incorporated (PRI), shutdown in 2006 is a great loss to the community, especially to the local economy of Bislig City, which became almost dependent to PRI’s operations, and the problem of unemployment surfaced. Until this time PRI’s condition is still a national issue that warranted the attention of many policy makers. Furthermore, Bislig City’s local government never lost hope that the national government will find a more feasible solution to redress the problem.

The present article approaches the trends of HRD in the Finnish pulp and paper industry. The recent two decades have introduced several major changes into this field of industry. Technical breakthroughs have led to drastic changes in the competence requirements of the personnel. On the other hand, the boom of mergers and acquisitions in this industry segment has cut down the humber of corporations with world wide operations. Globalization challenges the European labor market, social policy, vocational education as well as HRD practices to develop high value jobs and competencies essential for survival in the labor cost competition.

The rapid speed of globalization and increasing economic interdependence has had a direct impact on defence policies and countries are constantly seen fine-tuning their priorities. Walden Bello arg...

The basic themes in the White Paper of the European Commission on education and training, published in November 1995, were the coming of the information society and globalization. These two "shake-ups" were seen as current realities that bring challenges and risks as they broaden and deepen the feeling of insecurity that has been recorded as the most significant feature of the 1995-96 conjuncture in Europe. The White Paper expressed the Commission's strong interest in the real contribution of education to the growth of productivity and competitiveness of the European economy and to the softening of the social consequences of the "neoliberal voluntarism" of the early 1990s that officially prevailed in Maastricht through the adoption of the European unified economic indicators.1

Most aspects of the argument of the UK government's 2000 White Paper on globalization and development stand up reasonably well to the findings of subsequent research. But there is significant new evidence in two areas: the size of the contribution of institutions to growth; and the complexity of the effects of increased openness on poor people. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Malaysia is now moving towards becoming a developed nation, targeting on the high-income nation by 2020. In order to execute this intention, Malaysia needs to develop and strengthen the economic growth. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are acknowledged have a significant role in Malaysian economic growth and expected to contribute 41% of GDP by 2020. However, there are a few factors hinder SMEs to maximize their growth and it has been reported that SMEs contributions to the country’s economy are still comparatively low compared with the contributions of SMEs in many developed and developing countries. Innovation is one of the important factors to remaining competitive in this globalization world. Therefore, SMEs need to focus on innovation activities to increase contribution and remain competitive. Knowledge management is one of the most effective strategies that may help to stimulate innovations and enable innovation activities into the business. Hence, the main aim of this study is to investigate the role of innovation in the relationship between knowledge management practices and SMEs Performance. This study proposed to investigate innovation activities at SMEs manufacturing sector focusing in food and beverages industry. Specifically, innovation types that will be focused in this study are product, process and management innovation. The result hopefully will become an empirical evidence that confirmed innovation is crucial to increase SMEs competitive ability and increase organizational performance. In addition, the result also expectantly prove knowledge management practices have an impact on innovation. Lastly, this study will help Malaysian Government to strategies the policy to overcome difficulties and more importantly in ensuring the sustainability and competitiveness of Malaysian SMEs.

Clare Short, the UK Government's International Development Secretary, characterises the anti-globalisation movement as 'well-intentioned' but 'destructive and dangerous'. Such sentiments could be turned round and applied to her Department's recent White Paper (WP) entitled Elimninating World Poverty: Making Globalisation Work for the Poor, published in December 2000. Well-intentioned, it has introduced some useful legislative intentions. Destructive and dangerous, its faith in global capitalism as the solution to world poverty is fraught with problems of intensifying unacceptable levels of human exploitation and environmental degradation.

This original article outlines a theoretical path and posterior critical analysis regarding two relevant matters in modern nursing: patterns of knowing in nursing and commodification contexts in contemporary health systems. The aim of our manuscript is to examine the development of basic and contextual nursing knowledge in commodified contexts. For this purpose, we outline a discussion and reflexive dialogue based on a literature search and our clinical experience. To lay the foundation for an informed discussion, we conducted a literature search and selected relevant articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese that included contents on patterns of knowing, commodification, and nursing published from 1978 to 2017. Globalization, commodification, and austerity measures seem to have negative effects on nursing. Work conditions are worsening, deteriorating nurse-patient relationships, and limiting reflection on practice. Nurses must develop knowledge to challenge and participate in institutional organization and public health policies. Development of nursing knowledge may be difficult to achieve in commodified environments. Consequently, therapeutic care relationships, healthcare services, and nurses' own health are compromised. However, by obtaining organizational, sociopolitical, and emancipatory knowledge, nurses can use strategies to adapt to or resist commodified contexts while constructing basic knowledge.

The international globalization of the World markets for manufactured goods, particularly consumer goods, has placed an emphasis on nations to improve manufacturing productivity. This need to improve productivity is further prompted by a potential loss of competitive edge in the global marketplace. The market competitiveness and e$ciency of any nation is primarily dependent upon the economy, reliability, quality, quickness, and ease of its manufacturing processes and the resulting quality of outcomes (products). To a major extent, the skills of the workforce determine the e!ectiveness and the e$ciency of the process of manufacturing and the quality of goods produced. And yet, there is a severe lack of standardized and consistent worker training programs for skills needed by workers in modern manufacturing organizations. This review paper shows that there is a dire need to train workers in manufacturing organizations and thereby improve the overall e!ectiveness and e$ciency of such organizations. Relevance to industry As technology changes, so do the skills workers need. In order to compete successfully in the global market, manufacturing organizations must aim at training workers in skills necessary to produce quality goods. ( 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

In this chapter we focus on the development of the “modern” Japanese paper industry, which was introduced from the West to produce yoshi (Western machine-made paper) in the 1870s. Japan’s traditional papermaking (or washi) culture, introduced from the East, has a long history. In the beginning, the central government’s demand for paper supported the development of the modern paper industry, as it needed yoshi for the announcement and documentation of its modernization policy. Subsequently, the private sector promoted industrial development over the following 130 years, except during the wartime economy. The modern paper industry in Japan has always been characterized by rapid growth, low import dependency, and cartelization. The “Big Three” dominated the market after their merger in the 1930s, but the GHQ’s democratization policy welcomed new industry entrants after the Second World War. Various innovations, including the vertical integration of pulp and papermaking processes and the establishment of coastal manufacturing bases to utilize imported material, were the sources of growth after the Second World War. Japan became the second largest papermaking country in the world for almost three decades beginning in the 1970s, but globalization, the emergence of new developing countries, and the tide of M&A has transformed this industry.

Modern globalization leads companies into a changing environment with a highly uncertain future development of key drivers of change. Especially, global production networks are affected by uncertainty and dynamic changes. Reactiveness becomes of crucial importance, as the adaptation to environmental conditions is the key to maintain competitive advantages. This article presents an approach for flexible migration planning in global production networks. The focus is on the formulation of a Markovian Decision Process (MDP) that enables the identification of optimal reactions to stochastic changes of key drivers of change. The formulation includes the description of a multi-level modelling approach for global production networks. Furthermore the valuation model of the reward function of the MDP is discussed in detail. Finally, the paper provides a brief description of exemplary optimization results solving the MDP by backward induction.

Adrian Wood is right to note a significant shift in official thinking since the publication in 2000 of the DFID White Paper on globalization. This is confirmed by the 2004 White Paper on the same subject, published by the Department for Trade and Industry: there is more emphasis on the institutional pre-conditions for successful liberalization, more on the specificity of individual country experience, more on the plight of losers, and more on the need for social protection. These themes are important and require some re-thinking of aid policy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Subject area Human resource management. Study level/applicability It is appropriate for graduate students majoring in human resource or business management. Students who are interested in studying Asian economies in the world, as they are the most growing economies in the world and at the same time have a shocking number of people employed in the informal sector. Case overview This case study talks about women workers who face a glass ceiling at the management level and deplorable working conditions at the informal level. This case involves women in the paper bag-making business, a part of the urban informal sector. The paper bag-making business provides employment and income generation for the urban poor. The focus in this study is on women production workers, rather than entrepreneurs or professional managers. Focus of the study will be on the change in the pattern of income distribution within the family-based household, the degree of bargaining power derived from productive work and income and impact of technology on the plight of unskilled women force and how technology and vocational training can lead to utilization of manpower being wasted because of lack of synergy between technology and the informal sector in India. Expected learning outcomes Four key points of selection, training, assessment and leadership all have been addressed in this case study, and the relevance of these points is important from the point of view of management students who have to understand the linkages and the hidden costs these informal sector occupations come with and then to device an appropriate strategy to bring and use these human resources to their full capacity by utilizing the existing resources instead of adding new ones, which in development economics is known as Solow residual. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.