Search

This paper introduces development and implementation of Maritime Satellite Communications, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) of GPS or GLONASS for enhancement of safety and emergency systems including security and control of vessels, logistic and freight at sea, on inland waters and the security of crew and passengers onboard oceangoing ships, cruisers, boats, rigs and hovercrafts. These improvements include many applications for the better management and operation of vessels and they are needed more than ever because of world merchant fleet expansion. Just the top 20 world ships registers have more than 40,000 units under their national flags. Above all, the biggest problem today is that merchant ships and their crews are targets of the types of crime traditionally associated with the maritime industries, such as piracy, robbery and recently, a target for terrorist attacks. Thus, International Maritime Organization (IMO) and flag states will have a vital role in developing International Ship and Port Security (ISPS). The best way to implement ISPS is to design an Approaching and Port Control System (APCS) by special code augmentation satellite CNS for all ships including tracking and monitoring of all vehicle circulation in and out of the seaport area. The establishment of Maritime CNS is discussed as a part of Global Satellite Augmentation Systems (GSAS) of the US GPS and Russian GLONASS for integration of the existing Regional Satellite Augmentation Systems (RSAS) such as the US WAAS, European EGNOS and Japanese MSAS, and for development new RSAS such as the Russian SDMC, Chinese SNAS, Indian GAGAN and African ASAS. This research has also to include RSAS for Australia and South America, to meet all requirements for GSAS and to complement the services already provided by Differential GPS (DGPS) for Maritime application of the US Coast Guard by development Local Satellite Augmentation System (LSAS) in seaports areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the main technical characteristics and possible applications of Modern Ships Tracking and Detections systems for maritime applications. As is evident, the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) network is designed by integrated radio and satellite systems for ships safety, distress alert and Search and Rescue (SAR) communications. However, this system is not enough effective to provide a real tracking and detection system of ships for every day navigation aids, positions of adjacent ships, for enhanced safety and security and for more effective collision avoidance of ships in very critical weather and awareness conditions. The Modern Space Tracking and Detection Systems and Equipment are usually using VHF, UHF and SHF-band integrated or autonomous onboard mobiles space Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) equipment that are introduced in the following sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the main technical characteristics of current Radio Automatic Identification System (R-AIS) and development new Satellite AIS (S-AIS) as more reliable solution for enhanced tracking and detecting systems for maritime applications. The technical parameters and comparison of current Radio AIS (R-AIS) and new developed Satellite AIS (S-AIS) with their advantages and disadvantages are described. The possibility in upgrading of a particular AIS configuration depends mainly on its mission objectives, development trends of radio and satellite mobile tracking and surveillance service, modernization of onboard and coastal equipment and characteristics of the satellite payloads for S-AIS. The R-AIS network provides local coverage in coastal waters of VHF-band range, while new S-AIS will be able to provide global beam coverage using Low Earth Orbit (LEO) or even Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) spacecraft. In this paper is introduced the R-AIS network and its classes, basic technical details of AIS transponder, Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) Systems for AIS Base Station (BS) and software, The S-AIS Network, enhancements of surveillance and security, improvement of counter piracy and suspicious movement of ships, better facilitated fisheries and environmental monitoring, more Reliable Search and Rescue (SAR) operations and Nano satellite AIS (Nano S-AIS) are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces architecture of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) networks in the function of the maritime space communications, navigation and surveillance (CNS) for enhanced navigation and positioning of vessels deploying passive, active and hybrid global determination satellite systems (GDSS) networks. These GNSS networks have to enhance safety and control oceangoing ships in navigation across the ocean and inland waters, to improve logistics and freight of goods, security of crew and passengers onboard ships. The maritime GNSS networks integrated with geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite constellations are providing important global satellite augmentation systems (GSAS) architecture, which is established by two first generations known GNSS as GNSS-1 infrastructures. The GNSS-1 network is the composition of two subnets such as the US global position system (GPS) and Russian global satellite navigation system (GLONASS). Both GNSS-1 networks play a significant contribution in very precise timing, tracking, guidance, determination and navigation of the oceangoing ships. At this point, both GNSS-1 networks, GPS and GLONASS, are used in maritime and many other mobile and fixed applications to provide enhanced accuracy and high integrity monitoring usable for positioning of the oceangoing ships. To provide improvements of GNSS-1 network it will be necessary to carry out their augmentation within several regional satellite augmentation systems (RSAS) as integration parts of GSAS infrastructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]